1、国家公共英语（三级）笔试模拟试卷 255及答案与解析 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 Children learn almost nothing from television, and the more they watch the less they remember. T
2、hey regard television purely 26 entertainment, resent programs that 27 on them and are surprised that anybody should 28 the medium seriously. Far from being over-excited by programs, they are mildly 29 with the whole thing. These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television.
3、The author Cardiac Cullingford 30 that the modern child is a 31 viewer. The study suggests that there is little 32 in the later hours. All 11-year-olds have watched programs after midnight. Apart from the obvious waste of time 33 , it seems that all this viewing has little effect. Cullingford says t
4、hat children can recall few details. They can remember exactly which programs they have seen but they can 34 explain the elements of a particular plot. Recall was in “ 35 proportion to the amount they had watched. “ It is precisely because television, 36 a teacher, demands so little attention and re
5、sponse 37 children like it, argues Cullingford. Programs seeking to 38 serious messages are strongly disliked. 39 people who frequently talk on screen. What children like most are the advertisements. They see them as short programs 40 their own right and particularly enjoy humorous presentation. But
6、 again, they 41 strongly against high-pressure advertisements that attempt openly to 42 them. On the other hand, they are not 43 involved in the programs. If they admire the stars, it is because the actors lead glamorous lives and earn a lot of money, 44 their fictional skills with fast cars and sho
7、oting villains. They are perfectly 45 the functions of advertisements. And says Cullingford, educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information. （ A） like （ B） as （ C） for （ D） at （ A） call （ B） comment （ C） work （ D） demand （ A） adjust （ B） restrict （ C
8、） take （ D） select （ A） acquainted （ B） gratified （ C） infected （ D） bored （ A） conforms （ B） confirms （ C） refutes （ D） confesses （ A） dedicated （ B） sincere （ C） preoccupied （ D） choosy （ A） intention （ B） faith （ C） perfection （ D） point （ A） revolved （ B） involved （ C） revived （ D） resolved （ A）
9、 rarely （ B） fully （ C） abundantly （ D） fairly （ A） diverse （ B） reverse （ C） immerse （ D） direct （ A） unlikely （ B） like （ C） unlike （ D） dislike （ A） whether （ B） that （ C） which （ D） why （ A） put over （ B） take over （ C） see over （ D） carry over （ A） There are （ B） So are （ C） They are （ D） Those
10、 are （ A） in （ B） among （ C） with （ D） through （ A） proceed （ B） react （ C） discriminate （ D） weigh （ A） influence （ B） influencing （ C） influenced （ D） have influenced （ A） facilely （ B） emotionally （ C） intellectually （ D） indifferently （ A） partly because （ B） mainly because （ C） not because （ D）
11、 not because of （ A） clear about （ B） clear of （ C） clear away （ D） clear up Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Every body gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our l
12、ives until, finally, some attack on the body brings our existence to an end. Fortunately, most of us in modern industrialized societies can take relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact, we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us beco
13、me seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciate the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset, one for which we might readily give up such rewards as power, wealth, or fame (荣誉 ). Because ill health is a universal problem, affecting both the individual and society, the human response
14、 to sickness is always socially organized. No society leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating ill health entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be trea
15、ted. Around this focus there arises, over time, a number of standards, values, groups, statuses, and roles: in other words, an institution (体系 ,机构 ). To the sociologist (社会学家 ) , then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease. In the simplest pre-
16、industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness are very elementary, often involving only two roles: the sick and the healer (治疗者 ). The latter is typically also the priest (牧师 ), who relies primarily on religious ceremonies, both to
17、 identify and to treat disease; for example, bones may be thrown to establish a cause, songs may be used to bring about a cure. In modern industrialized societies, on the other hand, the institution has become highly complicated and specialized, including dozens of roles such as those of brain surge
18、on, druggist, hospital administrator, linked with various organizations such as nursing homes, insurance companies, and medical schools. Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern
19、society. 21 Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 1? （ A） Nowadays most people believe they can have fairly good health. （ B） Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering. （ C） Most of us are aware of the full value of health. （ D） Ancient people believed that he
20、alth was more expensive than anything else. 22 The word “authorize“ in Paragraph 2 means “_“. （ A） make way for （ B） give power to （ C） write an order for （ D） make it possible for 23 In Paragraph 2, we learn that the sociologist regards medicine as_. （ A） a system whose purpose is to treat disease
21、and keep people healthy （ B） a universal problem that affects every society （ C） a social responsibility to treat ill health （ D） a science that focuses on the treatment of disease 24 According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true? （ A） In the past, bones might be used to decide why pe
22、ople fell ill. （ B） In pre-industrial societies priests sometimes treated patients by singing. （ C） Modern medicine is so complicated that sociology no longer has a place in it. （ D） There were only two roles in an elementary medical system, the patient and the one who tried to cure him. 25 The auth
23、or of this passage is mainly concerned with_. （ A） sociological aspects in medicine （ B） medical treatment of diseases （ C） the development of medical science （ D） the role of religion in medicine 25 Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon(大峡谷 )， gazing across this giant would in the Earths surface,
24、 a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsing (震动 ). In fact, the events that produced the canyon, far from being sudden and catastrophic, simply add up to the slow and orderly process of erosion. Many millions of years ago, the Colorado Plateau in the Grand Cany
25、on area contained 1000 more feet of rock than it does today and was relatively level. The additional material consisted of some 14 layered formations of rock. In the Grand Canyon region these layers were largely worn away over the course of millions of years. Approximately 65 million years ago the p
26、lateaus flat surface in the Grand Canyon area bulged upward from internal pressure, geologists refer to this bulging actions upwading(弯 曲上升 ); it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Colorado Plateau, a process that is still going on. As the plateau gradually rose, shallow rivers that wi
27、nded across it began to run more swiftly and cut more definite courses. One of these rivers, located east of the upward, was the ancestor of the Colorado. Another river system, called the Hualapai, flowing west of the upward, extended itself eastward by cutting back into the upward, it eventually co
28、nnected with the ancient Colorado and captured its waters. The new river then began to carve out the 277-mile-long trench that eventually became the Grand Canyon. Geologists estimate that this initial cutting action began no earlier than 10 million years ago. Since then, the Canyon forming has been
29、cumulative. To the corrosive force of the river itself have been added other factors. Heat and cold, rain and snow, along with the varying resistance of the rocks, increase the opportunities for erosions. the Canyon walls crumble, the river acquires a cutting tool. Tons of debris, rainfall running o
30、ff the high plateau creates feeder streams that carve side canyons. Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues. 26 The passage mainly discusses_. （ A） patterns of erosion in different mountain ranges （ B） forces that made the Gra
31、nd Canyon （ C） the increasing pollution of the Colorado River （ D） the sudden appearance of the Grand Canyon 27 The word“wound“(Line 2, Para. 1)indicates that_. （ A） it was caused by some ancient convulsion （ B） its presence is an embarrassment to the state of Colorado （ C） it looks like an injury o
32、n the Earths surface （ D） it has caused many visitors to injure themselves 28 According to the passage how many miles long was the trench that became known as the Grand Canyon? （ A） 10 100. （ B） 277. （ C） 14. （ D） 10. 29 It can be concluded from this passage about the Grand Canyon that_. （ A） its sh
33、apes are constantly changing （ B） it contains approximately 14 million tons of rock （ C） its eruptions have increased in recent years （ D） it is being eroded by toxic waste and pollutants 30 The passage would most likely be found in a texbook on which of the following subjects? （ A） Astronomy. （ B）
34、Botany(植物学 ). （ C） Geology. （ D） Chemistry. 国家公共英语（三级）笔试模拟试卷 255答案与解析 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 regardas 意为 “把 看作 ”，其他选项：A
35、like， Cfor和 Dat均与题意不符。 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 demand意为 “要求 (出力等 )”，如： This is a demanding job根据上下文的意思：小孩讨厌那些要他们费神的节目，故选项 D demand正确。其他选项都可与 on连用，但意思不符： Acall(on)意为 “号召 ”，call on sb for sth； Bcomment(on)意为 “评价，批评 ”； Cwork(on)意为 “工作 ”，强调一种持续的概念，如 work onsth等。 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭 配题。 take s
36、th seriously意为 “对某事认真 ”，根据本句的意思，孩子们对有人会拿电视当真感到意外，此处用 take与 seriously连用，意为 “严肃地对待某事 ”。选项 Aadjust意为 “调整，调节 ”；选项 Brestrict意为 “限制 ”；选项 Dselect意为 “精心选择 ”。 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 be bored with 意为 “对 感到厌烦 ”，由句中的 Far frombeing overexcited可知，孩子们一点也不因为节目好而激 动万分，反而是对所有的事情感到厌烦，故选项 Dbored正确。选项Aacquainted(w
37、ith)意为 “知道 ”；选项 Bgratified(with)意为 “满意 ”；选项Cinfected(with)意为 “受到感染 ”，如： They are infectedwith his high spirits均不符合题意。全句可译为：他们一点也不因为节目好而激动万分，而是对所有的事情感到厌烦。 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 confirm意为 “证实 ”，根据上下文，儿童与电视的关系是一项研究的内容，其研究者发表的文章当然是证实其观点，故选项Bconfirms正确。选项 Aconforms to意为 “与 一致 ”，属形近词；选项Crefutes意为 “
38、驳斥 ”；选项 Dconfesses意为 “承认 (罪行，失败，过错等 )”。 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 dedicated意为 “热忱的，投注全副精神的 ”，根据下文：儿童在午夜后都曾看过电视，更别提在白天了，故儿童是热衷于看电视的，因此是 a dedicatedviewer，故选项 Adedicated正确。选项 Bsincere意为 “真诚的，言语行为表里如一的 ”；选项 Cpreoccupied意为 “心不在焉的 ”；选项 Dchoosy意为 “挑剔的 ”。全句可译为：作者卡犹埃克 卡林福德证实了当今的小孩是电视的忠实观众。 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题
39、解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 point此处意为 “用处 ”，文中提到有人提出把儿童不宜的节目放到晚上九十点钟以后 (later hour)，但孩子们是忠实观众，所有的儿童都在午夜以后看过电视，因此这种做法没有什么意义，故选项 Dpoint正确。选项 Aintention(打算 )；选项 Bfaith(忠诚 )；选项 Cperfection(完美 )，均与句意不符。全句可译为：把一些儿童不宜的节目安排在晚上九十点钟以后的做法没多大意义。 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 involved意为 “与 有密切关系的 ”，在此处作后置定语修饰 theobvious waste
40、 of time，意为 “看电视除了明显地浪费时间之外 ”，同时下文也出现了 involved一词，故选项 Binvolved正确。选项 Arevolved为不及物动词，意为 “使旋转 ”；选项 Crevived意为 “复苏 ”；选项 Dresolved意为 “下定决心 ”。全句可译为：看电视除了明显地浪费时间之外，似乎所有这些观看活动都没什么用处。 9 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 rarely=not often意为 “很少，难得 ”，如：Rarely have Iheard such a strange story根据原文句意：儿童看完电视后很少能回想起细节内容，
41、因此他们往往不能解释特定情节的要点，因此用选项 Ararely符合题意。其他选项： Bfully， Cabundantly和 Dfairly均与句意不符。全句可译为：卡福林德说。孩子们看完电视后很少能回想起什么细节内容。他们能记得看过的是什么节目，却不能解释特定情节的要点。 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 reverse(inverse)与 proportion连用，意为“反比关系 ”，根据句意：儿童看电视多 (a dedicated viewer)，但却记不起细节内容(recall few details)，由此可见，记忆与看电 视的时间成反比关系，故选项Brev
42、erse正确。选项 Adiverse意为 “多种多样的 ”；选项 Cimmerse动词，意为“沉浸在 ”，例如： immerse oneself in work；选项 Ddirect(proportion)意为 “正比(关系 )”。全句可译为：回忆与看电视的数量是成反比的。 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此题属于语篇连接题。 unlike是介词，意为 “不像 ”，文中需要一个介词与 teacher连用，根据句意：儿童喜欢看电视是因为电视不像老师，它对小孩不做要求，故 选项 Cunlike正确。 Aunlikely意为 “不太可能的 ”，不符合题意；Clike(像 )，与句意相反； Dd
43、islike动词，意为 “不喜欢 ”，词性不符。 12 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题属于语法题。 demand so littlethat 意为 “要求得如此之少，以至于 ” ，属结果状语从句，选项 Awhether(是否 )，引导宾语从句；选项Cwhich引导定语从句；选项 Dwhy引导原因状语从句。全句可译为：卡林福德说，正是因为电视不像老师，它对小孩是否集中注意力 和做出反应没有要求，所以孩子们才喜欢它。 13 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此题属于词语搭配题。 put over=put across意为 “解释说明 ”，此处需一个短语动词与 messages连用，故选项 Ap
44、ut over正确。选项 Btake over意为 “接管 ”；选项 Csee over=examine意为 “仔细检查 ”；选项 Dcarry over意为 “延期 ”，如： The committeeagreed to carry over its discussion to the next meeting全句可译为：试图传达严肃信息的节目特别不受欢迎。 14 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题属于语篇连接题。 so放在句首，后面接 be， have， do等助动词，再接主语，意为 “同样地 ”，如： I enjoyed the book and so did my sister根据上
45、下文，上文谈到儿童特讨厌严肃的节目 (Programsare strongly disliked )，此句仍然谈及儿童讨厌的内容，即那些在屏幕上喋喋不休的人们，故用选项 B So are连接，语篇完整。其他选 项： AThereare， CThey are和 DThose are均不符题意。全句可译为：在屏幕上喋喋不休的人也同样不受欢迎。 15 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 in ones own right意为 “凭自己的权力，独立地 ”， in theirown right在此作状语，故选项 Ain正确。其他选项： Bamong，Cwith和 Dthrough搭配不
46、当。全句可译为：孩子们把广告看作独立短小的节目，尤其喜欢幽默的表演， 16 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 reactagainst 意为 “反对 ”，此处意为儿童们虽喜欢幽默的广告，但对于有些广告特别反感，故选项 Breact符合题意。选项Aproceed(against) 意为 “控诉 ”；选项 Cdiscriminate(against)意为 “歧视 ”；选项Dweigh(against)意为 “对 不利 ”，如： The test will weigh against him (这次测试对他不利。 ) 17 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此题属于语法题。此处需动
47、词原 形与 attempt连用， attempt to do sth，因此选项 Ainfluence正确。其他选项： Binfluencing现在分词；Cinfluenced过去分词； Dhave influenced完成形式，均与题意不符。全句可译为：但是，他们对那些公开试图影响他们的广告特别反感。 18 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 emotionally意为 “感情上的 ”，原文中上文提到，儿童从电视中根本学不到东西，仅仅把它看作是一种娱乐，他们讨厌严肃的节目，可见孩子们 并不喜欢投入自己的情感，下文提及他们对明星的态度，对广告功能的了解也证明了这一点。因此选项
48、Bemotionally符合题意。选项Afacilely意为 “轻易地，顺从地 ”；选项 Cintellectually意为 “理智上 ”；选项Dindifferently意为 “冷漠地 ”。 19 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此题属于语法题。根据句意，谈及儿童们喜欢明星的原因，只有选项 Dnot because of符合逻辑和语法，连接一个名词短语。其他选项： Apartly because， Bmainlybecause和 Cnot because均不符合句意及语法结构。全句可译为：儿童们喜欢明星仅仅是因为他们引领着潮流并能挣很多的钱，而不是因为他们高超的飞车技术和为民除害。 20 【
49、正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此题属于词语搭配题。 be clear about意为 “清楚的，明白的 ”，根据句意和结构，儿童对广告的用意有了完全清楚的认识，故选项 Aclear about与句中的 are连用，表示状态。选项 Bclear of意为 “无罪的，无愧的 ”；选项Cclear away动词短 语，意为 “清除 ”；选项 Dclear up动词短语，意为 “寻找答案，整理完成 ”。全句可译为：他们完全清楚广告的用意。 Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 2
