1、国家公共英语二级（阅读理解）练习试卷 12及答案与解析 0 The United States has many different types of families. While most American families are traditional comprising a father, mother and one or more children, 22.5 percent of all American families in 1983 were headed by one parent, usually a woman. In some families in the U
2、nited States, there are no children. These childless couples may believe that they would not make good parents; they may want freedom from the responsibilities of child-rearing; or perhaps they are not physically able to have children. Other families in the United States have one adult who is a step
3、parent. A stepmother or stepfather is a person who joins a family by marrying a father or mother. Americans tolerate and accept these different types of families. In the United States, people have the right to privacy and Americans do not believe in telling other Americans what type of family group
4、they must belong to. They respect each others choices regarding family groups. 1 Which of the following is NOT the cause of childless couples? （ A） They are too busy with their work. （ B） They may not be good parents. （ C） They want to be free from the family responsibilities. （ D） They are physical
5、ly unable to have children. 2 How many types of families are mentioned by the writer? （ A） Six. （ B） Two. （ C） Five. （ D） Four. 3 The second paragraph intends to tell us about _. （ A） general traits of the Americans （ B） the reason why Americans tolerate and accept different family types. （ C） the s
6、ocial customs in American society （ D） the result of the social changes. 4 What percent did the families headed by one parent account for? （ A） 50 percent. （ B） 40 percent. （ C） 35 percent. （ D） 22.5 percent. 4 The idea of “evolution“ is very clearly shown in the story of horse. Millions of years ag
7、o, the horse called Eohippus with small teeth and four toes lived in the ground where the plants were easy to chew. Because of changing climate and plants, horses with larger teeth, three toes, till one toe appeared. Finally Eohippus died out and the one-toed survived so well over the grasslands by
8、the time the first man appeared on earth. Darwin considered all modem animals had gradually developed and so had man. The earliest men, with sloping foreheads and much smaller brains, like Eohippus seem to have died outthe weak ones died out and the well- equipped ones survived. Also, like the anima
9、ls on the different Galapagos Islands, men developed differently according to the condition in which they lived. People living in very hot countries developed black skins, which are good protection against the suns rays, and people like the Mongols and Eskimos living in very cold climates have flatt
10、er faces and rounder bodies than people else where, to protect them from the cold. 5 The word “evolution“ in the passage means _. （ A） gradual development （ B） all living things developed from a few simple forms of life （ C） giving off （ D） movement of ships or soldiers, planned before hand 6 Accord
11、ing to the passage, we know that _. （ A） the earliest men in different places developed differently （ B） Eskimos black skin is helpful to protect them from cold （ C） People in Africa have flatter faces than people in other areas （ D） the earliest men have the same foreheads and brains as men today 7
12、 Which statement is NOT TRUE? （ A） The earliest men differed from men today. （ B） Modern man has developed from a simpler animal of its kind. （ C） The earliest men had much smaller brains than men today. （ D） A large number of the earliest men have also survived though they were weaker. 8 Darwin con
13、sidered _. （ A） all living things had gradually developed （ B） men developed slowly （ C） Mongols were fatter than the people in other places （ D） people didnt protect them from the cold except Eskimos 国家公共英语二级（阅读理解）练习试卷 12答案与解析 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正 确答案】 A 【试题解析】 从文章第一段的第四句可以看出，有些美国人不要小孩的原因有三个：害怕自己不能成为好父
14、母；不想承担养育孩子的任务；或者是身体不适合要小孩。只有 A项的内容没有被提到。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从文章的第一段可以看出，美国基本有四种家庭类型：核心家庭 (a father, mother and one or more children)，单亲家庭 (one parent, usually a woman)，丁克族 (childless couples)和再婚家庭 (joint family)。所以正确答案选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 文章第二段主要讲美国人能容忍这么多家庭类型存在的原因：一是每个人都有隐私
15、权；二是相互尊重他人的选择。所以正确答案选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 文章第一段第二句指出： “While most American families are traditional comprising a father, mother and one or more children, 22.5 percent of all American families in 1983 were headed by one parent, usually a woman.”即大多数美国家庭传统上由一位父亲，一位母亲，一个孩子或更多的孩子组成，但 1983年2
16、2.5%的美国家庭是单亲家庭，通常只有母亲。所以正确答案选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 “evolution”这个词出现在文章的第一句，根据全文讲述的马的进化过程，特别是文章的第 5句： “Darwin considered all modern animals had gradually developed and so had man.”可以得出词语的正确含义。所以正确答案选A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 从文中 “men developed differently according to the condition in which they lived”可以分 析出，正确答案是 A，而其他 3项 B， C， D都是错误答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 由文章中的 “the earliest men.the well equipped ones survived”可知， D选项是错误的。而其他 3项都可以在原文中找到。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 达尔文认为，所有现代动物都是逐渐进化而来，人也不例外。所以正确答案选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解
