1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 115及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （
2、A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 What are the two
3、 speakers discussing? （ A） How proverbs are created. （ B） Why people dont use proverbs how. （ C） How proverbs are handed down. （ D） Why there are more proverbs in some cultures. 12 Why do the Americans have fewer proverbs now? （ A） They dont have a rich culture. （ B） They find proverbs too simple to
4、 explain things now. （ C） They dont like using proverbs. （ D） They think it unimportant to keep proverbs. 13 Who has a more developed culture according to the speaker? （ A） Mayans. （ B） Arabians. （ C） North American Indians. （ D） British. 14 Why do people always spend more money than planned in supe
5、rmarkets? （ A） The goods are really cheap there. （ B） Supermarkets are attracting them by all means. （ C） There is something wrong with them. （ D） They have no choices but to spend more. 15 What is considered a good supermarket environment? （ A） One in which you feel relaxed and comfortable. （ B） On
6、e that is clean and quiet. （ C） One in which there is background music. （ D） ()ne in which there wide aisle. 16 What is the function of background music? （ A） To cover up the unpleasant noise. （ B） To put people at ease. （ C） To keep people moving. （ D） A,B and C. 17 Which of the following is NOT in
7、cluded in the news headline? （ A） New traffic rates. （ B） A fire at a downtown restaurant. （ C） A welcome end to the city workers strike. （ D） A final score on a basketball game. 18 Who suffered a heavy loss from the fire? （ A） The owner of a restaurant and the adjoining Jones Jewelry Store. （ B） Th
8、e owner of a jewelry store. （ C） The owner of Citizens bank. （ D） Both the owners of a restaurant and a jewelry store. 19 How much were the employees pays raised? （ A） Five cents an hour. （ B） Ten cents an hour. （ C） Fifteen cents an hour. （ D） Twenty cents an hour. 20 Who won the Little League city
9、 championship? （ A） James Johnson. （ B） King Bush. （ C） Tigers. （ D） Pirates. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will
10、hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 30 If youve been on campus for very long, Im certain
11、 that youve already heard about this course. You may know that last semester about fifty (31) _ of the students enrolled in my course failed it. Let me explain how this came (32) _ before you jump to any (33) _. In the first (34) _, since this is a composition class, I expect my students to follow c
12、ertain rules (35) _formality. Unfortunately, students today dislike having to follow rules of any kind, especially those which they may feel to be unnecessary. For (36) _, I ask that each of your papers (37)_typed and centered on the paper correctly. I count off points for various kinds of mistakes.
13、 A misspelled word will cost you 5 points. Youve lost 25 points if youve (38) _ five words. If you write (39) _ incomplete sentence, youve lost 10 points. If you give me two complete sentences as one without adequate punctuation, youve lost 15 points. I do not accept late (40) _. You will receive a
14、zero for any theme which you fail to submit on (41) I expect you to read each assignment. To make certain that you have read the assignment, I (42) _ give you a short unannounced quiz from time to (43) _. This class meets on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. You will have a total of six major tests
15、throughout the (44) _. Your final grade will be based (45) _ an average of these major tests, the pop tests, (46) _ eight written themes. If you have any questions at any time, you can see me on Tuesday. My office is (47) _the second floor of this building. Your (48) _ for Wednesday is to read Hemin
16、gways short story on page 55. Friday will be the last class day of this week, so you can expect to write a short in-class theme for me then. Thats (49) _ for today. Ill (50) _ you on Wednesday. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B
17、, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 50 A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society. It all translates to a fundamental change in the way we work. Already we re partly there. The percentage of people who earn their living by
18、making things has fallen dramatically in the Western world. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan(two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise. More women are in the work force than ever before. There are more part-time j
19、obs. More people are self employed. But the breadth of the economic transformation cant be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the rela
20、tion between individuals and employers of all these are being challenged. We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip, would transform our world thanks to its applica
21、tions in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots. Tomorrow s achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar wave of dramatic changes. But one thing is certain; information and knowledge will become even mo
22、re vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth. Computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write. The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of performing
23、 routine tasks will be valued above all else. If you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information services will be predominant. It will be the way you do your job. 51 A characteristic of the information age is that_. （ A） the service industry is relying more and more on the female work force （ B） manu
24、facturing industries are steadily increasing （ C） people find it harder and harder to earn a living by working in factories （ D） most of the job opportunities can now be found in the service industry 52 One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that_. （ A） the difference bet
25、ween the employee and employer has become insignificant （ B） peoples traditional concepts about work no longer hold true （ C） the importance of high technology has been overlooked （ D） people have to change their jobs from time to time 53 By referring to computers and other inventions, the author me
26、ans to say that_. （ A） people should be able to respond quickly to the advancement of technology （ B） future achievements in technology will bring about inconceivable dramatic changes （ C） the importance of high technology has been overlooked （ D） computer science will play a leading role in the fut
27、ure information services 54 The future will probably belong to those who_. （ A） possess and know how to make use of information （ B） give full play to their brain potential （ C） involve themselves in the service industries （ D） cast their mind ahead instead of looking back 55 Which of the following
28、would be the best title for the passage? （ A） Computers and the Knowledge Society （ B） Service Industries in the Modern Society （ C） Features and Implications of the New Era （ D） Rapid Advancement of Information Technology 55 Managers spend a great deal of their time in meetings. According to Henry
29、Mintzberg, in his book, The Nature of Managerial Work, managers in large organizations spend only 22 per cent of their time on meetings. So what are the managers doing in those meetings? There have conventionally been two answers. The first is the academic version: Managers are coordinating and cont
30、rolling, making decisions, solving problems and planning. This interpretation has been largely discredited because it ignores the social and political forces at work in meetings. The second version claims that meetings provide little more than strategic sites for corporate gladiators to perform befo
31、re the organizational emperors. This perspective is far more attractive, and has given rise to a large, and often humorous, body of literature on gamesmanship and posturing in meetings. It is, of course, true that meeting rooms serve as shop windows for managerial talent, but this is far from the tr
32、uth as a whole. The suggestion that meetings are actually battle grounds is misleading since the feelings of meetings has far more to do with comfort than conflict. Meetings are actually vital props, both for the participants and the organization as a whole. For the organization, meetings represent
33、recording devices. The minutes of meetings catalogue the change of the organization, at all levels, in a more systematic way than do the assorted memos and directives which are scattered about the company. They enshrine the minutes of corporate history, they itemize proposed actions and outcomes in
34、a way which makes one look like the natural culmination of the other. The whole tenor of the minutes is one of total premeditation and implied continuity. They are a sanitized version of reality which suggests a reassuring level of control over events. What is more, the minutes record the debating o
35、f certain issues in an official and democratic forum, so that those not involved in the process can be assured that the decision was not taken lightly. As Dong Bennett, an administrative and financial manager with Allied Breweries, explains: “Time and effort are seen to have been invested in scrutin
36、izing a certain course of action. “ Key individuals are also seen to have put their names behind that particular course of action. The decision can therefore proceed with the full weight of the organization behind it, even if it actually went through “on the nod“. At the same time, the burden of res
37、ponsibility is spread, so that no individual takes the blame. Thus, the public nature of formal meetings confers a degree of legitimacy on what happens in them. Having a view pass unchallenged at a meeting can be taken to indicate consensus. However, meetings also serve as an alibi for action, as de
38、monstrated by one manager who explained to his subordinates: “I did what I could to prevent it I had our objections minutes in two meetings. “ The proof of conspicuous effort was there in black and white. By merely attending meetings, managers buttress their status, while non-attendance can carry wi
39、th it a certain stigma. Whether individual managers intend to make a contribution or not, it is satisfying to be considered one of those whose views matter. Ostracism, for senior managers, is not being invited to meetings. As one cynic observed, meetings are comfortingly tangible: “Who on the shop f
40、loor really believes that managers are working when they tour the works? But assemble them behind closed doors and call it a meeting and everyone will take it for granted that they are hard at work. “ Managers are being seen to earn their corn. Meetings provide managers with another form of comfort
41、too that of formality. Meetings follow a fixed format: Exchanges are ritualized, the participants are probably known in advance, there is often a written agenda, and there is a chance to prepare. Little wonder then, that they come as welcome relief from the upheaval and uncertainty of life outside t
42、he meeting room. Managers can draw further comfort from the realization that their peers are every bit as bemused and fallible as themselves. Meetings provide constant reminders that they share the same problems, preoccupations and anxieties, that they are all in the same boat. And for those who may
43、 be slightly adrift, meetings are ideal occasions for gently pulling them round. As Steve Styles, the process control manager(life services)at Legal it changes as we move about, with the time of day, with the seasons, with new planting, new buildings and with alterations to old ones. Any individual
44、house is just a fragment of this picture, nevertheless it has the power to make or mark the overall scene. In the past people used their creative talents in painting their homes, with great imagination and in varied but always subtly blending colors. The last vestiges of this great tradition can sti
45、ll be seen in the towns of the extreme west of Ireland. It has never been recognized as an art form, partly because of the physical difficulty of hanging a street in a gallery and partly because it is always changing, as paint fades and is renewed. Also it is a communal art which cannot be identifie
46、d with any person, except in those many cases where great artists of the past found inspiration in ordinary street scenes and recorded them in paint. Following the principles of decoration that were so successful in the past, you should first take a long look at the house and its surroundings and co
47、nsider possible limitations. The first concerns the amount of color and intensity in the daylight in Britain. Colors that look perfectly in keeping with the sunny, clear skies of the Mediterranean would look too harsh in the grayer light of the north. Since bright light is uncomfortable for the eyes
48、, colors must be strong in order to be seen clearly. Viewed in a dimmer light they appear too bright. It is easy to see this if you look at a brick house while the sun is alternately shining and then going behind a cloud. The brick work colors look much more intense when the sun is hidden. The secon
49、d limitation is the colors of the surroundings: the colors which go best with Cotswold stone and a rolling green countryside will be different from those that look best by the sea or in a red brick/ blue slate industrial town. In every area there are always colors that at once look in keeping. In many areas there are distinctive traditions in the use of color that may be a useful guide. The eastern countries of England and Scotland, particularly
