1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 15及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Florence Nightingale was from a noble family. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 2 Her parents didnt
2、 want her to be a nurse because the pay was low. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 Florence failed to get a chance to train herself to be a nurse at first. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 Her mother was more willing to accept her career. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 Florence first started her formal career abroad. （ A） Ri
3、ght （ B） Wrong 6 Service in hospitals was poor at that time though equipment was good. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 The work of Florence was effective from the very beginning. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 Florence devoted all her time on the care of the ill and wounded. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 Honours had bee
4、n intended on Florence. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 Florence spent her last years in loneliness and poor health. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 Where wa
5、s Pompeii located? （ A） Near Rome. （ B） Near the ocean. （ C） In North-central Italy. （ D） On the Bay of Naples. 12 What did Pliny see one day? （ A） A large flaming cloud. （ B） The eruption of a volcano. （ C） A mountain rising high into the sky. （ D） The frightening sight of Vesuvius. 13 How many peo
6、ple were buried alive under the volcanic ash? （ A） About 18,000. （ B） More than 2,000. （ C） 1,700. （ D） A few. 14 Why does Kate refuse to leave the house then? （ A） Because she hasnt got ready yet. （ B） Because she is waiting for David. （ C） Because she is waiting for a taxi to pick her up. （ D） Bec
7、ause it is raining very hard and she doesnt have an umbrella. 15 Where are Kate and David going? （ A） They are going to see film downtown. （ B） They are going to call on the Johnsons. （ C） They are packing and going on their holiday. （ D） They are going to buy an umbrella since it is raining very ha
8、rd. 16 What happened to Davids umbrella? （ A） It was left in Davids office. （ B） It was left in Kates office. （ C） It was lost in the train some day. （ D） It was left in the Johnsons. 17 What role do most people in the manufacturing trades play? （ A） Designers. （ B） Supervisors. （ C） Assistants. （ D
9、） Employees. 18 Which of the following best characterizes the job of a semiskilled worker? （ A） Repetitive. （ B） Consistent. （ C） Exceptional. （ D） Complicated. 19 How are the working conditions for most manufacturing jobs? （ A） Disgraceful. （ B） Forceful. （ C） Harsh. （ D） Monotonous. 20 Who are res
10、ponsible for panning and directing the manufacturing process? （ A） Scientists and engineers. （ B） Management workers. （ C） Technicians. （ D） Public relation workers. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions
11、21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 According to the speaker, who should enjoy the right of Academic Freedom? 22 A teachers employment depend on _. 23 When were religious tests
12、for graduation, fellowships, and teaching positions abolished in Britain? 24 Where did violations of the right of academic freedom greatly increase during the first haft of the 20th century? 25 When did Tennessee abolish the state law that forbade the teaching of the theory of evolution in the publi
13、c schools? 26 What did many institutions of higher learning require from university teachers in the early 1950s? 27 What happened to those professors who protested American participation in the Vietnam War? 28 What was under way in higher education by 1973, when U.S. troops were withdrawn from Vietn
14、am? 29 In the early 1970s, what problems also harmed the Academic Freedom in American institutions of higher education? 30 For what reason did the U.S. government impose severe restraints on the publication of research results in 1980s? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the
15、following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 Most parents these days have to rely on their force of personality and whatever love and respect they can inspire to (31) any influence over their children at all, (32) there is still
16、 an awful lot of parental authority that big money can buy. Multi-millionaires have (33) of everything than ordinary mortals, including more parent power, and their sons and daughters have about as (34) opportunity to develop according to their own inclinations (35) they would have had in the age of
17、 absolute monarchy. The rich still have families. The great divide between the generations, which is so much taken for (36) that no one remarks on it any longer, is the plight of the lower and middle classes, (37) children begin to drift away as soon as they are (38) enough to go to school. The pare
18、nts cannot control the (39) and have even less say (40) to what company and ideas the child will be exposed to; (41) can they isolate him (42) the public mood, the spirit of the age. It is an often-heard complaint of the middle-class (43), for instance, that she must let her children watch televisio
19、n for hours on (44) every day if she is to steal any (45) for herself. The rich have no such (46); they can keep their offspring (47) from morning to night without being near them for a minute more than they choose to be, and can exercise almost (48) control over their environment. As for schooling,
20、 they can hand-pick tutors with sound views to come to the children, who may (49) leave the grounds (50) for an exceptionally secure boarding school or a well-chaperoned trip abroad. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. M
21、ark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 The president of a university acts as the institutions chief executive officer. Presidents usually have extensive academic experience as either college or university administrators. In some cases, they may be people of notable achievement outside of academic li
22、fe. For example, Dwight D. Eisenhower served as president of Columbia University in New York City from 1948 to 1950, after commanding the Allied forces in Europe during World War (1939 1945). He was later elected the 34th president of the United States, in 1952. Presidents of colleges and universiti
23、es enforce the policies, regulations, and other procedures that govern their institution. They also meet with the board of trustees and make recommendations to the board regarding the government and policies of the school. They appoint and, if necessary, remove other officers of the institution, suc
24、h as vice presidents or deans; they approve or disapprove new policies and procedures recommended by the institutions administrative and faculty committees; and they represent the college or university to the general public and to the institutions alumni. Depending on the size of the institution, a
25、college or university will appoint a number of vice presidents to assist the president in running the school. The academic vice president is responsible for faculty appointments and dismissals and for approving or revising academic programs. Often the academic vice president is a former dean of a co
26、llege or other academic division within the institution. The institutions financial and budgetary matters are the responsibility of the vice president for finance. The vice president for student services is responsible for nonacademic matters relating to students, such as operating counseling servic
27、es, residence halls, and student activities and organizations. The vice president for human resources is responsible for nonfaculty appointments such as the hiring of secretaries and personnel to maintain the grounds and other facilities. The academic deans are the chief executives and administrator
28、s of the various colleges or other academic divisions of an institution. For example, at a large university, the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, the College of Education, and the School of Law each have a dean who is appointed by the president or the academic vice president. Frequently, deans
29、have had experience as chairperson of academic departments in the institution. The responsibilities of deans typically include implementing policies established by the board of trustees and the president; preparing the budgets and overseeing the spending of funds within the academic division; superv
30、ising the faculty; recommending faculty in their college or school to the academic vice president for appointment, promotion, tenured or termination; and maintaining or increasing student enrollments in their college or school. 51 Which of the following official ranks is not introduced? （ A） Preside
31、nt of the university. （ B） Vice president of the university. （ C） Dean of the college. （ D） Dean of the department. 52 _ must have academic achievement in certain subject. （ A） Presidents （ B） Vice presidents （ C） Academic vice presidents （ D） Deans 53 Which of the following statement is true? （ A）
32、Deans are the chief leaders in a university. （ B） Presidents are chief officers in a university. （ C） General Dwight D. Eisenhower was an excellent academic president. （ D） Deans can remove the vice president of an institution. 54 _is not the duty of deans. （ A） Meeting the board of trustees （ B） Su
33、pervising the spending of funds within the college （ C） Recommending faculty to academic vice president for promotion （ D） Being charge of the enrollment of students 55 The word “alumni“ (in paragraph 2) means_. （ A） a male former student of a school, college or university （ B） a female former stude
34、nt of a school, college or university （ C） a former teacher of a school, college Or university （ D） a former executive of a college or university 56 How do we measure the economic return to higher education? Typically it is calculated as the difference between average wages of college graduates and
35、those who have not graduated from college. In 1997, for example, college graduates earned an average of $40,508 versus just $23,970 for non-college graduates. Based on these income levels, the economic return to a college education is approximately 69 percent, the difference between the two income l
36、evels. But this simple calculation ignores the fact that college graduates tend to come from higher socioeconomic levels, are more highly motivated, and probably have higher IQs than non graduations. Although these factors influence incomes, they are not the result of college attendance. Therefore t
37、he result of the study is an overstatement of the returns to higher education. More sophisticated analyses adjust for these extraneous influences. For instance economists Orley Ashenfelter and Alan Krueger, estimate that each year of post-high school education results in a wage premium of between 15
38、 and 16 percent. Their study is particularly relevant because they examined the earnings differences for identical twins with different education levels, allowing them to control for genetic and socioeconomic factors. Other research puts the wage premium for college graduates at nearly 50 percent. U
39、nfortunately, you cant spend a college wage premium. Income levels for the average college graduate have stagnated. After adjusting for inflation, the average income of college graduates holding full-time jobs rose by only 4.4 percent between 1979 and 1997, or at a minuscule annual rate of 0.2 perce
40、nt. At the same time, workers with only high-school degrees saw their real income plummet by 15 percent. Bottom line: the much-ballyhooed college wage “premium“ is due primarily to the fall in inflation-adjusted salaries of workers who havent been to college. In fact, if you dont go on to graduate s
41、chool or are not among the top graduates at one of the nations elite colleges, chances are your sky-high tuition is buying you no economic advantage whatsoever. In recent decades the flood of graduates has been so great that an increasing proportion have found themselves, within a few years, working
42、 as sales clerks, cab drivers, and in other jobs that do not, require a college degree. In 1995, approximately 40 percent of people with some college education and 10 percent of those with a college degree worked at jobs requiring only high-school skills. Thats up from 30 percent and 6 percent, resp
43、ectively, in 1971. 56 The traditional calculation of the economic return to higher education is inaccurate because_. （ A） it doesnt take into account the changing economic situations （ B） it involves small samples （ C） it failed to incorporate some aspects which themselves might have added to the ea
44、rnings of college graduates （ D） it does not specify whether non-college graduates have high-school degrees 57 What does the author mean when he says “you cant spend a college wage premium“ (para. 3)? （ A） College graduates tend to stash money away. （ B） The economic returns for college graduates ha
45、ve decreased since 1979. （ C） The economic returns to higher education have not increased very much since 1979. （ D） College graduates could hardly earn enough to pay high living cost. 58 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） The economic return to higher education is lower by the more
46、 sophisticated analyses than by traditional methods. （ B） Results of analyses of college premium differ greatly. （ C） Between 1979 and 1997, workers with only high-school degrees saw their real income fall. （ D） Graduates from graduate schools have the same economic returns as those from colleges. 5
47、9 According to the last paragraph, _. （ A） more and more people go to elite colleges （ B） tuition has started to decline （ C） there are too many college graduates （ D） the quality of college education has declined 60 Which of the following is the topic of the passage? （ A） Overestimated college prem
48、ium. （ B） The payoffs of college education. （ C） The myths of college education. （ D） The decline of college education. 61 Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rules forbid the practice of making ads louder than the prog
49、ramming. In addition, television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowed for reasons of efficiency. According to the NBC executive, no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information, why do commercials sound so loud? The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors in addition to its peak level. Advertisers are skilful at creating the impression of loudness through their expert use of such factors. One major contributor to the perceived loudness is that much less vari
