1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 168及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （
2、A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 What is the spea
3、ker mainly discussing? （ A） Traditional European architecture. （ B） Techniques for building log cabins. （ C） The history of log structures. （ D） How to build a home yourself. 12 According to the speaker, what gives modern log homes their warm atmosphere? （ A） Their small size. （ B） Their rustic dirt
4、 floors. （ C） Their walls made up of rounded logs. （ D） Their sliding board windows. 13 According to the speaker, why were log cabins especially popular to settlers who moved west? （ A） They could easily build the log houses themselves. （ B） They could construct the houses from kits. （ C） They liked
5、 the cozy atmosphere of the log interior. （ D） They wanted homes that could be transported. 14 Where is the man going to make a presentation? （ A） At an automobile factory. （ B） At an electrical engineering class. （ C） At a meeting of a public speaking club. （ D） At a conference on industrial automa
6、tion. 15 What is the origin of the traditional image of robots? （ A） Industrial specification. （ B） Computer development. （ C） Scientific drawings. （ D） Science fiction. 16 According to the woman, why are robots becoming more widely used? （ A） They are smarter than human worker. （ B） They are more p
7、roductive than human workers. （ C） They are very durable. （ D） They are easy to design. 17 What is George Orwell mainly known as? （ A） A literary critic. （ B） A war correspondent. （ C） A volunteer in the Spanish Civil War. （ D） A novelist. 18 Where was George Orwell born? （ A） Spain. （ B） America. （
8、 C） Burma. （ D） India. 19 What is most important in Orwells life? （ A） Although English, he was actually not born in England. （ B） He was a student of the famous English public school, Eton. （ C） He tried to enlighten and change society through his works. （ D） He worked as a policeman in Burma for f
9、ive years. 20 What are the listeners going to do after the presentation? （ A） To ask the speaker questions. （ B） To discuss “ANIMAL FARM“. （ C） To write essays on Orwells life. （ D） To read the book“1984“. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the n
10、otes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the nu
11、mbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 30 I was not more than thirteen years old at the time, (31) _, but I remember the moment as if it (32)_yesterday. I had just taken my place in class, (33)_ I noticed a small shining coin a few feet away from my desk. I am su
12、re it was not the desire for gain which prompted me to stoop and pick it up, (34) _ the coin was a farthing and almost completely worthless. But its newness (35) _me, and the fact (36) _ I could not spend a coin of such small value, made me want to keep it forever (37) _ the teacher was talking to u
13、s. I pretended to (38) _ a pencil and bent over. From that moment, the coin was mine. The farthing and I remained firm friends for years. Trousers wore (39) _, but the coin survived. It lived to see short trousers become long ones; it accompanied me in my youth and early manhood. It joined the army
14、with me during the war, and later came to the office every day when I became a (40) _ again. Every night when I emptied my pockets and placed their contents on my bedside table, the coin (41) _its appearance. Sometimes, it would play hide and seek with me and make me dig deeply into my pockets. But
15、sure enough, it was always there, trapped inside larger items, (42) _ a penknife (43) _ in the folds of my handkerchief. It certainly kept strange company. When I was a boy, it would attach itself (44) _ sticky sweets, or get caught in pieces of wire. When I grew up, it took its place proudly beside
16、 the silver coins that jingled in my pocket. It had reason to be proud, for I am sure it knew (45) _I would rather have lost every single coin I had than part with the precious little farthing. It did not shine any more, but at night time it would unfailingly arrive, last but smiling, and look up at
17、 me(46) _my bedside table. One night, (47) , the coin was missing. I searched everywhere, but weeks passed and I didnt find it. This time, I realized sadly that it had gone for (48) _and could only hope it had found (49) _ nicer pocket to live (50) . Part A Directions: Read the following texts and a
18、nswer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 50 The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue
19、 to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it
20、. It seems that only when the government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for enviro
21、nmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the diffe
22、rence. Yes, the ecologist, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the c
23、harge. We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our vi
24、ews clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment
25、and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars tru
26、ly on prevention rather than on bandages. 51 We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because_. （ A） they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing （ B） they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interests （ C）
27、 time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on it （ D） it is difficult for them to take effective measures 52 The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is （ A） to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasion （ B） to arouse publi
28、c awareness of the importance of environmental protection （ C） to take radical measures to control environmental pollution （ D） to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards 53 The word “tunnel-visioned“(Para 3, Line 2) most probably means_. （ A） narrow-minded （ B） blind to the
29、 facts （ C） short-sighted （ D） able to see only one aspect 54 Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems? （ A） Legislation and government intervention. （ B） The industrys understanding and support. （ C） The efforts of envir
30、onmental health professionals. （ D） The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists. 55 Which of the following is TRUE according to the last paragraph? （ A） Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures. （ B） More money should be spent
31、in order to stop pollution. （ C） Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution. （ D） Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade. 55 Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major element to consider
32、 the role of government. Government has a powerful effect on the economy in at least four ways: Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system serving the entire nation, as is the large and complex military establishment. Conversely, the construction and maintenance of most hig
33、hways is the responsibility of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily paid for by county or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation services are also the responsibilities of local government
34、. Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private enterprise in many ways, for the purpose of assuring that business serves the best interests of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a monopoly, such as in telephone or elec
35、tric service, or in other areas where there is limited competition, as with railroads or airlines. Public policy permits such companies to make a reasonable prof-it, but limits their ability to raise prices unfairly (as defined by the regulators), since the public depends on their services. Often co
36、ntrol is exercised to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of quality in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control. Stabilization and Growth. Branches of
37、 government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board, attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and depression, by adjusting tax rates (including regulations pertaining to depreciation), the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also affect the
38、economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself. Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help to businesses and individuals. For example, tariffs permit certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed s
39、o that American products are able to compete better with certain foreign goods. Government also provides aid to farmers by subsidizing prices they receive for their crops. In quite a different area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves, by making grants to workin
40、g parents with dependent children, by providing medical care for the aged and the indigent, and through social insurance programs to help the unemployed and retirees. Government also supplies relief for the poor and help for the disabled. 56 Which of the following services is not offered by the fede
41、ral government? （ A） Postal system. （ B） Military establishment. （ C） Funding the public educational systems. （ D） Police and fire protection service. 57 The government regulate private enterprises for the main purpose of_. （ A） promoting the growth of the national economy （ B） assuring the business
42、 serves the best interests of the people （ C） eliminating unfair competitions （ D） fighting against the competitions from foreign countries 58 If the US government raises its tariffs, then_. （ A） the American products may get an upper hand in competing with certain foreign goods （ B） the American co
43、nsumers can buy more cheap foreign-made products （ C） the import volume of US may increase greatly （ D） the domestic inflation can be eliminated 59 The Food and Drug Administration was established for the purpose of_. （ A） eliminating monopoly （ B） supervising the standards of quality in food （ C） f
44、ighting against the governments control （ D） fighting against the foreign competition 60 In telephone or electric service, regulation is necessary because_. （ A） in these areas monopoly has been established （ B） these areas are faced with fierce competitions （ C） these enterprises are inclined to ma
45、ke unfair security （ D） these enterprises concern a lot with the public security 60 A very important world problem in fact, I think it may be most important of all the great world problems which face us at the present time is the rapidly increasing pressure of population on the land. The population
46、of the world today is about 4, 000, 000, 000. That is an enormous number, yet it is known quite accurately, because there are very few parts of the world which have not carried out a modern census. The important thing is not so much the actual population of twenty million about six months increase i
47、n world population. Take Australia. There are ten million people in Australia. So it takes the world about three months to add to itself a population which peoples that vast country. Let us take our own crowded country, England and Walesforty-five to fifty million people. This is just about a years
48、supply. By this time tomorrow, and every day, there will be added to the earth about 120. 000 extra people just about the population of the city of York. I am not talking about birth rate. This is net increase. To give you some idea of birth rate, look at the second hand of your watch. Every second,
49、 three babies are born somewhere in the world. Another baby! Another baby! You cannot speak quickly enough to keep up with the birth rate. This enormous increase of population will create immense problems. Unless something terrible happens, there will be as many as 7, 000, 000, 000 people on the surface of the earth! So this is a problem which you are going to see in your lifetime. 61 The population of the world today is about_. （ A） 400 million
