1、国家公共英语五级（阅读理解）练习试卷 7及答案与解析 Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins o
2、f the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europe
3、ans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer
4、to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man“. But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies. In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behavior in their
5、nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery and it wasnt until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed
6、 in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have b
7、een forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families. But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continents largest mino
8、rity. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emig
9、rated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their ownunlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan“ said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, “is where my two feet stand.“ 1 Gypsies are un
10、ited only when they _. （ A） are engaged in traditional crafts （ B） call themselves Roma （ C） live under a clan system （ D） face external threats 2 In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT （ A） the Egyptians （ B） the state （ C） the church （ D
11、） the Nazis 3 According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of _. （ A） language （ B） culture （ C） identity （ D） custom 4 Which one of the following descriptions is not right about Gypsies? （ A） Hostility to Gypsies in Europe was widespread. （ B
12、） It is said that they came from northern India to the Middle East. （ C） Most Gypsies preferred to a unified people. （ D） They were persecuted by Nazis. 5 Gypsies have been under counted because _. （ A） Gypsies sought to avoid bureaucracies （ B） Gypsies are the largest minority in Europe （ C） they s
13、cattered everywhere （ D） they have no great desire for a country 5 For the past six years, crime rates have been falling all over America. In some big cities, the fall has been extraordinary. Between 1993 and 1997 in New York city violent crime fell by 39% in central Harlem and by 45% in the once-te
14、rrifying South Bronx. The latest figures released by the FBI, for 1997, show that serious crime continued to fall in all the larger cities, though a little more slowly than in 1996. Violent crime fell by 5% in all and by slightly more in cities with over 250,000 people. Property crimes have fallen,
15、too, by more than 20% since 1980, so that the rates for burglary and car-theft are lower in America than they are in supposedly more law-abiding Britain and Scandinavia. And people have noticed. In 1994, 31% of Americans told pollsters that crime was the most important challenge facing the country,
16、while in 1997, only 14% thought so. Some cities police departments are so impressed by these figures, it is said, that they have lately taken to exaggerating the plunge in crime. Why this has happened is anyones guess. Many factors social, demographic, economic, and political affect crime rate, so i
17、t is difficult to put a finger on the vital clue. In March this year, the FBI itself admitted it had “no idea“ why rates were falling so fast. Politicians think they know, of course. Ask Rudy Giuliani, the mayor of New York, why his city has made such strides in beating crime that it accounts for fu
18、lly a quarter of the national decline. He will cite his policy of “zero tolerance“. This concept, which sprang from a famous article by two criminologists in Atlantic Monthly in March 1982, maintains that by refusing to tolerate tiny infractions of the law dropping litter, spray painting walls the a
19、uthorities can create a climate in which crime of more dangerous kinds finds it impossible to flourish. The Atlantic article was called “Broken Windows“; if one window in a building was left broken, it argued, all the others would soon be gone. The answer: mend the window, fast. The metro system in
20、Washington, D.C was the first place where zero tolerance drew public attention, especially when one passenger was arrested for eating a banana. The policy seemed absurdly pernickety, yet it worked: in a better environment, peoples behavior improved, and crime dropped. Mr. Giuliani, taking this theme
21、 to heart, has gone further. He has cracked down on windscreen-cleaners, public urinates, graffiti, and even jaywalkers. He has excoriated New Yorks famously sullen cabdrivers, and wants all New Yorkers to be nicer to each other. Tony Blair, visiting from London, has been hugely impressed. But is th
22、is cleanliness and civility the main reason why crime has fallen? It seems unlikely “Zero tolerance“ can also be a distraction, making too many policemen spend too much time handing out littering tickets and parking fines while, some streets away, young men are being murdered for their trainers. It
23、is localized, too: though lower Manhattan or the Washington metro can show the uncanny orderliness of a communist regime, other parts of the city the areas of highest crime maybe left largely untreated. William Bratton, New Yorks police commissioner until Mr. Giuliani fired him for stealing his thun
24、der, has a different explanation for the fall in crime. It came about mostly, he believes, because he reorganized the police department and restored its morale: giving his officers better guns, letting them take more decisions for themselves, and moving them away from desk jobs and out into the stru
25、ts. Mr. Bratton made his precinct commanders personally responsible for reducing crimes on their own beats. There was no passing the buck, and those who failed were fired. Within a year, he had replaced half of them. 6 What can we conclude from paragraphs one and two about America between 1993 and 1
26、997? （ A） Its crime rates have been failing only in big cities. （ B） Violent crime falls by 39%. （ C） The rates for burglary and car theft are lower in America than that in Britain. （ D） Violent crime falls by more than 20%. 7 In the last sentence of the 2nd paragraph the word “plunge“ can be replac
27、ed by _. （ A） sudden fall （ B） pluck （ C） increase （ D） rise 8 Where in the passage does the author give a definition? （ A） The last sentence in the 1st paragraph. （ B） The 2nd sentence in the 2nd paragraph. （ C） The 4th sentence in the 4th paragraph. （ D） The 2nd sentence in the 5th paragraph. 9 In
28、 Washington D.C.a passenger was arrested for eating a banana in the metro system. This case later shows that _. （ A） the police are fastidious （ B） in a better environment, peoples bahaviour improves （ C） zero to tolerance is a failure （ D） Mr. Giuliani disagreed with it 10 According to the passage,
29、 what are the main reasons for the falling of the crime rates? （ A） Social and demographic factors. （ B） The efforts of FBI. （ C） The policy of zero tolerance. （ D） It is difficult to find the vital clue. 国家公共英语五级（阅读理解）练习试卷 7答案与解析 Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions
30、which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 文章第一段 “only really unifying in the face of enmity from non -Gypsies whom they call gadje ”一句说明了答案所在。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 根据文章所示， “with the church seeing heresy in their fortune
31、-telling and the state seeing anti-social behaviour in their nomadism”： “In mote recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria”这几句说明。 the Gypsies受到多方面的欺压。利用排除法， 选项为 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 文章最后一段 “With very few except ions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a count
32、ry to call their ownunlike the Jews”表明吉普赛人和犹太人是不同的，主要是 在建立国家的愿望上。所以答案选 C。 identity“集团成员的个人身份 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 利用排除法，选项为 C。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文章最后一段 “Gypsies have regularly been undercounted， both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seek
33、ing to avoid bureaucracies ” 说明原因有两方面，选项中只提及一个。所以是 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本文的主题是美国犯罪率下降了，对于下降的原因，不同人士有不同的看法。 作者在 说明这一主题时，较多地运用数据事实，并引用某些人的观点，全文并没有显示出 很多作者自己的观点。每个段落的主题比较容易判断。该题是针对前两段落内容进行推断。 这两个段落都是讲犯罪率的下降，分析四个选项内容，要注意选项内容中的具体细节是否 与段落中提及的一致。注意了这一点，答案也就不难判断。该题判断时可以用排除法。 A 与第一段第一
34、句表达的意思不符合，原文中提到的是全美而不只是大城市。 B中的具体数 据是说明纽约城市的。 D中的数据是说明 property crimes而不是 violent crime的， C与第二 段第二句后半部分的意思一致。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 词义判断题。第二段落是有关犯罪率下降的内容、有些城市的警察对这些具 体的犯罪率下降的数字印象深刻，以至于开始夸大犯罪率的下降。从内容的理解中不难推 断该词的意思应是 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第四段中提到了 zero tolerance概念，段落中对这概念进行了说明，具体是第 四段第四句。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第五段落中提到了在华盛顿地区地铁里实施 zero tolerance。当警察将在地铁 里吃香蕉的乘客逮捕时，会引起公众的注意，警察可能吹毛求疵，但这确实有效：在好的 环境里，人们的行为会有改善。文章中引用具体例子正是来证明这一观点的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从第六段开始作者来分析犯罪率下降的原因，从作者所引用的原因，以及作 者的遣词造句中可以判断出很难说哪个原因是最为关键和重要的，因此 D是该题的答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解
