1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 185及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 The speech is mainly about the organization of the company. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 2 Peo
2、ple like the changes in the organization of the company. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 3 All directors on the Board are full-time employees in the company. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 4 The job of the Board of Directors is to administrate the company. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 5 The chairman of the Board is appointed by
3、 the Board. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 6 MD refers to “a doctor of medicine“. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 7 MD is the absolute head of the company. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 8 MD decides companys policies and carries them out. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 9 MD has six departmental managers at the moment. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE
4、 10 The speaker will introduce six departmental managers one by one. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 Which job does the woman suggest to the man? （ A）
5、Baby-sitting. （ B） House-cleaning. （ C） House-sitting. （ D） Mowing the lawn. 12 What/Who should students contact if they want to get a summer job? （ A） The Student Union. （ B） The Student Employment Office. （ C） The Workers Union. （ D） The Student Part-time Job Office. 13 What would happen to a stud
6、ent if his employer reports his improper behavior? （ A） He would be fired. （ B） He would not get his pay. （ C） He would not get another job. （ D） He would be fined. 14 What was the cause of the tragedy? （ A） Bad weather. （ B） Human error. （ C） Breakdown of the engines. （ D） Communications system fai
7、lure. 15 How high are the mountains in Norweija? （ A） Two thousand feet. （ B） Twelve thousand feet. （ C） Twenty thousand feet. （ D） Twenty-two thousand feet. 16 What lesson could be drawn from the accident? （ A） Accurate communication is of utmost importance. （ B） Pilots should be able to speak seve
8、ral foreign languages. （ C） Air controllers should keep a close watch on the weather. （ D） Cooperation between pilots and air controllers is essential. 17 What is the main topic of this talk? （ A） Bicycles and cars. （ B） Building codes. （ C） Energy conservation. （ D） New housing construction. 18 Why
9、 is insulation required in new houses? （ A） To limit discussion on heating bills. （ B） To prevent heat loss. （ C） To determine the temperature in homes. （ D） To convert homes to electric heat. 19 What is the purpose of building new houses facing north or south? （ A） To avoid direct sunlight. （ B） To
10、 limit space used. （ C） To keep out the cold. （ D） To conform to other houses. 20 What has the city of Davis provided for bicycle riders? （ A） Special paths. （ B） Resurfaced highways. （ C） More parking space. （ D） Better street lighting. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer
11、 the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 How many planets are there in the solar system revolving around the s
12、un? 22 Which planet do people think is the most important one? 23 From which field of science do we learn a lot about the planets? 24 How long have astronomers studied the planets and other objects in space? 25 What kind of new technology helped us a lot to study the planets? 26 Which planet is the
13、closest planet to the sun, Mercury, Mars, Venus or Jupiter? 27 How long does it take Mercury to complete its orbit around the sun? 28 How long does it take the Earth to rotate on its own axis once? 29 Which planet is the easiest for people to see in the sky, Earth, Mercury, Venus or Jupiter? 30 Whic
14、h is the largest one of all the planets? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 30 “Down-to-earth“ means someone or something that is honest, realistic and easy t
15、o deal with. It is a pleasure to find【 C1】 _who is down-to-earth. A person who is down-to-earth is easy to talk【 C2】 _and accepts other people as equals. A down-to-earth person is just the【 C3】 _of someone who acts important or proud. Down-to-earth persons may be【 C4】 _members of society, of course.
16、 But they do not let their importance “【 C5】 _to their heads“. They do not consider themselves to be better persons than【 C6】 _of less importance. Someone who is filled with his own importance and pride, 【 C7】 _without cause, is said to have “his nose in the air“. There is【 C8】 _way a person with hi
17、s nose in the air can be down-to-earth. Americans【 C9】 _another expression that means almost the same as “down-to-earth“. The expression is “both-feet-on-the-ground“. Someone【 C10】 _both-feet-on-the-ground is a person with a good understanding【 C11】 _reality. He has what is called “ common sense, “
18、he may have dreams, 【 C12】 _he does not allow them to block his knowledge of【 C13】 _is real. The opposite kind of【 C14】 _is one who has his “head-in-the-clouds“. A man with his head-in-the-clouds is a dreamer【 C15】 _mind is not in the real world. 【 C16】 _, such a dreamer can be brought back to earth
19、. Sharp words from teacher can usually【 C17】 _a day-dreaming student down-to-earth. Usually, the person who is down-to-earth is very【 C18】 _ to have both feet on the ground.【 C19】 _we have both our feet on the ground, when we are down-to-earth, we act honestly and openly【 C20】 _others. Our lives are
20、 like the ground below us, solid and strong. 31 【 C1】 32 【 C2】 33 【 C3】 34 【 C4】 35 【 C5】 36 【 C6】 37 【 C7】 38 【 C8】 39 【 C9】 40 【 C10】 41 【 C11】 42 【 C12】 43 【 C13】 44 【 C14】 45 【 C15】 46 【 C16】 47 【 C17】 48 【 C18】 49 【 C19】 50 【 C20】 Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the quest
21、ions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 50 Today TV audiences all over the world are accustomed to the sight of American astronauts in tip-top condition, with fair hair, crew-cuts, good teeth, an uncomplicated sense of humour and a severely limited no
22、n-technical vocabulary. What marks out an astronaut from his earthbound fellow human beings is something of a difficult problem. Should you wish to interview him, you must apply beforehand, and you must be prepared for a longish wait, even if your application meets with success. It is, in any case,
23、out of the question to interview an astronaut about his family life or personal activities, Because all the astronauts have contracts with an American magazine under conditions forbidding any unauthorized disclosures about their private lives. Certain obvious qualities are needed. Anyone who would b
24、e a spaceman must be in perfect health, must have powers of concentration(since work inside a spacecraft is exceptionally demanding)and must have considerable courage. Again, space-work calls for dedication. Courage and dedication are particularly essential. In the well-known case of the Challenger
25、seven crew members lost their lives in space because of the faulty equipment in the shuttle. Another must be outstanding scientific expertise. It goes without saying that they all have to have professional aeronautical qualifications and experience. A striking feature of the astronauts is their ages
26、. For the younger man, in his twenties, say, space is out. Only one of the fifty men working for NASA in 1970 was under 30. The oldest astronaut to date is Alan Shepard, Americas first man in space, who, at nearly fifty, was also the man who captained Apollo 13. The average age is the late thirties.
27、 The crew members of Apollo 11 were all born well before the Second World War. In 1986 the Challenger astronauts had an average age of 39. The range was from 35 to 46. In a society where marital continuity is not always exhibited, the astronauts record in this respect hits you in the eye. Of all the
28、 married men in NASA group, only two or three are divorced from their wives. Mind you, it is hard to tell whether something in the basic character of an astronaut encourages fidelity or whether the selection process demands that a candidate should be happily married. The NASA astronauts live in unat
29、tractive small communities dotted here and there around the base in Texas. You would expect them to find their friends from among their professional associates, But this is not the case. Rather, they prefer to make friends with the normal folk in their districts. Astronauts, like everybody else, mus
30、t get fed up with talking shop all the time, and whereas they are indeed an elite, their daily life outside work should be as normal as possible, if only for the sake of their families. As for the astronauts political leanings, they seem to be towards the right. This may be due to the fact that a la
31、rge proportion of the astronauts have a military background. On the other hand, it could be just coincidence. 51 Details of the private life of an astronaut are hard to come by, Because they are _ . （ A） his own business and privacy （ B） secrets as far as interviews are concerned （ C） the property o
32、f an American magazine （ D） the first-rate national confidential information 52 To audience, the typical American astronaut （ A） has a limited vocabulary （ B） is a clean-cut, cheerful and frank guy （ C） cant understand a sophisticated joke （ D） is well-built but rather slow-witted 53 In politics, as
33、tronauts are generally_. （ A） democrats （ B） republicans （ C） conservatives （ D） communists 54 The phrase“ talking shop“(Line 4, Para. 6)probably means_. （ A） talking about shopping （ B） discussing ones work with colleagues （ C） exchanging personal news （ D） talking with friends in a group 55 Which
34、of the statements is NOT true? （ A） Astronauts have a good job which demands high. （ B） The divorce rate in NASA is very low. （ C） The NASA astronauts mostly find friends from among their work. （ D） There is no younger man in his twenties in the spaceship. 55 Defenders of special protective labor le
35、gislation for women often maintain that eliminating such laws would destroy the fruits of a century-long struggle for the protection of women workers. Even a brief examination of the historic practice of courts and employers would show that the fruit of such laws has been bitter; they are, in practi
36、ce, more of a curse than a blessing. Sex-defined protective laws have often been based on stereotypical assumptions concerning women s needs and abilities, and employers have frequently used them as legal excuses for discriminating against women. After the Second World War, for example, businesses a
37、nd government sought to persuade women to vacate jobs in factories, thus making room in the labor force for returning veterans. The revival or passage of state laws limiting the daily or weekly work hours of women conveniently accomplished this. Employers had only to declare that overtime hours were
38、 a necessary condition of employment or promotion in their factory, and women could be quite legally fired, refused jobs, or kept at low wage levels, all in the name of “protecting“ their health. By validating such laws when they are challenged by lawsuits, the courts have colluded over the years in
39、 establishing different, less advantageous employment terms for women than for men, thus reducing women s competitiveness on the job market. At the same time, even the most well-intentioned lawmakers, courts, and employers have often been blind to the real needs of women. The lawmakers and the court
40、s continue to permit employers to offer employee health insurance plans that cover all known human medical disabilities except those relating to pregnancy and childbirth. Finally, labor laws protecting only special groups are often ineffective at protecting the workers who are actually in the workpl
41、ace. Some chemicals, for example, pose reproductive risks for women of childbearing years; manufacturers using the chemicals comply with laws protecting women against these hazards by refusing to hire them. Thus the sex-defined legislation protects the hypothetical female worker, but has no effect w
42、hatever on the safety of any actual employee. The health risks to male employees in such industries cannot be negligible, since chemicals toxic enough to cause birth defects in fetuses or sterility in women are presumably harmful to the human metabolism. Protective laws aimed at changing production
43、materials or techniques in order to reduce such hazards would benefit all employees without discriminating against any. In sum, protective labor laws for women are discriminatory and do not meet their intended purpose. Legislators should recognize that women are in the work force to stay, and that t
44、heir needs good health care, a decent wage, and a safe workplace are the needs of all workers. Laws that ignore these facts violate women s rights for equal protection in employment. 56 According to the author, which of the following resulted from the passage or revival of state laws limiting the wo
45、rk hours of women workers? （ A） Women workers were compelled to leave their jobs in factories. （ B） Many employers had difficulty in providing jobs for returning veterans. （ C） Many employers found it hard to attract women workers. （ D） The health of most women factory workers improved. 57 According
46、 to the first paragraph of the passage, the author considers which of the following to be most helpful in determining the value of special protective labor legislation for women? （ A） A comparative study of patterns of work-related illnesses in states that had such laws and in states that did not. （
47、 B） An estimate of how many women workers are in favor of such laws. （ C） An analysis of the cost to employers of complying with such laws. （ D） An examination of the actual effects that such laws have had in the past on women workers. 58 The main point of the passage is that special protective labo
48、r laws for women workers are_. （ A） unnecessary because most workers are well protected by existing labor laws （ B） harmful to the economic interests of women workers while offering them little or no actual protection （ C） not worth preserving even though they do represent a hardwon legacy of the la
49、bor movement （ D） controversial because male workers receive less protection than they require 59 The author implies that which of the following is characteristic of many employee health insurance plans? （ A） They cover all the common medical conditions affecting men, but only some of those affecting women. （ B） They lack the special provisions for women workers that proposed special labor laws for women would provide. （ C） They pay the medical costs associat
