1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 188及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 John was in a nursery school for one year. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 2 The work in the kind
2、ergarten includes story retelling, drawing, singing and studying. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 3 John went to Junior School at the age of five. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 4 Some children may still have to take an exam called “eleven-plus“ nowadays. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 5 In Britain, secondary schools consist of g
3、rammar schools, technical schools, comprehensive schools and academic schools. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 6 Most children go to a grammar school. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 7 Comprehensive schools can satisfy all levels of academic abilities. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 8 A private school was called a public school in
4、 Britain. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 9 According to Martin, the riches have the priority choosing the best schools for their children. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 10 John thinks that if people give up some traditional ideas, every child will have a chance to go to college. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE Part B Directions:
5、 You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, what is the first thing he should do? （ A） Complain personally to the manager. （ B） Threaten to tak
6、e the matter to court. （ C） Write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase. （ D） Show some written proof of the purchase to the store. 12 If a consumer wants a quick settlement of the problem, whom is it better to complain to? （ A） A shop assistant. （ B） The store manager. （ C） The manufa
7、cturer. （ D） A public organization. 13 How can the most effective complaint be made? （ A） Showing the fault item to the manager. （ B） Explaining exactly what is wrong with the item. （ C） Saying firmly that the item is of poor quality. （ D） Asking politely to change the item. 14 When was the American
8、 Football Association founded? （ A） In 1913. （ B） In 1930. （ C） In 1914. （ D） In 1917. 15 Which of the following records of the US football team is true? （ A） First place in the 3rd world Cup. （ B） Second place in the 4th World Cup. （ C） Third place in the 1st World Cup. （ D） Fourth place in the 2nd
9、 World Cup. 16 Where was the finals of the World Cup in 1994 held? （ A） In England. （ B） In the USA. （ C） In Mexico. （ D） In France. 17 What does the speaker mainly discuss? （ A） The distribution of different species of amphibians. （ B） Possible reasons for reduction in the number of amphibians. （ C
10、） The effects of environmental change on the fish industry. （ D） Guidelines for the responsible use of pesticides. 18 According to the speaker, how do developers contribute to the reduction of amphibian population? （ A） By taking over ponds. （ B） By constructing sewers. （ C） By building dams on rive
11、rs. （ D） By flooding marshes. 19 According to the speaker, how do some pesticides get into ponds? （ A） They are applied to aquatic weeds by fish farming. （ B） Amphibians release them from their skin. （ C） Irresponsible dispose of them in ponds. （ D） They are washed into ponds by the rain. 20 Accordi
12、ng to the speaker, why do pesticides pose a threat to amphibians? （ A） Pesticides can cause an amphibians skin to dry out. （ B） Pesticides kill the insects that amphibians depend on for food. （ C） Dissolved pesticides can easily enter amphibians bodies. （ D） Amphibians may eat plants that have been
13、treated with pesticides. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Qu
14、estions 21-30. 21 Where was the letter probably placed many years ago? 22 What was there under a rock once at the southern trip of Africa? 23 How long did the journey take from England to India in the old days? 24 Where could the boats find the letters at Cape Horn? 25 What was marked on each box in
15、side the tree in Washington? 26 Who did the people usually give letters to after the English colonists just arrived at America? 27 Where was the mail at a plantation passed on to me? 28 How long did it take for a letter sent by a post rider to reach the addressee between New York and Boston? 29 What
16、 did Franklin set up between the northern and southern colonies? 30 What was used to carry most mail after the colonies became a nation? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on AN
17、SWER SHEET 1. 30 Children who grip their pens too close to the writing point are likely to be at a disadvantage in examinations, 【 C1】 _to the first serious investigation into the way in which writing technique can dramatically affect educational achievement. The survey of 643 children and adults, r
18、anking from pre-school to 40-plus, also suggests【 C2】 _ pen-holding techniques have deteriorated sharply over one generation, with teachers now paying far【 C3】 _attention to correct pen grip and handwriting style. Stephanie Thomas, a learning support teacher【 C4】 _findings have been published, was i
19、nspired to investigate this area【 C5】 _ he noticed that those students who had the most trouble with spelling【 C6】 _ had a poor pen grip. While Mr. Thomas could not establish a significant statistical link【 C7】 _pen-holding style and accuracy in spelling, he【 C8】 _find huge differences in technique
20、between the young children and the mature adults, and a definite【 C9】_between near-point gripping and slow, illegible writing. People who【 C10】 _their pens at the writing point also show other characteristics【 C11】 _ inhibit learning, 【 C12】 _as poor posture, leaning too【 C13】 _ to the desk, using f
21、our fingers to grip the pen【 C14】 _than three, and clumsy positioning of the thumb(which can obscure【 C15】 _is being written). Mr. Thomas believes that the【 C16】 _between elder and younger writers is【 C17】 _too dramatic to be accounted for simply by the possibility that people get better at writing
22、as they grow【 C18】 _. He attributes it to a failure to teach the most effective methods, pointing out that the differences between【 C19】 _ groups coincides with the abandonment of formal handwriting instruction in classrooms in the sixties. “The 30-year-old showed a huge diversity of grips, 【 C20】 _
23、the over 40s group all had a uniform tripod grip. “ 31 【 C1】 32 【 C2】 33 【 C3】 34 【 C4】 35 【 C5】 36 【 C6】 37 【 C7】 38 【 C8】 39 【 C9】 40 【 C10】 41 【 C11】 42 【 C12】 43 【 C13】 44 【 C14】 45 【 C15】 46 【 C16】 47 【 C17】 48 【 C18】 49 【 C19】 50 【 C20】 Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer th
24、e questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 50 Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to make ways of sharing the avai
25、lable employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some primary questions about the future of work. Would we continue to treat employment as the norm? Would we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of
26、us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form
27、 of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could provide the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not mea
28、nt economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries an
29、d removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transportation improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the place in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment
30、 put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial time, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations sti
31、ll assume this norm today and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes. It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and m
32、ore retired people want to live active lives. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs. 51 Research carri
33、ed out in the recent opinion polls shows that_. （ A） available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the population （ B） new jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figures （ C） available employment must be more widely distributed among the unemployed （ D） the n
34、owaday high unemployment figures are a truth of life 52 The arrival of the industrial age in our historical evolution meant that_. （ A） universal employment virtually guaranteed prosperity （ B） economic freedom came within everyones control （ C） patterns of work were fundamentally changed （ D） peopl
35、es attitudes to work had to be reversed 53 The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries meant that_. （ A） people were no longer legally entitled to own land （ B） people were driven to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselves （ C） people were not adequately compensated for the loss of their
36、 land （ D） people were badly paid for the work they managed to find 54 The effects of almost universal employment were overwhelming in that_. （ A） the household and village community disappeared completely （ B） men now travelled enormous distances to their places of work （ C） young and old people be
37、came superfluous components of society （ D） the work status of those not in paid employment suffered 55 The article concludes that_. （ A） the creation of jobs for all is an impossibility （ B） our efforts and resources in terms of tackling unemployment are insufficient （ C） people should begin suppor
38、ting themselves by learning a practical skill （ D） we should help those whose jobs arc only part-time 55 Throughout history there have been many unusual taxes levied on such things as hats, Beds, Baths, marriages, and funerals. At one time England levied a tax on sunlight by collection from every ho
39、usehold with six or more windows. And according to legend, there was a Turkish ruler who collected a tax each time he dined with one of his subjects. Why? To pay for the wear and tear on his teeth! Different kinds of taxes help to spread the tax burden. Anyone who pays a tax is said to “bear the bur
40、den“of the tax. The burden of a tax may fall more heavily on some persons than on others. That is why the three levels of government in this country use several kinds of taxes. This spreads the burden of taxes among more people. From the standpoint of their use, the most important taxes are income t
41、axes, property taxes, sales taxes, and estate, inheritance, and gift taxes. Some are used by only one level of government; others by two or even all three levels. Together these different taxes make up what is called our tax system. Income taxes are the main source of federal revenues. The federal g
42、overnment gets more than three-fourths of its revenue from income taxes. As its name indicated, an income tax is a tax on earnings. Both individuals and business corporations pay a federal income tax. The oldest tax in the United States today is the property tax. It provides most of the income for l
43、ocal governments. It provides at least a part of the income for all but a few states. It is not used by the federal government. A sales tax is a tax levied on purchases. Most people living in the United States know about sales taxes since they are used in all but four states. Actually there are seve
44、ral kinds of sales taxes, But only three of them are important. They are general sales taxes, excise taxes, and import taxes. Other three closely related taxes are estate, inheritance, and gift taxes. Everything a person owns, including both real and personal property, makes up his or her estate. Wh
45、en someone dies, ownership of his or her property or estate passes on to one or more individuals or organizations. Before the property is transferred, however, it is subject to an estate tax if its value exceeds a certain amount. 56 The reason that the Turkish ruler collected a dining tax is to pay
46、for_. （ A） the inconvenience for him to put on and take off clothes （ B） the damage that eating did to his teeth （ C） his efforts to cut the food into pieces （ D） the decay of his teeth because of sugar 57 The government levies different kinds of taxes so that_. （ A） the rich have to pay more and th
47、e poor less （ B） a wider range of taxpayers can be included （ C） each of three levels of government could get tax money （ D） the burden of taxes falls evenly on everybody 58 The federal government gets most of their income from_. （ A） property tax （ B） income tax （ C） sales tax （ D） estate tax 59 Ho
48、w many states levy import taxes in the U. S. A. ? （ A） 4 （ B） 50 （ C） 46 （ D） 54 60 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Any form of property is subject to an estate tax when transferred. （ B） Property tax provides a part of income for local government. （ C） There are a few kinds of s
49、ales taxes. （ D） Individuals and corporations both pay income taxes. 60 World leaders met recently at United Nations headquarters in New York City to discuss the environmental issues raised at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. The heads of state were supposed to decide what further steps should be taken to halt the decline of Earths life-support systems. In fact, this meeting had much the flavour of the original Earth Summit. To wit: empty p
