1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 20及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Jenny doesnt have a heavy load this semester. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 2 Jenny failed in c
2、hemistry last semester. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 Jenny is a third year student. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 Prof. Weston taught Jenny American novel last semester. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 Prof Weston will give her two seminars this semester. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 6 Prof. Weston agrees with Jenny about th
3、e theme of Travels with Charley. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 Jenny is very good at watercolors. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 The course of watercolors is unnecessary for those who have experience in oil painting. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 Jenny has experience in sketches. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 Prof. Weston
4、agrees to sign her card. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 What would happen if you misuse your eyes? （ A） You may feel uncomfortable in various ways. （
5、 B） You may have to wear glasses. （ C） You can let your eyes rest for a while. （ D） You can go and see a doctor. 12 What is said about the best distance between a book and our eyes when reading? （ A） It is 14 inches. （ B） It is hard to figure out. （ C） It varies from person to person. （ D） It depend
6、s on lighting conditions. 13 What is the talk mainly about? （ A） Good reading skills. （ B） Diseases related to eyes. （ C） Health guides for students. （ D） Proper eye-use in reading. 14 What are the speakers trying to do? （ A） Visit the new restaurant. （ B） Watch a parade. （ C） Have a picnic. （ D） Go
7、 to the beach. 15 How does the man feel about the rain? （ A） Excited. （ B） Confused. （ C） Afraid. （ D） Surprised. 16 What will the speakers probably do next? （ A） Go home. （ B） Go to a restaurant. （ C） Unpack the car. （ D） Put a dry blanket under the tree. 17 What is George Orwell mainly known as? （
8、 A） A literary critic. （ B） A war correspondent. （ C） A volunteer in the Spanish Civil War. （ D） A novelist. 18 Where was George Orwell born? （ A） Spain. （ B） America. （ C） Burma. （ D） India. 19 What is most important in Orwells life? （ A） Although English, be was actually not born in England. （ B）
9、He was a student of the famous English public school, Eton. （ C） He tried to enlighten and change society through his works. （ D） He worked as a policeman in Burma for five years. 20 What are the listeners going to do after the presentation? （ A） To ask the speaker questions. （ B） To discuss “ANIMAL
10、 FARM“. （ C） To write essays on Orwells life. （ D） To read the book “1984“. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will he
11、ar the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 What kind of overview does the book intend to give about American society? 22 Who wrote most of the articles in the book? 23 What is said about the points of views of some articles on the same topic? 24 In what form do most article
12、s appear in this book? 25 What is the criteria for choosing an earlier article rather than a later one? 26 What type of students is the book mainly compiled for? 27 What English language level are the readers of this book expected to have? 28 What does the speaker say they would welcome from the rea
13、ders? 29 What do the compilers hope that the readers would do after reading the book? 30 In general, what aspects of America are introduced into this book? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write
14、 your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took (31). The world anxiously watched as, every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively (32) comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discov
15、erers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strong out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only (33) few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted (34) the fragments
16、were on a collision course with the giant planet. The impact caused (35) explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each (36) shammed at 60 kilometers (37) second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy wa
17、s transformed (38) heat, producing a superheated fire ball that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of (39) have stretched out (40) form dark ribbons. Although this impa
18、ct (41) was of considerable scientific import, it especially piqued public curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening. television newscast and were posted (42) the Internet. This (43) possibly the most open scientific endeavor (44) history. The face of the largest planet
19、in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And (45) the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact (46) we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults (47) celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it
20、should not have been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary exploration is that collisions (48) bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic (49), and were even more frequent in the early solar (50). Part A Directions: Read the following texts
21、and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who con
22、tinue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something abo
23、ut it. It seems that only when the government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for e
24、nvironmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It. is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the
25、 difference. Yes, the ecologist, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead
26、 the charge. We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express
27、our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between enviro
28、nment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dolla
29、rs truly on prevention rather than on bandages. 51 We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because_. （ A） they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing （ B） they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interest
30、s （ C） time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on it （ D） it is difficult for them to take effective measures 52 The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is_. （ A） to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasion （ B） to arou
31、se public awareness of the importance of environmental protection （ C） to take radical measures to control environmental pollution （ D） to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards 53 The word “tunnel visioned “(Para 3, Line 2) most probably means_. （ A） narrow-minded （ B） bli
32、nd to the facts （ C） short-sighted （ D） able to see only one aspect 54 Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems? （ A） Legislation and government intervention. （ B） The industrys understanding and support. （ C） The efforts
33、 of environmental health professionals. （ D） The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists. 55 Which of the following is TRUE according to the last paragraph? （ A） Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures. （ B） More money should
34、be spent in order to stop pollution. （ C） Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution. （ D） Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade. 56 Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major element to
35、 consider the role of government. Government has a powerful effect on the economy in at least four ways: Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system serving the entire nation, as is the large and complex military establishment. Conversely, the construction and maintenance of
36、 most highways is the responsibility of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily paid for by county or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation services are also the responsibilities of local g
37、overnment. Regulation and Control The government regulates and controls private enterprise in many ways, for the purpose of assuring that business serves the best interests of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a monopoly, such as in telephone
38、 or electric service, or in other areas where there is limited competition, as with railroads or airlines. Public policy permits such companies to make a reasonable profit, but limits their ability to raise prices unfairly (as defined by the regulators), since the public depends on their services. O
39、ften control is exercised to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of quality in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control. Stabilization and Growth. Bran
40、ches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board, attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and depression, by adjusting tax rates (including regulations pertaining to depreciation), the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also affe
41、ct the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself. Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help to businesses and individuals. For example, tariffs permit certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes
42、taxed so that American products are able to compete better with certain foreign goods. Government also provides aid to farmers by subsidizing prices they receive for their crops. In quite a different area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves, by making grants to
43、 working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care for the aged and the indigent, and through social insurance programs to help the unemployed and retirees. Government also supplies relief for the poor and help for the disabled. 56 Which of the following services is not offered by t
44、he federal government? （ A） Postal system. （ B） Military establishment. （ C） Funding the public educational systems. （ D） Police and fire protection service. 57 The government regulate private enterprises for the main purpose of_. （ A） promoting the growth of the national economy （ B） assuring the b
45、usiness serves the best interests of the people （ C） eliminating unfair competitions （ D） fighting against the competitions from foreign countries 58 If the U.S. government raises its tariffs, then_. （ A） the American products may get an upper hand in competing with certain foreign goods （ B） the Am
46、erican consumers can buy more cheap foreign-made products （ C） the import volume of U.S. may increase greatly （ D） the domestic inflation can be eliminated 59 The Food and Drug Administration was established for the purpose of_. （ A） eliminating monopoly （ B） supervising the standards of quality in
47、food （ C） fighting against the governments control （ D） fighting against the foreign competition 60 In telephone or electric service, regulation is necessary because_. （ A） in these areas monopoly has been established （ B） these areas are faced with fierce competitions （ C） these enterprises are inc
48、lined to make unfair security （ D） these enterprises concern a lot with the public security 61 A very important world problem in fact, I think it may be most important of all the great world problems which face us at the present time is the rapidly increasing pressure of population on the land. The
49、population of the world today is about 4,000,000,000. That is an enormous number, yet it is known quite accurately, because there are very few parts of the world which have not carried out a modern census. The important thing is not so much, the actual population of twenty million about six months increase in world population. Take Australia. There are ten million people in Australia. So it takes the world about three months to add to itself a population which peoples that vast country. Let us take our own crowded country, England and Wales
