1、国家公共英语四级（综合）练习试卷 23及答案与解析 Part D Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. 0 【 B1】 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice
2、 most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew that is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always in
3、complete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historians craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process. 【 B2】 Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity
4、of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches
5、to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 【 B3】 During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies d
6、esigned to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 【 B4】 There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques ap
7、propriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “tunnel method,“ frequently fall victim to the “technicist fallacy.“ Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly iden
8、tifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. 【 B5】 It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources and to social science historians who equate their activities with specific techniques. 一、 Se
9、ction IV Writing (35 minutes) 6 We all have the experience of visiting bookstores and buying books. How do you feel about it? Your class is planning a wall paper and you are asked to write your experience with buying books. Your essay should include: 1) your general idea about buying books and; 2) a
10、 specific account of buying one of your favorite books. You should write 160 - 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 国家公共英语四级（综合）练习试卷 23答案与解析 Part D Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2
11、. 【知识模块】 Literature and Art 1 【正确答案】 历史的定义几乎同历史学家一样多，而现代实践与一种定义最接近，即将历史看做是对过去重大事件的再现和解释。 【知识模块】 Literature and Art 2 【正确答案】 对历史研究方法感兴趣主要不是由于外界怀疑历史作为一门学科的正确性，而是源自历史学 家本身的内部争吵。 【知识模块】 Literature and Art 3 【正确答案】 在这种转变过程中，用于解释历史新证据的新方法在历史研究上补充了传统的历史研究方法。 【知识模块】 Literature and Art 4 【正确答案】 历史研究的方法论究竟是指一
12、般历史研究所特有的概念，还是指适合于研究历史多个分支的研究技术，人们对此没有一致的看法。 【知识模块】 Literature and Art 5 【正确答案】 这种现象在传统历史学家中存在，同样也存在于社科历史学 家中。传统历史学家将历史视为是史学界内外人士对各资料来源的批评，社科历史学家则把自己的研究活动等同于具体的研究技术。 【知识模块】 Literature and Art 一、 Section IV Writing (35 minutes) 6 【正确答案】 On Buying Books Though they have a limited purse, students love
13、visiting bookshops browsing and buying, and I am no exception. Buying books is a pleasant experience for me. The mere touch, or smell of a new book from the shelf of a bookstore is very nice. What delights me most is that there are occasions when I find the very book I have been thinking to buy in t
14、he least likely place. I used to believe that one cant buy anything of value in a second hand book market until one incident changed my opinion. I happened to be in a used-book market. A while later I saw some books of my taste. But it was the seller ( a graduate student) who made me realize that se
15、cond-hand book market is a valuable source. He said that he wanted to sell those books because they were his past that he desired to forget. His words touched me and I gave the market a search and bought a copy that I had been seeking for a long lime. It was published in the 70s, the price being unbelievably attractive. Since then, I would visit a second hand book market if there is a chance. In fact, buying books itself is enjoyable, let alone the reading. 【知识模块】 Literature and Art
