1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 155及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 The speech is mainly about the organization of the company. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 2 Peo
2、ple like the changes in the organization of the company. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 3 All directors on the Board are full-time employees in the company. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 4 The job of the Board of Directors is to administrate the company. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 5 The chairman of the Board is appointed by
3、 the Board. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 6 MD refers to “a doctor of medicine“. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 7 MD is the absolute head of the company. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 8 MD decides companys policies and carries them out. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 9 MD has six departmental managers at the moment. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE
4、 10 The speaker will introduce six departmental managers one by one. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 When a consumer finds that his purchase has a faul
5、t in it, what is the first thing he should do? （ A） Complain personally to the manager. （ B） Threaten to take the matter to court. （ C） Write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase. （ D） Show some written proof of the purchase to the store. 12 If a consumer wants a quick settlement of t
6、he problem, whom is it better to complain to? （ A） A shop assistant. （ B） The store manager. （ C） The manufacturer. （ D） A public organization. 13 How can the most effective complaint be made? （ A） Showing the fault item to the manager. （ B） Explaining exactly what is wrong with the item. （ C） Sayin
7、g firmly that the item is of poor quality. （ D） Asking politely to change the item. 14 When was the American Football Association founded? （ A） In 1913. （ B） In 1930. （ C） In 1914. （ D） In 1917. 15 Which of the following records of the US football team is true? （ A） First place in the 3rd world Cup.
8、 （ B） Second place in the 4th World Cup. （ C） Third place in the 1st World Cup. （ D） Fourth place in the 2nd World Cup. 16 Where was the finals of the World Cup in 1994 held? （ A） In England. （ B） In the USA. （ C） In Mexico. （ D） In France. 17 What does the speaker mainly discuss? （ A） The distribut
9、ion of different species of amphibians. （ B） Possible reasons for reduction in the number of amphibians. （ C） The effects of environmental change on the fish industry. （ D） Guidelines for the responsible use of pesticides. 18 According to the speaker, how do developers contribute to the reduction of
10、 amphibian population? （ A） By taking over ponds. （ B） By constructing sewers. （ C） By building dams on rivers. （ D） By flooding marshes. 19 According to the speaker, how do some pesticides get into ponds? （ A） They are applied to aquatic weeds by fish farming. （ B） Amphibians release them from thei
11、r skin. （ C） Irresponsible dispose of them in ponds. （ D） They are washed into ponds by the rain. 20 According to the speaker, why do pesticides pose a threat to amphibians? （ A） Pesticides can cause an amphibians skin to dry out. （ B） Pesticides kill the insects that amphibians depend on for food.
12、（ C） Dissolved pesticides can easily enter amphibians bodies. （ D） Amphibians may eat plants that have been treated with pesticides. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN TH
13、REE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 What did the speaker talk about last time? 22 What does the talk mainly concern? 23 What does the speaker refer the activity of any organization to? 24 What does business con
14、cern usually do? 25 What advantages does work have? 26 What is behavioral management based on? 27 Why should a manager study behavioral management? 28 According to the speaker, what does a manager have to treat everyone of his staff as? 29 It sounds a bit unscientific that a good manager is_rather t
15、han_. 30 Behavioral management is very useful but is not_like scientific management. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 30 Walking like swimming, Bicycling an
16、d running is an aerobic exercise, 【 C1】_builds the capacity for energy output and physical endurance by increasing the supply of oxygen to skin and muscles. Such exercises may be a primary factor in the【 C2】 _of heart and circulatory disease. As probably the least strenuous, safest aerobic activity,
17、 walking is the【 C3】_acceptable exercise for the largest number of people. Walking【 C4】_comfortable speed improves the efficiency of the cardiorespiratory system【 C5】_stimulating the lungs and heart, But at a more gradual rate【 C6】 _most other forms of exercise. In one test, a group of men 40 to 57
18、years of age, 【 C7】 _at a fast pace for 40 minutes four days a week, showed improvement【 C8】 _to men the same age on a 30 minute, three-day-a-week jogging program in the same period. Their resting heart rate and body fat decreased【 C9】 _. These changes suggest【 C10】 _of the important even vital bene
19、fits walking can【 C11】 _about. Walking【 C12】 _burns calories. It takes 3, 500 calories to gain or【 C13】_one pound. Since a one-hour walk at a moderate pace will【 C14】 _up 300 to 360 calories. By walking one hour every other day, you can burn up a pound-and-a-half monthly, or 18 pounds【 C15】 _ provid
20、ing there is no change in your intake of food. To【 C16】 _weight faster, walk an hour every day and burn up 3 pounds a month, or 36 pounds a year. 【 C17】 _ your age, right now is the time to give your physical well-being as much thought as you【 C18】 _to pensions or insurance. Walking is a vital defen
21、se【 C19】 _the ravages of degenerative diseases and aging. It is natures【 C20】_of giving you a tuneup. 31 【 C1】 32 【 C2】 33 【 C3】 34 【 C4】 35 【 C5】 36 【 C6】 37 【 C7】 38 【 C8】 39 【 C9】 40 【 C10】 41 【 C11】 42 【 C12】 43 【 C13】 44 【 C14】 45 【 C15】 46 【 C16】 47 【 C17】 48 【 C18】 49 【 C19】 50 【 C20】 Part A
22、Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 50 Gene therapy and gene based drugs are two ways we could benefit from our growing mastery of genetic science. But there will be others as well. Here is
23、one of the remarkable therapies on the cutting edge of genetic research that could make their way into mainstream medicine in the coming years. While it s true that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a complete human, most of those instructions are inactivated, and with g
24、ood reason: the last thing you want for your brain cells is to start churning out stomach acid or your nose to turn into a kidney. The only time cells truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in a pregnancy, when so-called stem cells havent begun to specialize. Yet
25、this untapped potential could be a terrific boon to medicine. Most diseases involve the death of healthy cells brain cells in Alzheimer s, cardiac cells in heart disease, pancreatic cells in diabetes, to name a few; if doctors could isolate stem cells, then direct their growth, they might be able to
26、 furnish patients with healthy replacement tissue. It was incredibly difficult, but last fall scientists at the University of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem cells and get them to grow into neural, gut, muscle and bone cells. The process still cant be controlled, and may have unforeseen limitation
27、s; but if efforts to understand and master stem cell development prove successful, doctors will have a therapeutic tool of incredible power. The same applies to cloning, which is really just the other side of the coin. True cloning, as first shown with the sheep Dolly two years ago, involves taking
28、a developed cell and reactivating the genome within, resetting its developmental instructions to a pristine state. Once that happens, the rejuvenated cell can develop into a full-fledged animal, genetically identical to its parent. For agriculture, in which purely physical characteristics like milk
29、production in a cow or low fat in a hog have real market value, biological carbon copies could become routine within a few years. This past year scientists have done for mice and cows what Ian Wilmut did for Dolly, and other creatures are bound to join the cloned menagerie in the coming year. Human
30、cloning, on the other hand, may be technically feasible but legally and emotionally more difficult. Still, one day it will happen. The ability to reset body cells to a pristine, undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same advantages they would get from stem cells: the potential to make hea
31、lthy body tissues of all sorts, and thus to cure disease. That could prove to be a true “miracle cure“. 51 The writer holds that the potential to make healthy body tissues will_. （ A） aggravate moral issues of human cloning （ B） bring great benefits to human beings （ C） help scientists decode body i
32、nstructions （ D） involve employing surgical instruments 52 The word “rejuvenated“(Para. 5)most probably means_. （ A） modified （ B） re-collected （ C） classified （ D） reactivated 53 The research at the University of Wisconsin is mentioned to show_. （ A） the isolation of stem cells （ B） the effects of
33、gene therapies （ C） the advantages of human cloning （ D） the limitations of tissue replacements 54 Which of the following is true according to the text? （ A） The principle of gene therapy is applicable to that of cloning. （ B） The isolation of stem cells is too difficult to be feasible. （ C） It is r
34、easonable for all body instructions to be activated. （ D） Cloned animals will eventually take control of the world. 55 Towards the genetic research, the author s attitude can best be said to be that of_. （ A） frustration （ B） indifference （ C） amazement （ D） opposition 55 Earthquake survivors trappe
35、d in rubble could one day be saved by an unlikely rescuer: A robotic caterpillar that burrows its way through debris. Just a few centimeters wide, the robot relies on magnetic fields to propel it through the kind of tiny crevices that would foil the wheeled or tracked search robots currently used to
36、 locate people trapped in collapsed buildings. The caterpillar s inventor, Norihiko Saga of Akita Prefectural University in Japan, will demonstrate his new method of locomotion at a conference on magnetic materials in Seattle. In addition to lights and cameras, a search caterpillar could be equipped
37、 with an array of sensors to measure other factors such as radioactivity or oxygen levels that could tell human rescuers if an area is safe to enter. The magnetic caterpillar is amazingly simple. It moves by a process similar to peristalsis, the rhythmic contraction that moves food down your intesti
38、ne. Saga made the caterpillar from a series of rubber capsules filled with a magnetic fluid consisting of iron particles, water, and a detergent-like surfactant, which reduces the surface tension of the fluid. Each capsule is linked to the next by a pair of rubber rods. The caterpillar s guts are wr
39、apped in a clear, flexible polymer tube that protects it from the environment. To make the caterpillar move forwards, Saga moves a magnetic field backwards along the caterpillar. Inside the caterpillars “head“ capsule, magnetic fluid surges towards the attractive magnetic field, causing the capsule
40、to bulge out to the sides and draw its front and rear portions up. As the magnetic field passes to the next capsule, the first breaks free and springs forward and the next capsule bunches up. In this way, the caterpillar can reach speeds of 4 centimeters per second as it crawls along. Moving the mag
41、netic field faster can make it traverse the caterpillar before all the capsules have sprung back to their original shapes. The segments then all spring back, almost but not quite simultaneously. Saga plans to automate the movement of the caterpillar by placing electromagnets at regular intervals alo
42、ng the inside of its polymer tube. By phasing the current flow to the electromagnets, he 11 be able to control it wirelessly via remote control. He also needs to find a new type of rubber for the magnetic capsules, because the one he s using at the minute eventually begins to leak. But crawling is n
43、ot the most efficient form of locomotion for robots, says Robert Full of the University of California at Berkeley, an expert in animal motion who occasionally advises robotics designers. “If you look at the energetic cost of crawling, compared to walking, swimming or flying, crawling is very expensi
44、ve, “ he says. Walking, on the other every step, energy is conserved in the foot and then released to help the foot spring up. Saga acknowledges this inefficiency but says his caterpillar is far more stable than one that walks, rolls on wheels or flies. It has no moving parts save for a few fluid-fi
45、lled rubber capsules. Biped robots and wheeled robots require a smooth surface and are difficult to miniaturize, and flying robots have too many moving parts. “My peristaltic crawling robot is simple and it works, “ he says. 56 From this passage, we can learn that_. （ A） a robotic caterpillar can cr
46、awl by a pair of rubber rods （ B） when a caterpillar moves, the magnetic field moves backwards along it （ C） the environment couldn t influence a robotic caterpillar s guts, which are wrapped in a capsule （ D） crawling is very stable and efficient, and when it moves, only a few elements are needed 5
47、7 According to this passage, which is not true about the construction of the robotic caterpillar? （ A） A robotic caterpillar is made from a series of rubber capsules filled with a magnetic fluid. （ B） Iron particles, water, and a detergent-like surfactant form a magnetic fluid. （ C） Each capsule fil
48、led with a magnetic fluid is linked to the next by a pair of rubber rods. （ D） In order to keep stable condition, the caterpillar s guts are wrapped in a clear, flexible polymer tube. 58 The meaning of the word “peristalsis“ in Paragraph 3 is similar to_. （ A） swimming （ B） flying （ C） crawling （ D）
49、 walking 59 Comparing the robotic caterpillar and the other robots, which of the following is not true? （ A） A smooth surface is indispensable to biped robots and wheeled robots. （ B） Flying robots are very inconvenient when moving, because they have too many moving parts. （ C） The robotic caterpillar only has rubber capsules filled with a magnetic fluid. （ D） It s incapable for wheeled robots to locate trapped people
