1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 165及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （
2、A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 Where was the wo
3、man at lunchtime? （ A） Giving a lecture. （ B） Discussing political science. （ C） Working on a science problem. （ D） Reading twentieth-century literature. 12 How do the students demonstrate that they really enjoy professor Howls classes? （ A） They complete all their assignments. （ B） They study hard
4、for his tests. （ C） They compete for the best seats in the class. （ D） They read all his books. 13 Which of the following best describes Prof. Howls relationship with his students? （ A） Controversial. （ B） Impersonal. （ C） Indifferent. （ D） Cooperative. 14 Why do people always spend more money than
5、planned in supermarkets? （ A） The goods are really cheap there. （ B） Supermarkets are attracting them by all means. （ C） There is something wrong with them. （ D） They have no choices but to spend more. 15 What is considered a good supermarket environment? （ A） One in which you feel relaxed and comfo
6、rtable. （ B） One that is clean and quiet. （ C） One in which there is background music. （ D） ()ne in which there wide aisle. 16 What is the function of background music? （ A） To cover up the unpleasant noise. （ B） To put people at ease. （ C） To keep people moving. （ D） A,B and C. 17 The result of the
7、 boycott organized by Dr. King was that （ A） the bus company almost went broken. （ B） blacks refused to sit at the back of the public vehicles. （ C） many shops had no customers. （ D） the economic situation suddenly became very bad in the country. 18 The United States Supreme Court made a decision an
8、d so the bus company （ A） hired many blacks to drivers. （ B） allowed blacks to sit wherever they wanted to on the bus. （ C） reduced bus fare. （ D） allowed blacks to sit only at the back of the bus. 19 Did the nonviolent method win over some sympathizers? （ A） No, because people did not believe this
9、method would work. （ B） Yes, many whites took part in the boycott in 1955. （ C） Yes, people all over the world participated in the civil rights march in Washington, D. C. （ D） Yes, some whites joined blacks in demonstrations. 20 The protests called to the attention of Americans that （ A） the white a
10、nd the black have been treated unfairly. （ B） the white and the black should be treated differently. （ C） the white and the black should not be treated differently. （ D） the white and the black have been treated the same. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions o
11、r complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fil
12、l each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 30 “How are you keeping?“ “Look (31)_ yourself. “ “Good Health. “ “Heres your health. “ “Health, wealth and happiness. “ “If youre healthy, youre (32)_. “ Its amazing how many greetings, wishes and general ex
13、pressions turn on health. Health is something healthy people hardly ever think about (33)_theyre (34)_. When that happens they think about little else. Then their visits to the doctor, the hospital; if theyre really unwell, medicines, pills, bottles, ointments, injections, having their temperature t
14、aken, and the worry (35) expense. Well, (36)_least in Britain the last part isnt too bad under the National Health Service. This is a Government-enforced scheme whereby everyone pays in a small percentage of their earnings each week (37)_month, and is then entitled to free medical treatment when the
15、y are ill. This doesnt include medicines, which have to be paid (38)_, but at a considerably reduced rate. Everybody (39)_ Britain is advised (40)_ have a local doctor. When a person moves (41) a district, one of the first things they do is to find a (42) _doctor and get on his list or panel. There
16、(43)_lists of NHS doctors in the local post offices and everybody has a (44)_card. Most British (45)_are already registered with a doctor and moving into a new district entails no more than finding a new doctor and transferring (46)_ his panel. The National Health doctor will treat, and prescribe fo
17、r, the more usual illnesses. Any cases that are beyond the scope of the local surgery he will (47)_to the nearest hospital. Again, in hospital, the(48)_ is free. The only drawback is that a great many people are in, or attending, hospital (49)_that most would-be patients have to go on a waiting list
18、 before they can (50)_ hospital treatment. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 50 Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental
19、ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outwa
20、rd two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the pre-modern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the end of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed f
21、rom the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 2
22、50, 000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550, 000 were plotted outside the Cit-y limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate de
23、velopers added 800, 000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years lots that could have housed five to six million people. Of course, many were never occupied: there was always a huge surplus of subdivided but vacant land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses under
24、score a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carded out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential
25、 purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth. 51
26、 With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned? （ A） Types of mass transportation. （ B） Instability of urban life. （ C） How supply and demand determine land use. （ D） The effects of mass transportation on urban expansion. 52 The author mentions all of the following as effects
27、of mass transportation on cities EXCEPT_. （ A） growth in city area （ B） separation of commercial and residential districts （ C） changes in life in the inner city （ D） increasing standards of living 53 Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago? （ A） To demonstrate positive and negative effe
28、cts of growth. （ B） To show that mass transit changed many cities. （ C） To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation. （ D） To contrast their rates of growth. 54 According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion? （ A） It was expensive. （ B） It happened too slowl
29、y. （ C） It was unplanned. （ D） It created a demand for public transportation. 55 The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city_. （ A） that is large （ B） that is used as a model for land development （ C） where land development exceeded population growth （ D） with an exce
30、llent mass transportation system 55 Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major element to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful effect on the economy in at least four ways: Direct Services. The postal system, for example, i
31、s a federal system serving the entire nation, as is the large and complex military establishment. Conversely, the construction and maintenance of most highways is the responsibility of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government,
32、are primarily paid for by county or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation services are also the responsibilities of local government. Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private enterprise in many ways, for the purpose of assuring that business serves
33、the best interests of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a monopoly, such as in telephone or electric service, or in other areas where there is limited competition, as with railroads or airlines. Public policy permits such companies to make a
34、reasonable prof-it, but limits their ability to raise prices unfairly (as defined by the regulators), since the public depends on their services. Often control is exercised to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of quali
35、ty in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control. Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board, attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and
36、 depression, by adjusting tax rates (including regulations pertaining to depreciation), the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also affect the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself. Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help t
37、o businesses and individuals. For example, tariffs permit certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to compete better with certain foreign goods. Government also provides aid to farmers by subsidizing prices they
38、 receive for their crops. In quite a different area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves, by making grants to working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care for the aged and the indigent, and through social insurance programs to help the unem
39、ployed and retirees. Government also supplies relief for the poor and help for the disabled. 56 Which of the following services is not offered by the federal government? （ A） Postal system. （ B） Military establishment. （ C） Funding the public educational systems. （ D） Police and fire protection serv
40、ice. 57 The government regulate private enterprises for the main purpose of_. （ A） promoting the growth of the national economy （ B） assuring the business serves the best interests of the people （ C） eliminating unfair competitions （ D） fighting against the competitions from foreign countries 58 If
41、the US government raises its tariffs, then_. （ A） the American products may get an upper hand in competing with certain foreign goods （ B） the American consumers can buy more cheap foreign-made products （ C） the import volume of US may increase greatly （ D） the domestic inflation can be eliminated 5
42、9 The Food and Drug Administration was established for the purpose of_. （ A） eliminating monopoly （ B） supervising the standards of quality in food （ C） fighting against the governments control （ D） fighting against the foreign competition 60 In telephone or electric service, regulation is necessary
43、 because_. （ A） in these areas monopoly has been established （ B） these areas are faced with fierce competitions （ C） these enterprises are inclined to make unfair security （ D） these enterprises concern a lot with the public security 60 Imagine eating everything delicious you want with none of the
44、fat. That would be great,wouldnt it? New “fake fat“ products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however
45、, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So its up to consumers to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating. Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were se
46、arching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that cant be digested at all. Normally, special chemicals in the intestines “grab“ molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecu
47、le of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids. The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecule
48、s and are carried into the bloodstream. Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say its that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that mak
49、es olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids, compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc. Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists
