1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 175及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 All international chain schools teach many different languages. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 2
2、 One of the advantages of chain schools is that they are famous all over the world. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 3 The success of chain schools is to some extent because of their marketing and advertising. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 4 Chains dont produce their own course book material. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 5 All
3、chains can offer students the same type of course in different places. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 6 Students can enjoy a simple booking and enrolment procedure in some chains. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 7 Chain schools often change their locations. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 8 Studying in an English-speaking country
4、is a very effective way to learn English. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 9 Chains dont offer students the chance to pursue their study from one country to another. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 10 Chains make learning flexible. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must
5、 answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 Which of the following about pickpocketing is not true? （ A） It is a fast increasing crime. （ B） Its methods are improving. （ C） Nobody is safe from a veteran pickpocket. （ D） There are about 4 000 000 victims
6、every year. 12 What was probably the reason for discontinuing to hang a pickpocket in the 18th century? （ A） Hanging was a useless warning. （ B） It was too cruel and violent. （ C） Too many people watched the practice. （ D） Other pickpockets were only spectators. 13 Where is the least likely place fo
7、r pickpocketing? （ A） Banks and supermarkets. （ B） Train and bus stations. （ C） Post offices and hospitals. （ D） Elevators and airports. 14 What are the speakers doing? （ A） Visiting the new restaurant. （ B） Watching a parade. （ C） Having a picnic. （ D） Going to the beach. 15 How does the man feel a
8、bout the rain? （ A） Excited. （ B） Confused. （ C） Afraid. （ D） Surprised. 16 What will the speakers probably do next? （ A） Go home. （ B） Go to a restaurant. （ C） Unpack the car. （ D） Put a dry blanket under the tree. 17 What does George Orwell do? （ A） A literary critic. （ B） A war correspondent. （ C
9、） A volunteer in the Spanish Civil War. （ D） A novelist. 18 Where was George Orwell born? （ A） Spain. （ B） America. （ C） Burma. （ D） India. 19 What is most important in Orwells life? （ A） Although English, he was actually not born in England. （ B） He was a student of the famous English public school
10、, Eton. （ C） He tried to enlighten and change society through his works. （ D） He worked as a policeman in Burma for five years. 20 What are the listeners going to do after the presentation? （ A） To ask the speaker questions. （ B） To discuss Animal Farm. （ C） To write essays on Orwells life. （ D） To
11、read the book 1984. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questio
12、ns 21-30. 21 When did Dr. Huber get his own telescope? 22 Where was the interview conducted? 23 What were the two things that interested Dr. Huber? 24 When did Dr. Huber become interested in piano? 25 What s the common misconception about art and science? 26 What do the study of science and the stud
13、y of art require? 27 Who do not probably notice the beauty of theoretical physics? 28 What job did Dr. Huber compare physics to? 29 What does Dr. Huber think accomplish the same objective? 30 What does Dr. Huber compare the universe to? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the
14、following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 30 “Down-to-earth“ means someone or something that is honest, realistic and easy to deal with. It is a pleasure to find【 C1】 _who is down-to-earth. A person who is down-to-earth is easy
15、to talk【 C2】 _and accepts other people as equals. A down-to-earth person is just the【 C3】 _of someone who acts important or proud. Down-to-earth persons may be【 C4】 _members of society, of course. But they do not let their importance “【 C5】 _to their heads“. They do not consider themselves to be bet
16、ter persons than【 C6】 _of less importance. Someone who is filled with his own importance and pride,【 C7】 _without cause, is said to have “his nose in the air“. There is【 C8】 _way a person with his nose in the air can be down-to-earth. Americans【 C9】 _another expression that means almost the same as
17、“ down-to-earth“. The expression is “ both-feet-on-the-ground“. Someone【 C10】 _both-feet-on-the-ground is a person with a good understanding【 C11】 _reality. He has what is called “common sense, “ he may have dreams,【 C12】 _he does not allow them to block his knowledge of【 C13】 _is real. The opposite
18、 kind of【 C14】 _is one who has his “head-in-the-clouds“. A man with his head-in-the-clouds is a dreamer【 C15】 _mind is not in the real world. 【 C16】 _, such a dreamer can be brought back to earth. Sharp words from teacher can usually【 C17】 _a day-dreaming student down-to-earth. Usually, the person w
19、ho is down-to-earth is very【 C18】 _ to have both feet on the ground.【 C19】 _we have both our feet on the ground, when we are down-to-earth, we act honestly and openly【 C20】 _others. Our lives are like the ground below us, solid and strong. 31 【 C1】 32 【 C2】 33 【 C3】 34 【 C4】 35 【 C5】 36 【 C6】 37 【 C
20、7】 38 【 C8】 39 【 C9】 40 【 C10】 41 【 C11】 42 【 C12】 43 【 C13】 44 【 C14】 45 【 C15】 46 【 C16】 47 【 C17】 48 【 C18】 49 【 C19】 50 【 C20】 Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 50 Opinion polls
21、 are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to make ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some primary questions about the future of
22、work. Would we continue to treat employment as the norm? Would we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighb
23、orhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brou
24、ght may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could provide the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many p
25、eople dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transportation improved, first by rail and then by road, people com
26、muted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the place in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial time, men and women had shared the productive work of the househ
27、old and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes. It was not only wo
28、men whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded -a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to s
29、witch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs. 51 Research carried out in the recent opinion polls shows that_. （ A） available employment should be restricted to a small perce
30、ntage of the population （ B） new jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figures （ C） available employment must be more widely distributed among the unemployed （ D） the nowadays high unemployment figures are a truth of life 52 The arrival of the industrial age in our historical ev
31、olution meant that_. （ A） universal employment virtually guaranteed prosperity （ B） economic freedom came within everyones control （ C） patterns of work were fundamentally changed （ D） peoples attitudes to work had to be reversed 53 The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries meant that_. （ A） peo
32、ple were no longer legally entitled to own land （ B） people were driven to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselves （ C） people were not adequately compensated for the loss of their land （ D） people were badly paid for the work they managed to find 54 The effects of almost universal employm
33、ent were overwhelming in that_. （ A） the household and village community disappeared completely （ B） men now travelled enormous distances to their places of work （ C） young and old people became superfluous components of society （ D） the work status of those not in paid employment suffered 55 The ar
34、ticle concludes that_. （ A） the creation of jobs for all is an impossibility （ B） our efforts and resources in terms of tackling unemployment are insufficient （ C） people should begin supporting themselves by learning a practical skill （ D） we should help those whose jobs are only part-time 55 Throu
35、ghout history there have been many unusual taxes levied on such things as hats, Beds, Baths, marriages, and funerals. At one time England levied a tax on sunlight by collection from every household with six or more windows. And according to legend, there was a Turkish ruler who collected a tax each
36、time he dined with one of his subjects. Why? To pay for the wear and tear on his teeth! Different kinds of taxes help to spread the tax burden. Anyone who pays a tax is said to “bear the burden“ of the tax. The burden of a tax may fall more heavily on some persons than on others. That is why the thr
37、ee levels of government in this country use several kinds of taxes. This spreads the burden of taxes among more people. From the standpoint of their use, the most important taxes are income taxes, property taxes, sales taxes, and estate, inheritance, and gift taxes. Some are used by only one level o
38、f government; others by two or even all three levels. Together these different taxes make up what is called our tax system. Income taxes are the main source of federal revenues. The federal government gets more than three-fourths of its revenue from income taxes. As its name indicated, an income tax
39、 is a tax on earnings. Both individuals and business corporations pay a federal income tax. The oldest tax in the United States today is the property tax. It provides most of the income for local governments. It provides at least a part of the income for all but a few states. It is not used by the f
40、ederal government. A sales tax is a tax levied on purchases. Most people living in the United States know about sales taxes since they are used in all but four states. Actually there are several kinds of sales taxes, But only three of them are important. They are general sales taxes, excise taxes, a
41、nd import taxes. Other three closely related taxes are estate, inheritance, and gift taxes. Everything a person owns, including both real and personal property, makes up his or her estate. When someone dies, ownership of his or her property or estate passes on to one or more individuals or organizat
42、ions. Before the property is transferred, however, it is subject to an estate tax if its value exceeds a certain amount. 56 The reason that the Turkish ruler collected a dining tax is to pay for_. （ A） the inconvenience for him to put on and take off clothes （ B） the damage that eating did to his te
43、eth （ C） his efforts to cut the food into pieces （ D） the decay of his teeth because of sugar 57 The government levies different kinds of taxes so that_. （ A） the rich have to pay more and the poor less （ B） a wider range of taxpayers can be included （ C） each of three levels of government could get
44、 tax money （ D） the burden of taxes falls evenly on everybody 58 The federal government gets most of their income from_. （ A） property tax （ B） income tax （ C） sales tax （ D） estate tax 59 How many states levy import taxes in the U. S. A. ? （ A） 4. （ B） 50 （ C） 46 （ D） 54 60 Which of the following s
45、tatements is NOT true? （ A） Any form of property is subject to an estate tax when transferred. （ B） Property tax provides a part of income for local government. （ C） There are a few kinds of sales taxes. （ D） Individuals and corporations both pay income taxes. 60 World leaders met recently at United
46、 Nations headquarters in New York City to discuss the environmental issues raised at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. The heads of state were supposed to decide what further steps should be taken to halt the decline of Earths life-support systems. In fact, this meeting had much the flavour of the origi
47、nal Earth Summit. To wit: empty promises, hollow rhetoric, Bickering between rich and poor, and irrelevant initiatives. Think U. S. Congress in slow motion. Almost obscured by this torpor is the fact that there has been some remarkable progress over the past five yearsreal changes in the attitude of
48、 ordinary people in the Third World toward family size and a dawning realisation that environmental degradation and their own well-being are intimately, and inversely, linked. Almost none of this, however, has anything to do with what the bureaucrats accomplished in Rio. Or it didnt accomplish. One
49、item on the agenda at Rio, for example, was a renewed effort to save tropical forests. (A previous UN-sponsored initiative had fallen apart when it became clear that it actually hastened deforestation.) After Rio, a UN working group came up with more than 100 recommendations that have so far gone nowhere. One proposed forestry pact would do little more than immunizing wood-exporting nations against trade sanctions. An effort to draft an
