1、国家公共英语（三级）笔试模拟试卷 286及答案与解析 1 What is the main topic of the talk? （ A） Life in Norway during Viking(海盗 )times. （ B） Different ocean routes taken by the Vikings. （ C） Methods used in Viking navigation. （ D） The importance of migrating geese in Viking navigation. 2 What did the speaker talk about yeste
2、rday? （ A） The construction of Viking ships. （ B） Viking use of the stars in navigation. （ C） Ingenuity and technology in 900 AD. （ D） Landmarks. 3 16 Why didnt the Vikings take the shortest route between Norway and Greenland? （ A） They followed the route of migrating birds instead. （ B） They wanted
3、 to avoid pack-ice. （ C） Along the longer route they could stop at islands. （ D） They followed the path of the stars instead. 4 How were whales helpful to the Vikings? （ A） Their feeding ground could be used by the Vikings as a landmark. （ B） They were a good source of food for the Vikings. （ C） The
4、 Vikings could follow their migratory route to find the landmark. （ D） They helped the Vikings find routes through the ice. 5 Who is the speaker? （ A） A television announcer. （ B） A member of a research team. （ C） A teacher. （ D） A network executive. 6 What is the main purpose of the television? （ A
5、） To present information about several Hawaiian volcanoes. （ B） To explain a research project about an underwater volcano. （ C） To demonstrate the latest use of underwater cables. （ D） To discuss a study of ocean life near underwater Volcamoes. 7 How will information get from the observatory to the
6、mainland? （ A） Geologists will bring it back. （ B） It will be sent back by cable. （ C） It will be sent by mail. （ D） It will be sent back through seismometers(地震仪 ) 8 Why does the speaker recommend watching the program? （ A） Because it is related to work being done in class. （ B） Because she helped
7、produce it. （ C） Because she is excited about it. （ D） Because it is a public television broadcast. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 8 Standard English is the
8、 variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers leaning the language. It is also the variety which is normally 26 by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other 27 situations. The difference between standard and nonstand
9、ard, it should be noted, has 28 in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial 29 ; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants. 30 , the standard variety of English is based on the London 31 of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the remova
10、l of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one 32 by the educated, and it was developed and promoted 33 a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the 34 that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, 35 Eng-lish is arrange
11、d to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are 36 the same everywhere in the world where English is used; 37 among local standards is really quite minor, 38 the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very 39 differ-ent from one another so far as grammar and vocabular
12、y are 40 . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous 41 on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have 42 much of their vigor (活力 ) and there is considerable pressure on them to be 43 This latter situation is not unique 44 Engli
13、sh: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are 45 But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational (跨国的 ) ones. （ A） said （ B） told （ C） talked （ D） spoken （ A） same （ B） simil
14、ar （ C） equal （ D） identical （ A） anything （ B） something （ C） nothing （ D） everything （ A） language （ B） vocabulary （ C） idioms （ D） words （ A） Surprisingly （ B） Historically （ C） Interestingly （ D） Generally （ A） accent （ B） pronunciation （ C） spelling （ D） dialect （ A） preferred （ B） learned （ C）
15、 praised （ D） created （ A） to （ B） in （ C） as （ D） for （ A） basis （ B） norm （ C） rule （ D） variety （ A） formal （ B） colloquial （ C） non-standard （ D） standard （ A） not （ B） very （ C） much （ D） hardly （ A） variation （ B） standardization （ C） unification （ D） transformation （ A） therefore （ B） but （ C
16、） so that （ D） nevertheless （ A） great （ B） much （ C） no （ D） little （ A） talked （ B） concerned （ C） mentioned （ D） involved （ A） press （ B） pressure （ C） power （ D） force （ A） lost （ B） gained （ C） missed （ D） got （ A） abandoned （ B） changed （ C） standardized （ D） reformed （ A） in （ B） of （ C） for
17、（ D） to （ A） in the way （ B） under way （ C） out of the way （ D） all the way Part B Directions: Read the text, match the items (61-65) to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 28 Bess: Do you stifle your anger? Or do you let it explode? In either case, anger
18、 may be your hidden dieting problem. If you smile when a co-worker steals your ideas than spend the evening digging into a bag of chips youre not really fat and happy. Youre secretly angry. Break-free strategy: Anger needs to be evaluated. If the cause of your anger is relatively unimportant and the
19、re is nothing you can do to change the circumstances or the outcome, let it go. It may just save you a few unwanted pounds. Take a ten-minute break when you fell ravenous. Review what happened in the past 10 to 12 hours to upset you. Did your spouse hurt your feeling? Were you playing martyr again?
20、Could you deal with your rage in less fattening ways by exercising， perhaps, or discussing the situation with a friend? Ned： Since white wine is fat-free and has only about 100 calories a glass, its tempting to have a glass or two with a low-fat dinner. But according to a Swiss study reported in the
21、 New England Journal of Medicine, if roughly one-fourth of your daily caloric intake comes from wine, beer or liquor, the alcohol can show your fat metabolism by about 30 percent. In words, while your body is burning alcohol, its not burning fat. Worse, that unmetabolized fat may head straight for y
22、our abdomen. Other studies show that moderate consumption of alcohol before meals can enhance your appetite. Break-free strategy:If your rate of weight loss has stalled, eliminating all alcohol could jump start it again. Winifred: Spend more time outside, even on a cloudy day. An early morning or lu
23、nch time walk-without sun-glasses is ideal. About 75 percent of SAD sufferers get fast relief from special light boxes, which are 5 to 20 times brighter than typical home lighting. Boost your mood with exercise. Try a few laps around the block, dance to your favorite music, or jump cope. Dont fight
24、your cravings. Swiss scientists recently found that SAD suffers who are more than one portion of sweets in the afternoon or evening usually responded to light treatment. Once they got more light, their cravings diminished. Carol ： If you find your motivation coming to a halt, ponder this:What do you
25、 dislike about being svelte? Do you secretly miss pigging out? Are you uneasy about extra attention from the opposite sex? “If you come from a family plagued with weight problems, you may even feel guilty about succeeding where others have failed, “says San Francisco psychiatrist Carla Perez, author
26、 of Getting Off the Merry-Go-Round. Other signs that you dont feel you deserve to be thin;comparing yourself unfavorably to others(“Sure, I lost 50 pounds, but she lost 75“) discounting your victories(“The first 30 pounds mean nothing, only the last five count“); or attributing your success to good
27、luck instead of hard work. Ida: “If you are on the edge of anger, count ONE, TWO, THREE again and again, please. It is helpful for you to calm down. But to those bad-tempered people, it is no use to advise them to keep peaceful. Furthermore, medical care is a good way to deal with angry, “says Profe
28、ssor Ida Smith, a famous psychologist. According to his study, taking medicine is a correct way has good effect on those who cant get rid of angry easily. Statements 61. Carol A One should take medicine in a correct way. 62. Bess B Behavior modification and stress management can also help you live.
29、63. Ida C Be not in anger. 64. Ned D Identify your stress triggers. 65. Winifred E Escape far from alcohol. F Depression doesnt work. G You neednt be red-thin for your diet to be a success. 国家公共英语（三级）笔试模拟试卷 286答案与解析 1 【听力原文】 I spoke yesterday about the construction of ancient Viking ships. Today Id
30、like to discuss the transocean voyages that the Norse made in these open boats-voyages made without compasses or charts. Somehow the Vikings managed to get across the North Atlantic and back home again. Although the shortest distance between the coast of Norway and Greenland is about 900 miles, the
31、Vikings preferred to take a longer route south of Iceland and there-by avoid pack-ice. This was a voyage of well over one thousand miles. How did Norse sailors find land after days of sailing out of sight of land? Well, experienced sailors used the relative position of the stars to help them navigat
32、e. The suns position could also be noted, but it moves across the sky and its position alters a little every day, so it was not easy for the Vikings to use. However, even when out of sight of land,an experienced sailor could find information. As there are landmarks on land, so there are at sea. Whal
33、es gathered in large numbers to feed at an area half a days sail south of Iceland. Migrating birds on their annual flight were also helpful because they always followed the same route. So, geese flying be-tween Britain and Iceland were of particular use to the Vikings. One Icelander also took ravens
34、 with him, releasing them until one day they didnt return. He followed their direction and found land. In 900 AD, ingenuity had to take the place of technology. 1 【正确答案】 C 2 【正确答案】 A 3 【正确答案】 B 4 【正确答案】 A 5 【听力原文】 Id like to talk to you about a television program thats going to be shown tonight, and
35、 that I want you all to watch. It will present work thats currently being done by geologists off the coast of Hawaii. The only active underwater volcano in the U. S. is located there. Its growing and may reach the surface of the ocean in about 50, 000 years not very long from now in geological time.
36、 Anyway, geologists are setting up an unmanned observatory at the top of this volcano, which is located about 70 miles southeast of Hawaii and about 3, 000 feet below the surface of the ocean. They plan to install seismometers, thermal sensors, chemical detectors, video cameras, and other equipment
37、to monitor the volcanos activities. Then theyll hook up an electric cable between the observatory and the mainland so they can receive information electronically from these instruments. Geologists are pretty excited about this project, and I hope you are too. It ties in very nicely with the work wev
38、e been doing in class on volcanoes. Watch the program about it tonight, and be prepared to discuss it tomorrow. 5 【正确答案】 A 6 【正确答案】 B 7 【正确答案】 A 8 【正确答案】 D 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A
39、, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 9 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此题属于 语义搭配题。 speak意为 “说话 ”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般为不及物动词，在作为及物动词时，宾语只能是语言 (如Chinese English)、真话 (truth)等少数的词，不能接 that引导的名词性从句，例如： I have heard him speak of you原句出现的宾语 English说明，此处选项Dspoken正确。选项 Asay意为 “说出，说道 ”，着重所说的话，用直接引语时只能用 say，例如： (1)He said little that
40、 we didnt know yet (2)He said， “I dont know what happened ”选项 Btell意为 “告诉 ”，兼有嘱托，命令之意，除了较少的情况，如 tell the truth a lie之外，一般后面接双宾语， tell sb sth to dosth或 tell sb about sth例如： She told me to wait for her选项 Ctalk与speak意思相近，一般也用作不及物动词；用作及物动词时，宾语只能是某国语言， nonsense等词，但 talk含有 “话是对某人说的 ”意思，有较强的对答、讨论意味，例如： He
41、went on talking fora long time， but he spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he said 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 similar意为 “类似的，想像的，不是同一的 ”，例如： The twohouses are very similar in appearance原句谈及标准英语使用的情况或场合，由 other一词可知这种场合不是与 news broadcasts一样的场合，而是相似的场合，故选项 Bsimilar正确，选项 Asame意为 “相同的，指同一的 ”
42、，例如： The same mistake occurs threetimes in the paragraph在这一段中同样的错误出现了三次。选项 Cequal意为 “(指事物在数量价值方面 )相等的，平等的，胜任的 ”，例如： (1)We divided the cake into three equal parts (2)He was equal to the occasion他能应付这场面。选项 Didentical意为 “同一的，完全相同的 ”，例如： (1)Its the identical coat which was stolen from me (2)The tests ar
43、e identical to those carried out last year全句可译为：它通常指用于印刷品的书面英语，在学校里所教授的英语。它也指那 些受过教育的人所使用的英语。标准英语也常常用于新闻广播或其他类似的场合。 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此题属于词语搭配题。 have sth nothing to do with意为 “与 有 (无 )关 ”，例如： It had nothing to do with the committees decision根据原文的意思，标准英语与非标准英语的差别是否与正式语言和口头语言的差别有关，由下文，标准英语既有正式语言也有口语，
44、因此，从原则上来说，二者没有关系，故选项 Cnothing正确 。其他选项： Aanything， Bsomething和 Deverything均与句意不符。 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题属于语义搭配题。 language意为 “语言 ”，此处缺一个名词。下面解释的句子中用到了 variants一词，只有 language一词与之范围相当。故选项Alanguage正确。其他选项： Bvocabulary(词汇 ); Cidioms(成语 )；Dwords(单词 )都属于 variants的从属概念。全句可译为： (我们 )应该注意到，标准英语与非 标准英语之间的区别原则上并非是
45、正式语言与口语的区别。标准英语既有书面语又有口语。 13 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 historically意为 “在历史上 ”，根据上下文意思，前面谈的是标准英语是什么，下文谈到标准英语的起源，故选项BHistorically正确。选项 ASurprisingly意为 “令人吃惊地 ”；选项CInterestingly意为 “令人感到有趣的是 ”；选项 DGenerally意为 “一般地，通常 ”，例如： Generally， he doesnt take medicine， but sometimeshe does又如：Its generally believe
46、d that( 人们普遍认为 ) 。 14 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 dialect意为 “方言 ”，属于一种语言形式，根据下文出现 thisdialect一词，可知此处指伦敦方言，故选项 Ddialect正确。选项Aaccent(口音 )；选项 Bpronunciation(发音 )；选项 Cspelling(拼写 )，都是属于语言的内容，故不符合题意 。全句可译为：就标准英语的发展来说，它是建立在伦敦方言的基础上的。诺曼底征服后，宫廷从温切斯特搬到伦敦，伦敦方言不断发展。 15 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 prefer意为 “比较喜欢
47、”，例如： He prefers to work alone根据上下文的意思，上文谈到标准英语从伦敦方言发展而来，而受过教育的人们使用的是标准英语，那么，伦敦英语肯定曾经受过这些人青睐(prefer)，喜欢该语言并喜欢使用它，故选项 Apreferred正确。选项Blearned(学习的 )；选项 Cpraised(赞扬的 )，没有体现出人们爱用伦敦方言的意味；选项 Dcreated(创造的 )，伦敦方言并不是由受过教育的人创造出来的。 16 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此题属于语法题。 as意为 “成为 ”，根据句子意思：这种方言逐渐发展，成为了一种标准，故选项 Cas正确。其他选项 ;
48、Ato； Bin； Dfor均不符题意。全句可译为：伦敦方言得到了那些受过教育的人的青睐。对于社会上越来越多的人来说，它已经发展成为一种标准。 17 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 norm意为 “标准 ”，例如； One child per family is becomingthe norm in some countries根据上下文，前面谈到伦敦方言已经发展成为一种标准 (norm)，下文提及正是这个 norm漂洋过海，传到海外，因此选项 Bnorm正确。其他选项： Abasis(基础 ) Crule(规则 )； Dvariety(变体 )均不合题意。伦敦英语是英
49、语的一种变体，但这种变体已发展成为一种标准，传到海外的是这一标准。全句可译为：这种标准后来漂洋过海 ，传到了海外。但在传播过程中它并非一成不变。 18 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此题属于语义搭配题。 standard意为 “标准 (的 )”，根据文章内容，所谈论的都是 standard English，因此选项 Dstandard正确。其他选项：Aformal(正式的 )； Bcolloquial(口语的，口语体 );Cnonstandard(非标准的 )，均不符题意。 19 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此题属于词语搭配题。 much the same意为 “差不多，几乎一样 ”，例 如： The patientis much the same根据原文句意：世界各地所用的语法和词汇基本相同，故选项 Cmuch正确。选项 Anot(不 )，表示否定意味，与题意不符；选项 Bvery不与 sam
