1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 144及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （
2、A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 Where was the wo
3、man at lunchtime? （ A） Giving a lecture. （ B） Discussing political science. （ C） Working on a science problem. （ D） Reading twentieth-century literature. 12 How do the students demonstrate that they really enjoy professor Howls classes? （ A） They complete all their assignments. （ B） They study hard
4、for his tests. （ C） They compete for the best seats in the class. （ D） They read all his books. 13 Which of the following best describes Prof. Howls relationship with his students? （ A） Controversial. （ B） Impersonal. （ C） Indifferent. （ D） Cooperative. 14 Why did Jim think that Joyce might be chang
5、ing her name? （ A） He thought that she was planning to get married. （ B） He thought that she didnt like her name. （ C） He thought that she was not a relative of the Armstrongs. （ D） He thought that she would change to name after her mother. 15 What is the first name of the man with the horn-rimmed g
6、lasses? （ A） Armstrong. （ B） Jim. （ C） Joseph. （ D） The dialog doesnt say what it is. 16 Why did Jim leave Joyce before they had finished their conversation? （ A） He wanted to meet the young girls who were screaming. （ B） He saw someone else he had to talk to. （ C） He would like to go and get someth
7、ing to drink. （ D） He was responsible for looking after the little boy who was all dressed up. 17 Whats the main objective of a student who attends a certain number of courses? （ A） To graduate and obtain a degree. （ B） To learn something he is interested in. （ C） To avoid working. （ D） To obey his
8、parents order. 18 Why are American students usually under pressure of work? （ A） Because their academic performance will affect their future career in the future. （ B） Because they are heavily involved in student affairs. （ C） Because they have to observe the university discipline. （ D） Because they
9、 want to run for positions of authority. 19 Why are students enthusiastic for positions in student organizations? （ A） Because they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study. （ B） Because they will then be able to stay longer in the university. （ C） Because such positions help them hunt b
10、etter jobs. （ D） Because such positions are usually well paid. 20 In which respect does the students organizations seem to be effective? （ A） dealing with academic affairs of the university. （ B） ensuring that the students observe university regulations. （ C） evaluating students performance in their
11、 study. . （ D） keeping up the students enthusiasm for social activities. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear
12、the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 30 In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took (
13、31) . The world anxiously watched as. every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively (32) _comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strong out along the same
14、orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only (33) _ few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted (34) _ the fragments were on a collision course with the giant planet. The impact caused (35) explosion c
15、learly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each (36) _ shammed at 60 kilometers (37) _ second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy was transformed (38) _ heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected bac
16、k through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of (39) _ have stretched out (40) _ form dark ribbons. Although this impact (41) _ was of considerable scientific import, it especially piqued publi
17、c curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening television newscast and were posted (42) _the Internet. This (43) _possibly the most open scientific endeavor (44) _history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And (45) _ the ve
18、ry first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact (46) _ we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults (47) _ celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should not have been. One of the great truths revealed by the las
19、t few decades of planetary exploration is that collisions (48) _ bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic (49) _, and were even more frequent in the early solar (50)_. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A,
20、 B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 50 While its true that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a complete human, most of those instructions are inactivated, and with good reason. The last thing you want is for your brain cells to start producing stomach acid o
21、r your nose to turn into a kidney. The only time cells truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in a pregnancy, when so-called stem cells havent begun to specialize. Yet this untapped potential could be a terrific boon to medicine. Most diseases involve the death of
22、 healthy cells brain cells in Alzheimers, cardiac cells in heart disease, pancreatic cells in diabetes, to name a few. If doctors could isolate stem cells, then direct their growth, they might be able to furnish patients with healthy replacement tissue. It was incredibly difficult, but last fall sci
23、entists at the University of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem cells and get them to grow into neural, muscle and bone cells. The process still cant be controlled, and may have unforeseen limitations. But if efforts to understand and master stem-cell development prove successful, doctors will have a
24、 therapeutic tool of incredible power. The same applies to cloning, which is really just the other side of the coin. True cloning, as first shown with Dolly the sheep two years ago, involves taking a developed cell and reactivating the genome within, resetting its developmental instructions to a pri
25、stine state. Once that happens, the rejuvenated cell can develop into a full-fledged animal, genetically identical to its parent. For agriculture, in which purely physical characteristics like milk production in a cow or low fat in a hog have real market value, biological carbon copies could become
26、routine within a few years. This past year scientists have done for mice and cows what Ian Wilmut did for Dolly, and other creatures are bound to join the cloned menagerie in the coming year. Human cloning, on the other hand, may be technically feasible but legally and emotionally more difficult. St
27、ill, one day it will happen. The ability to reset body cells to a pristine, undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same advantages they would get from stem cells: the potential to make healthy body tissues of all sorts, and thus to cure disease. That could prove to be a tree “miracle cure“
28、. 51 The passage mainly discusses_. （ A） the cloning technology （ B） types of body cells （ C） stem cells （ D） methods of growing body tissues 52 The reason a nose is not likely to turn into a kidney is that_ （ A） cells in the nose do not contain instructions （ B） a nose does not contain brain cells
29、（ C） instructions in a nose cell are inactivated （ D） the stem cells have not been specialized 53 When stem cells specialize, they_. （ A） grow into body parts （ B） are destroyed （ C） are set back to a pristine state （ D） turn nose into kidney 54 The phrase “biological carbon copies“ (para. 4) refers
30、 to_. （ A） physical characteristics of real market value （ B） body tissues （ C） cloned animals （ D） stem cells 55 The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements? （ A） Human cloning is a technical impossibility. （ B） Human cloning may cause ethical concerns. （ C） Cloning co
31、ntributes to understanding of stem cells. （ D） The potential medical values of cloning have been exaggerated. 55 Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to refer to things or processes which have no names in ordinary Engli
32、sh, and partly to secure greater exactness in expression. Such special dialects, or jargon, are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula. Besides, they save time, fo
33、r it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders. Different occupations, however, dif
34、fer widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts and other occupations, such as farming and fishing, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that hav
35、e worked themselves into the very fibre of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, and philosophy have also become pretty fami
36、liar to cultivated person, and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet, every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the variou
37、s departments of natural and political sciences and in the mechanic arts. Hence new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions and seldom get into general literature or con
38、versation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a closed guild. The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, and the cleric associates freely with his fellow creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called popular science makes ev
39、erybody acquainted with modern views and recent-discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus, our common speech
40、is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace. 56 The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to_. （ A） describe a phenomenon （ B） argue about a belief （ C） propose a solution （ D） stimulate an action 57 By saying that technical terms “on the outskirts of the English lan
41、guage than. “, the writer implies that_. （ A） they are used in the urban areas （ B） they are used in the rural areas （ C） they do not constitute the core of common speech （ D） they are not understood by English farmers 58 When the author refers to professions as no longer being “closed guilds“, he m
42、eans that （ A） it is much easier to become a professional today than it was in the past （ B） there is more social intercourse between professionals and others （ C） popular science has told her secrets to the world （ D） anyone can now understand anything in a profession 59 It seems that the passage i
43、mplies_. （ A） the English language is always becoming larger and larger （ B） the words of the English language are always changing （ C） one can never be sure what a word means without consulting an expert （ D） technical terms in most non-scientific fields have little chance of becoming part of the m
44、ain body of the language in these scientific days 60 What may be the best title of this passage? （ A） The Benefits of Some Jobs. （ B） Professions and Their Terms. （ C） Different Occupations. （ D） The Development of the English Language. 60 Imagine eating everything delicious you want with none of th
45、e fat. That would be great,wouldnt it? New “fake fat“ products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, howev
46、er, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So its up to consumers to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating. Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were
47、searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that cant be digested at all. Normally, special chemicals in the intestines “grab“ molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A mole
48、cule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids. The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecu
49、les and are carried into the bloodstream. Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say its that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics
