1、国家公共英语五级（阅读理解）练习试卷 13及答案与解析 Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, b
2、oring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close. As a result, the modern world is increasin
3、gly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much hum an labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our
4、 subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy far greater precision than highly skilled physicia
5、ns can achieve with their hands alone. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a
6、specific error,“ says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we cant yet give a robot enough commonsense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.“ Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1
7、970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brains roughl
8、y one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented and human perception far more complicated than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapi
9、dly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth cant approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientist
10、s still dont know quite how we do it. 1 Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in _. （ A） the use of machines to produce science fiction （ B） the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry （ C） the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work （ D） the elites cunning tackling of danger
11、ous and boring work 2 The word “gizmos“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means _. （ A） programs （ B） experts （ C） devices （ D） creatures 3 According to the text, what is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that can _. （ A） fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery （ B） interac
12、t with human beings verbally （ C） have a little common sense （ D） respond independently to a changing world 4 Besides reducing human labor, robots can also _. （ A） make a few decisions for themselves （ B） deal with some errors with human intervention （ C） improve factory environments （ D） cultivate
13、human creativity 5 The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are _. （ A） expected to copy human brain in internal structure （ B） able to perceive abnormalities immediately （ C） far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information （ D） best used in a controlled enviro
14、nment 5 The current emergency in Mexico City that has taken over our lives is nothing I could ever have imagined for me or my children. We are living in an environmental crisis, an air pollution emergency of unprecedented severity. What it really means is that just to breathe here is to play a dange
15、rous game with your health. As parents, what terrorizes us most are reports that children are at higher risk because they breathe more times per minute. What more can we do to protect them and ourselves? Our pediatricians medical recommendation was simple: abandon the city permanently. We are foreig
16、ners and we are among the small minority that can afford to leave. We are here because of my husbands work. We are fascinated by Mexico its history and rich culture. We know that for us, this is a temporary danger. However, we cannot stand for much longer the fear we feel for our boys. We cannot sto
17、p them from breathing. But for millions, there is no choice. Their lives, their jobs, their futures depend on being here. Thousands of Mexicans arrive each day in this city, desperate for economic opportunities. Thousands more are born here each day. Entire families work in the streets and practical
18、ly live there. It is a familiar sight: as parents hawk goods at stoplights, their children play in the grassy highway dividers, breathing exhaust fumes. I feel guilty complaining about my personal situation; we wont be here long enough for our children to tbrm the impression that skies are colored o
19、nly gray. And yet the government cannot do what it must to end this problem. For any country, especially a developing Third World economy like Mexico s, the idea of barring from the capital city enough cars, closing enough factories end speeding the necessary billions on public transportation is sim
20、ply not an option. So when things get bad, as in the current emergency, Mexico takes half measure prohibiting some more cars from circulating, stopping some factories from producing that even its own officials concede arent adequate. The word “emergency“ implies the unusual. But when daily life itse
21、lf is an emergency, the concept loses its meaning. It is human nature to try to adapt to that which we cannot change. Or to mislead ourselves into believing we can adapt. 6 According to the passage, the currant emergency in Mexico City refers to _. （ A） economic crisis （ B） serious air pollution （ C
22、） unemployment （ D） natural disaster 7 Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? （ A） Kids are in greater danger than grownups in Mexico City. （ B） The author is not a native Mexican. （ C） The Mexican history and culture appeal to the author. （ D） The author s husband is a pediatr
23、ician. 8 The word “hawk“ (Para. 3 )most probably means _. （ A） transport （ B） sell （ C） place （ D） deliver 9 The Mexican government takes half measures to solve the pollution problem because _. （ A） it is not wise enough to come up with effective measures （ B） Mexican economy depends very much on ca
24、rs and factories （ C） Mexican are able to adapt themselves to the current emergency （ D） Mexican enjoy playing dangerous games with their health 10 The purpose of the passage is to _. （ A） describe the harmful air pollution （ B） explain the way to prevent air pollution （ C） recommend a method to avo
25、id pollution （ D） show the worries about the air pollution 国家公共英语五级（阅读理解）练习试卷 13答案与解析 Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题只要正确理解文首第一句话的含义即可，文中并没有强调 “th
26、e elite(精 英人才 )”，只提到 “people have devised cunning tools”，因此排除 D，而A、 B两项 都不符 合题中 “initially(最初、最早 )”这一要求，故而选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题要判断 “gizmos”这一单词的含义，由第一段提到 “robotics”，而 “conferring human capabilities on machines”与修饰 gizmos的定语从句中“remove， much human labor” 相照应，联系上下文句意， gizmos应该是与机器人有关，因此
27、排除 A、 B、 D，选 C。这也 从 gizmos的下面四句举例 论述可以看出。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 文章第二段最后一句指出，已经有机器人系统，能完成某些大脑或骨科外科 手术，因此排除 A。第二段第三句则指出 “automated teller terminals”可以 “thank US with mechanical politeness”，因此 B亦被排除。从第三段 Dave Lavery的话可以看出，机器人不 是没有 common sense，而是没有 “enough”足够的 common sense，排除 C。只有 D符合第 三段原意，机器人
28、尚不能 “reliably interact with a dynamic world”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 由第三段第一句可以看出，机器人尚不能 “make at least a few decisions for themselves”，故排除 A。 C、 D在文中根本没有出现这样的字眼，可不予考虑，而在第三段 中，由 “We know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error ”即可推 断 B项是正确选项。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题需要在文章中找到相关细节
29、， “Monkey”一词出现在第五段，由 “the human mind canimmediately disregard the 98% that is irrelevant instantaneously focusing on the monkey” ，可以看出，人脑能迅速捕捉相关信息，而忽略无关信息，再由 “the most advanced computer systems on。Earth cant approach that kind of ability”，看出最先进的计算机系统都不 能有这样的能力，所以正确答案应选 C。 A、 B、 D三项都与猴子一例无关，可排除。 【知识模
30、块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。文章通篇讲的是墨西哥城的空气污染问题，因此可以放心地选 B。作 者虽然也涉及到了经济方面的事，但只是在局部地方提到，并不是谈论经济危 机，所以 A 不对。文章中也没有谈到失业问题和自然灾害问题，故 C和D完全可以排除。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。文章第二段说，空气污染对孩子的危害更大，因为小孩每分钟呼吸 的次数比成年人多，因此 A为事实，接下来说，我们是外国人 ，因此 B也是事实。下 面说到他们深为墨西哥的历史和文化所吸引，因此 C是事实。到此就可判断 D为正确答案 了
31、。从内容上看，本段中说到他们来到墨西哥是因为她的丈夫的工作，文章没有交代作者 的丈夫是干什么的，但可以判断是与墨西哥的历史 和文化有关的工作。文中提到了 pediatrician，但不是说作者的丈夫是个pediatrician。因此 D不是事实。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 语义题。从上下文来看，小孩在马路中间的分隔带玩耍，他们的父母则在十 字路口摆摊卖东西，因此 B为正确答案。其他三个词与 goods也能搭配，但与语境不符。 运输 (transpolt)和送交 (deliver)货物不会老在一个地方，放置(place)货物在这里意思 不通，因此 A， C， D
32、都不对。 【知识模块】 阅 读理解 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。从第四段可以看出，墨西哥是一个第三世界的发展中国家，因此， 禁止汽车，关闭工厂，并且花巨资在公共交通上这一措施不可行，所以只有采取一半的措 施来解决此问题，原因就是 B项所说的墨西哥的经济在很大程度上依靠汽车和工厂。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 文章目的题。本文显然不是在描述有害的空气污染，因此 A不对。文章的目 的不是为了解释如何防止空气污染，因此 B也不对。 C和 B意思相近，文章的目的也不是 提出避 免空气污染的一个方法。从意思上看，文章表达了作者对墨西哥城空气污染的深切 关注，因此 D为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解
