1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 138及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （
2、A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 How old is the e
3、arliest surviving examples of Chinese printing? （ A） It was produced before AD 400. （ B） It was produced before AD 200. （ C） It was produced before AD 100. （ D） It was produced before AD 50. 12 In what way is the “flexo“ process considered better than standard printing? （ A） The newspapers remain th
4、in and flexible. （ B） The presses can print larger sheets of paper. （ C） The ink is fast drying and clear. （ D） The ink can be changed and retested. 13 According to the speaker, what is a disadvantage of the “flexo“ process? （ A） Presses may get clogged with ink. （ B） Papers get smudged with old ink
5、. （ C） Reporters prefer the standard method. （ D） Machines may need to be oiled daily. 14 What are the speakers trying to do? （ A） Visit the new restaurant. （ B） Watch a parade. （ C） Have a picnic. （ D） Go to the beach. 15 How does the man feel about the rain? （ A） Excited. （ B） Confused. （ C） Afrai
6、d. （ D） Surprised. 16 What will the speakers probably do next? （ A） Go home. （ B） Go to a restaurant. （ C） Unpack the car. （ D） Put a dry blanket under the tree. 17 Which of the following is the acceptable table manner in Britain? （ A） You lift your soup bowl to your mouth. （ B） You make noise when
7、drinking soup. （ C） You shouldnt raise your elbows to your shoulders. （ D） You shouldnt put your hands on the table. 18 Which is considered as a good manner in Mexico? （ A） To put your hands on the table during the meal. （ B） To make noise in eating any kind of food. （ C） To eat your meal quickly an
8、d clearly. （ D） To put your elbows away from the table. 19 In Arab countries, what is considered very impolite? （ A） Eating with left hand. （ B） Eating with a fork. （ C） Drinking soup noisily. （ D） Talking while eating. 20 Whats the main idea of the passage? （ A） An introduction of British table man
9、ners. （ B） Table manners and enjoyment. （ C） Different countries have different table manners. （ D） The importance and details of table manners. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT
10、MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on A
11、NSWER SHEET 1. 30 In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took (31) . The world anxiously watched as. every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively (32) _comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discoverers, were once
12、 part of the same object, now dismembered and strong out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only (33) _ few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted (34) _ the fragments were on a co
13、llision course with the giant planet. The impact caused (35) explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each (36) _ shammed at 60 kilometers (37) _ second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy was transf
14、ormed (38) _ heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of (39) _ have stretched out (40) _ form dark ribbons. Although this impact
15、(41) _ was of considerable scientific import, it especially piqued public curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening television newscast and were posted (42) _the Internet. This (43) _possibly the most open scientific endeavor (44) _history. The face of the largest planet
16、 in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And (45) _ the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact (46) _ we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults (47) _ celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many,
17、but it should not have been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary exploration is that collisions (48) _ bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic (49) _, and were even more frequent in the early solar (50)_. Part A Directions: Read the foll
18、owing texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 50 The president of a university acts as the institutions chief executive officer. Presidents usually have extensive academic experience as either college or university administra
19、tors. In some cases, they may be people of notable achievement outside of academic life. For example, Dwight D. Eisenhower served as president of Columbia University in New York City from 1948 to 1950, after commanding the Allied forces in Europe during World War II (1939 1945). He was later elected
20、 the 34th president of the United States, in 1952. Presidents of colleges and universities enforce the policies, regulations, and other procedures that govern their institution. They also meet with the board of trustees and make recommendations to the board regarding the government and policies of t
21、he school. They appoint and, if necessary, remove other officers of the institution, such as vice presidents or deans; they approve or disapprove new policies and procedures recommended by the institutions administrative and faculty committees; and they represent the college or university to the gen
22、eral public and to the institutions alumni. Depending on the size of the institution, a college or university will appoint a number of vice presidents to assist the president in running the school. The academic vice president is responsible for faculty appointments and dismissals and for approving o
23、r revising academic programs. Often the academic vice president is a former dean of a college or other academic division within the institution. The institutions financial and budgetary matters are the responsibility of the vice president for finance. The vice president for student services is respo
24、nsible for nonacademic matters relating to students, such as operating counseling services, residence halls, and student activities and organizations. The vice president for human resources is responsible for nonfaculty appointments such as the hiring of secretaries and personnel to maintain the gro
25、unds and other facilities. The academic deans are the chief executives and administrators of the various colleges or other academic divisions of an institution. For example, at a large university, the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, the College of Education, and the School of Law each have a d
26、ean who is appointed by the president or the academic vice president. Frequently, deans have had experience as chairperson of academic departments in the institution. The responsibilities of deans typically include implementing policies established by the board of trustees and the president; prepari
27、ng the budgets and overseeing the spending of funds within the academic division; supervising the faculty; recommending faculty in their college or school to the academic vice president for appointment, promotion, tenure, or termination; and maintaining or increasing student enrollments in their col
28、lege or school. 51 Which of the following official ranks is not introduced? （ A） President of the university. （ B） Vice president of the university. （ C） Dean of the college. （ D） Dean of the department. 52 _must have academic achievement in certain subject. （ A） Presidents （ B） Vice presidents （ C）
29、 Academic vice presidents （ D） Deans 53 Which of the following statement is true? （ A） Deans are the chief leaders in a university. （ B） Presidents are chief officers in a university. （ C） General Dwight D. Eisenhower was an excellent academic president. （ D） Deans can remove the vice president of a
30、n institution. 54 _is not the duty of deans. （ A） Meeting the board of trustees （ B） Supervising the spending of funds within the college （ C） Recommending faculty to academic vice president for promotion （ D） Being charge of the enrollment of students 55 The word “alumni“ (in paragraph 2) means_. （
31、 A） a male former student of a school, college or university （ B） a female former student of a school, college or university （ C） a former teacher of a school, college or university （ D） a former executive of a college or university 55 The “standard of living“ of any country means the average person
32、s share of the goods and services which the country produces. A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. “Wealth“ in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: “goods “such as food and cloth-ing,
33、 and “services“ such as transport and entertainment. A countrys capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on. Some
34、regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favourable climate; other regions possess none of them. The USA is one of the wealthiest regions of the world because she has vast natural resources within her borders, her soil is fertile, and her climate i
35、s varied. The Sahara Desert, on the other hand, is one of the least wealthy. Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to pr
36、oduce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a countrys people. Old countries that have, through many centuries, trained up numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce w
37、ealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled. Wealth also produces wealth. As a country becomes wealthier, its people have a large margin for saving, and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to produce more goods in their working day. A countrys stand
38、ard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. For example, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on t
39、hose grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural product that would other wise be lacking. A countrys wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, provided that other countries can be found ready to accept
40、 its manufactures. 56 According to the author, a nations wealth depends upon_. （ A） its standard of living （ B） its money （ C） its ability to provide goods and services （ D） its ability to provide and transport and entertain 57 The best title for the passage would be_. （ A） The Wealth of a Country （
41、 B） The Standard of Living （ C） The Natural Resources of a Country （ D） none of the above 58 The word “foremost“ most probably means_. （ A） firstly （ B） largely （ C） for the most part （ D） most importantly 59 The main idea of the second paragraph is that_. （ A） the USA is one of the richest countrie
42、s in the world （ B） the Sahara Desert is a very poor region （ C） a countrys wealth depends on many factors （ D） natural resources are an important factor in the wealth or poverty of a country 60 Which of the following about Britains wealth is TRUE according to the passage? （ A） Britains wealth is en
43、tirely produced and consumed within its borders. （ B） Britain is more dependent upon trade than any other countries in the world. （ C） Britain manufactures more than it needs for home consumption. （ D） Britains wealth lies only in what it can manufacture. 60 Most people are right-handed and children
44、 usually have the same handedness as their parents. This suggests that genes are at work. But identical twins have identical genes, so genes cannot be the whole story. Cultural attitudes seem to have played an important part in the development of hand preferences. In the past, left-handers have suff
45、ered anything from teasing to flogging. Even today in some countries enforced right-handedness, particularly for writing and eating, is still common. To explain the observed patterns of handedness, researchers have devised what is known as a gene-culture coevolution model. The initial assumption of
46、the model-drawn from observation of non-human primates and other mammals such as mice is that early on in human evolution, the genetic make-up of individuals inclined them to prefer one hand or the other, but that the population was equally divided between right- and left-handed people. Over time, a
47、ccording to the model, the interaction of genes and culture has produced a state where everyone has identical genes for handedness. This would happen if, for whatever reason, right-handers were more likely to survive and reproduce. The idea may not be that farfetched. Many biologists believe that ha
48、ndedness is related to brain structure say for example, early right-handers may have been better at language. The model predicts that today everyone has genes which confer a basic predisposition of 78% to be right-handed. How children actually turn out, however, can be influenced by whether their pa
49、rents are dextral or sinistral. For example, children may mimic their par-ents. Or parents may influence the handedness of their children in the way that they hand them toys or food. The researchers reckon that a child with two right-handed parents has a 91% probability of being right-handed; a child with two left-handed parents has a probability of only 63% of being right-handed. But parental influence does not account for everything.
