1、国家公共英语（三级）笔试模拟试卷 222及答案与解析 Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 Every body gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives until, finally, some attack on the body brings
2、 our existence to an end. Fortunately, most of us in modern industrialized societies can take relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact, we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciat
3、e the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset, one for which we might readily give up such rewards as power, wealth, or fame (荣誉 ). Because ill health is a universal problem, affecting both the individual and society, the human response to sickness is always socially organized. No socie
4、ty leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating ill health entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated. Around this focus there arises, over time, a n
5、umber of standards, values, groups, statuses, and roles: in other words, an institution (体系 ,机构 ). To the sociologist (社会学家 ) , then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease. In the simplest pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect
6、 of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness are very elementary, often involving only two roles: the sick and the healer (治疗者 ). The latter is typically also the priest (牧师 ), who relies primarily on religious ceremonies, both to identify and to treat disease; for example, bones
7、may be thrown to establish a cause, songs may be used to bring about a cure. In modern industrialized societies, on the other hand, the institution has become highly complicated and specialized, including dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon, druggist, hospital administrator, linked with v
8、arious organizations such as nursing homes, insurance companies, and medical schools. Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society. 1 Which of the following statements is tru
9、e according to Paragraph 1? （ A） Nowadays most people believe they can have fairly good health. （ B） Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering. （ C） Most of us are aware of the full value of health. （ D） Ancient people believed that health was more expensive than anything else. 2 The wo
10、rd “authorize“ in Paragraph 2 means “_“. （ A） make way for （ B） give power to （ C） write an order for （ D） make it possible for 3 In Paragraph 2, we learn that the sociologist regards medicine as_. （ A） a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep people healthy （ B） a universal problem that
11、affects every society （ C） a social responsibility to treat ill health （ D） a science that focuses on the treatment of disease 4 According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true? （ A） In the past, bones might be used to decide why people fell ill. （ B） In pre-industrial societies priests
12、 sometimes treated patients by singing. （ C） Modern medicine is so complicated that sociology no longer has a place in it. （ D） There were only two roles in an elementary medical system, the patient and the one who tried to cure him. 5 The author of this passage is mainly concerned with_. （ A） socio
13、logical aspects in medicine （ B） medical treatment of diseases （ C） the development of medical science （ D） the role of religion in medicine 国家公共英语（三级）笔试模拟试卷 222答案与解析 Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on A
14、NSWER SHEET 1. 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据原文 Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives可知 B为正确。 A项中 fairly(相当地 )与原文 relatively(相对地 )矛盾。 C项与原文we tend to fullyrealize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriouslyill(只有在我们自已或与自己亲近的人得了重病的时候我们才充分意识到健康的重要性 )相矛盾。 the
15、 ancient truth that health is our most precious asset意为 “那条古老的真理：健康是最宝贵的财富 ”，并不是说古代的人们认为健康比其他东西更花钱，因此 C错。 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据上下文可知 authorize意为 “授权 ”，即 give power to； A、C、 D项的意义与整个句意不符。 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 根据原文 To the sociologist， then， medicine is the institution concerned with themaintenance of heal
16、th and treatment of disease可知， “对社会学家来说，医疗就是负责维护健康和治疗疾病的体系 (institution或 system)”，而不仅仅是一种社会责任 (social responsibility)或科学 (science)，因此 A正确， C、D错误。原文中并没有说社会学家把 medicine看成是 ill health is universal problem，因此 B错误。 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据原文 bones may be thrown to establish a cause， songs may be used to brin
17、g about a cure可知 A、 B陈述无误。又根据 The social arrangements for dealing withsickness are very elementary， often involving only two roles： the sick and the healer可知 D陈述无误。又根据 Medicine， in fact，has become the subject of intense sociologicalinterest(医疗已经成为社会学家深感兴趣的领域 )可知 C陈述有误。因此选 C。 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本文第一段讲疾病的不可避免和健康的重要性 ；第二段讲医疗的社会属性 (sociological aspects)；第三段讲医疗的现代化，也提到了它与社会学(sociology)的联系，因此 A为最佳答案。 B、 C、 D项都过于片面。
