1、国家公共英语(三级)笔试模拟试卷 233及答案与解析 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally
2、taught in schools and to non-native speakers leaning the language. It is also the variety which is normally 26 by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other 27 situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has 28 in principle to do with differences betwe
3、en formal and colloquial 29 ; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants. 30 , the standard variety of English is based on the London 31 of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one 32
4、by the educated, and it was developed and promoted 33 a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the 34 that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, 35 Eng-lish is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are 36 the sam
5、e everywhere in the world where English is used; 37 among local standards is really quite minor, 38 the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very 39 differ-ent from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are 40 . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a treme
6、ndous 41 on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have 42 much of their vigor (活力 ) and there is considerable pressure on them to be 43 This latter situation is not unique 44 English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization
7、 are 45 But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational (跨国的 ) ones. ( A) said ( B) told ( C) talked ( D) spoken ( A) same ( B) similar ( C) equal ( D) identical ( A) anything ( B) something ( C) nothing (
8、D) everything ( A) language ( B) vocabulary ( C) idioms ( D) words ( A) Surprisingly ( B) Historically ( C) Interestingly ( D) Generally ( A) accent ( B) pronunciation ( C) spelling ( D) dialect ( A) preferred ( B) learned ( C) praised ( D) created ( A) to ( B) in ( C) as ( D) for ( A) basis ( B) no
9、rm ( C) rule ( D) variety ( A) formal ( B) colloquial ( C) non-standard ( D) standard ( A) not ( B) very ( C) much ( D) hardly ( A) variation ( B) standardization ( C) unification ( D) transformation ( A) therefore ( B) but ( C) so that ( D) nevertheless ( A) great ( B) much ( C) no ( D) little ( A)
10、 talked ( B) concerned ( C) mentioned ( D) involved ( A) press ( B) pressure ( C) power ( D) force ( A) lost ( B) gained ( C) missed ( D) got ( A) abandoned ( B) changed ( C) standardized ( D) reformed ( A) in ( B) of ( C) for ( D) to ( A) in the way ( B) under way ( C) out of the way ( D) all the w
11、ay Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primari
12、ly sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain c
13、hemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the polluti
14、on problem. There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes “prior to“disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of th
15、e water or minimize pollution upon final disposal. A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrie
16、nts contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable by-products. Other industries are exploring potential economic uses fo
17、r their waste products. 21 The purpose of this passage is_. ( A) to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems ( B) to alert the reader to the dwindling water supply ( C) to explain industrial uses of water ( D) to demonstrate various measures to solve the pollution problem 22 Which of the fo
18、llowing points is NOT included in the passage? ( A) Diluting wastes needs a certain amount of water. ( B) Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population. ( C) Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals. ( D) Industrial development includes the simplification of
19、complex chemical processes. 23 The reader can conclude that_. ( A) countries of the world will work together on pollution problems ( B) some industries are now making economic use of liquid wastes ( C) by-products from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace ( D) science is making great progres
20、s in increasing water supplies 24 The author gives substance to the passage through the use of_. ( A) interviews with authorities in the field of water controls ( B) definitions which clarify important terms ( C) opinions and personal observations ( D) strong arguments and persuasions 25 The words“p
21、rior to “(Para. 2)probably mean_. ( A) during ( B) before ( C) after ( D) beyond 国家公共英语(三级)笔试模拟试卷 233答案与解析 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】
22、此题属于语义搭配题。 speak意为 “说话 ”,着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般为不及物动词,在作为及物动词时,宾语只能是语言 (如Chinese English)、真话 (truth)等少数的词,不能接 that引导的名词性从句,例如: I have heard him speak of you原句出现的宾语 English说 明,此处选项Dspoken正确。选项 Asay意为 “说出,说道 ”,着重所说的话,用直接引语时只能用 say,例如: (1)He said little that we didnt know yet (2)He said, “I dont know what
23、happened ”选项 Btell意为 “告诉 ”,兼有嘱托,命令之意,除了较少的情况,如 tell the truth a lie之外,一般后面接双宾语, tell sb sth to dosth或 tell sb about sth例如: She told me to wait for her选项 Ctalk与speak意思相近,一般也用作不及物动词;用作及物动词时,宾语只能是某国语言, nonsense等词,但 talk含有 “话是对某人说的 ”意思,有较强的对答、讨论意味,例如: He went on talking fora long time, but he spoke so f
24、ast that few of us could catch what he said 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 similar意为 “类似的,想像的,不是同一的 ”,例如: The twohouses are very similar in appearance原句谈及标准英语使用的情况或场合,由 other一词可知这种场合不是与 news broadcasts一样的场合,而是相似的场合,故选项 Bsimilar正确,选项 Asame意为 “相同的,指同一的 ”,例如: The same mistake occurs threetimes in the par
25、agraph在这一段中同样的错误出现了三次。选项 Cequal意为 “(指事物在数量 价值方面 )相等的,平等的,胜任的 ”,例如: (1)We divided the cake into three equal parts (2)He was equal to the occasion他能应付这场面。选项 Didentical意为 “同一的,完全相同的 ”,例如: (1)Its the identical coat which was stolen from me (2)The tests are identical to those carried out last year全句可译为:它
26、通 常指用于印刷品的书面英语,在学校里所教授的英语。它也指那些受过教育的人所使用的英语。标准英语也常常用于新闻广播或其他类似的场合。 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此题属于词语搭配题。 have sth nothing to do with意为 “与 有 (无 )关 ”,例如: It had nothing to do with the committees decision根据原文的意思,标准英语与非标准英语的差别是否与正式语言和口头语言的差别有关,由下文,标准英语既有正式语言也有口语,因此,从原 则上来说,二者没有关系,故选项 Cnothing正确。其他选项: Aanything,
27、Bsomething和 Deverything均与句意不符。 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题属于语义搭配题。 language意为 “语言 ”,此处缺一个名词。下面解释的句子中用到了 variants一词,只有 language一词与之范围相当。故选项Alanguage正确。其他选项: Bvocabulary(词汇 ); Cidioms(成语 );Dwords(单词 )都属于 variants的从 属概念。全句可译为: (我们 )应该注意到,标准英语与非标准英语之间的区别原则上并非是正式语言与口语的区别。标准英语既有书面语又有口语。 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭
28、配题。 historically意为 “在历史上 ”,根据上下文意思,前面谈的是标准英语是什么,下文谈到标准英语 的起源,故选项BHistorically正确。选项 ASurprisingly意为 “令人吃惊地 ”;选项CInterestingly意为 “令人感到有趣的是 ”;选项 DGenerally意为 “一般地,通常 ”,例如: Generally, he doesnt take medicine, but sometimeshe does又如:Its generally believed that( 人们普遍认为 ) 。 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 dia
29、lect意为 “方言 ”,属于一种语言形式,根据下文出现 thisdialect一词,可知此处指伦敦方言,故选项 Ddialect正确。选项Aaccent(口音 );选项 Bpronunciation(发音 );选项 Cspelling(拼写 ),都是属于语言的内容,故不符合题意。全句可译为:就标准英语的发展来说,它是建立在伦敦方言的基础上的。诺曼底征服后,宫廷从温切斯特搬到伦敦,伦敦方言不断发展。 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 prefer意为 “比较喜欢 ”,例如: He prefers to work alone根据上下文的意思,上文谈到标准英语从伦敦方言发展
30、而来,而受过教育的人们使用的是标准英语,那么,伦敦英语肯定曾经受过这些人青睐(prefer),喜欢该语言并喜欢使用它,故选项 Apreferred正确。选项Blearned(学习的 );选项 Cpraised(赞扬的 ),没有体现出人们爱用伦敦方言的意味;选项 Dcreated(创造的 ),伦敦方言并不是由受过教育的人创造出来的。 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此题属于语法题。 as意为 “成为 ”,根据句子意思:这种方言 逐渐发展,成为了一种标准,故选项 Cas正确。其他选项 ;Ato; Bin; Dfor均不符题意。全句可译为:伦敦方言得到了那些受过教育的人的青睐。对于社会上越来越多
31、的人来说,它已经发展成为一种标准。 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 norm意为 “标准 ”,例如; One child per family is becomingthe norm in some countries根据上下文,前面谈到伦敦方言已经发展成为一种标准 (norm),下文提及正是这个 norm漂洋 过海,传到海外,因此选项 Bnorm正确。其他选项: Abasis(基础 ) Crule(规则 ); Dvariety(变体 )均不合题意。伦敦英语是英语的一种变体,但这种变体已发展成为一种标准,传到海外的是这一标准。全句可译为:这种标准后来漂洋过海,传到了海
32、外。但在传播过程中它并非一成不变。 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 standard意为 “标准 (的 )”,根据文章内容,所谈论的都是 standard English,因此选项 Dstandard正确。其他选项:Aformal(正式的 ); Bcolloquial(口语的,口语体 );Cnonstandard(非标准的 ),均不符题意。 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此题属于词语搭配题。 much the same意为 “差不多,几乎一样 ”,例如: The patientis much the same根据原文句意:世界各地所用的语法和词汇基本相同,故
33、选项 Cmuch正确。选项 Anot(不 ),表示否定意味,与题意不符;选项 Bvery不与 same连用;选项 Dhardly(几乎不 ),与题 意相反。 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 variation意为 “变化 ”,如生物学中的变种,音乐上的变调。例如: (1)The same story was told, with slight variations, of many legendary heroes (2)The variations of temperature in that district are very great同源名词 variety
34、意为 “不可数名词 多样性; 可数名词 同类的不同品种 ”,例如 : There are numerous varietiesof peonies(牡丹 )。又如: the tremendous variety of the themes;根据上下文,前文谈到世界各地所用的语法及词汇基本相同,各地之间的差异就应该很小,此处差异即 Avariation。选项Bstandardization(标准化 ),与下文的 minor搭配不当;选项 Cunification意为“联合,统一 ”,不合题意,例如: The traffic laws of the different states need un
35、ification选项 Dtransformation意为 “转变 ”,原指形式的改变,引申为性质、特点的改变,例如: the social and political transformation of a country,用在语言学里,指句子结构的转换,与题意不符。 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此题属于语法题。 so that为组合连词,连接结果状语从句,根据句子意思,前半句讲地区差异很少,下半句讲新加坡、南非等地的英语差别不大,是前半句的结果,故选项 Cso that正确。选项 EAtherefore副词,连接因果状语从句,例如: Those people havetheir
36、umbrellas up; therefore, it must be raining选项 Bbut(但是 )和选项 Dnevertheless(然而 )均连接转折状语从句,例如: He was very tired, nevertheless he kept working. 14 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。此题需填一个表示差别大小的副词,根据上下文意思:语言变体的 差别很小,故选项 Dlittle正确。其他选项: Agreat,Bmuch和 Cno均不符合题意。 15 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题属于词语搭配题。 as far asbe concerned
37、 意为 “就 而言 ”,例如: As far as Iam concerned, l cannot object to your decision此题属固定搭配,故选项 Bconcerned正确。选项 Atalked(谈论 ),不符合题意;选项Cmentioned意为 “提到 ”,例如: Hecasually mentioned that he was leaving his job选项 Dinvolved意为 “涉及,卷入,牵涉 ”,常与 in with搭配,例如:(1)The four men were all involved in organizing and carrying out
38、 the murders (2)Winning the game involves both skill and fortune (想赢这场比赛,既要技巧也要运气。 )全句可译为:现在,在使用英语的地方,标准英语 已经达到了语法和词汇基本相同的程度,各地之间的差异很小。因此,就语法和词汇而言,新加坡、南非以及爱尔兰的英语并没有什么不同。 16 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题属于词语搭配题。 exert pressure on意为 “施加压力 ”,根据句子意思:标准英语太强大,以至于对地方英语产生极大的影响,亦即施加压力,另外下文也出现 pressure一词,故选项 Bpressure正确
39、。其他选项: Apress(强迫 ), Cpower(力量 )和 Dforce(力量 ),均不符题意。 17 【正确答 案】 A 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 lose ones vigor意为 “失去活力 ”,根据句子意思:地方英语受到标准英语的影响,许多使用很久的方言失去了活力,故选项Alost正确。选项 Bgained(获得 )和选项 Dgot与句意不符;选项 Cmissed意为“错失 (因各种原因 )”,例如: I hate missing the beginning of a film 18 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 standardize意为 “标
40、准化 ”,根据上下文的意思可知:那些使用很久的方言 (有特点的地方性语言 )失去了活力,并面临着被标准化的压力,故选项 Cstandardized正确。选项 Aabandoned意为 “被遗弃的,放弃的 ”,例如: The village hadalready been abandoned又如: abandon ones attempt to do(放弃某人的努力去做 );选项 Bchanged意为 “改变 ”;选项Dreformed意为 “变革 ”,有变化之意,但用在此处不够准确。全句可译为:事实上,标准英语非常强大。它对于英语的所有 地方变体都有着巨大的影响,以至于英格兰一些形成已久的方言
41、也丧失了活力并且面临着被标准化的巨大压力。 19 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此题属于词语搭配题。 be unique to意为 “独一无二的 ”,例如:None of these socialproblems is unique to this country其他选项: Ain, Bof和Cfor均不符合题意。 20 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 under way意为 “在进行中 ”,例如: We have several projectsunder way根据原文意思,在标准化进程实行的过程中,故选项 Bunder way正确。选项 Ain the way意为
42、 “挡道的,妨碍人的 ”,例如: If youre going to help, at least dontget in the way选项 Cout of the way意为 “不挡道,得到解决的 ”,例如: While the fightwas going on, he tried to keep out of the way选项 D all the way意为 “一直,完全地 ”,例如: I ran all the way to the office另外与 way连用的常见短语有: by the way(顺带地 ); find ones way(设法到达 ); in a way(在某种程
43、度上 ); in no way(绝不 ); make way(让路 ); one way or another(用某种方法 ); give way(让步,屈服 ); on the way out(行将过时的 ); see ones clear way to do doing sth (愿意做某事 )。全句可译为:后者的情况不仅仅发生在英国。在别的一些正在进行英语标准化的国家也存在这种情况。 Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B,
44、C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 21 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第一段第一句是本文的主题句,指出污染问题的严重性,接着作者阐明了主题 句所点出的主旨。第一段最后一句是本段的结论句,指出必须立即采取严厉的措施来解决水的污染问题。所以,正确答案非 A莫属。 22 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从所给的选择项看, A, B, C在第一段中都已从不同角度提到,惟有 D没有提到。 23 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第三段最后两句均阐述某些正在从经济上利用废水。 24 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题题干可译为:作者通过使用 来阐述本文的基本内容。本文共 3段,每段的段首句均为作者的观点,然后紧接段首 句提出观察报告。所以,本题的答案应为 C。 25 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 prior to(=before)在 以前。