1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 22及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Florence Nightingale was from a noble family. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 2 Her parents didnt
2、 want her to be a nurse because the pay was low. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 Florence failed to get a chance to train herself to be a nurse at first. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 Her mother was more willing to accept her career. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 Florence first started her formal career abroad. （ A） Ri
3、ght （ B） Wrong 6 Service in hospitals was poor at that time though equipment was good. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 The work of Florence was effective from the very beginning. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 Florence devoted all her time on the care of the ill and wounded. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 Honours had bee
4、n intended on Florence. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 Florence spent her last years in loneliness and poor health. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 Where is
5、 population growth happening? （ A） In all countries in the world. （ B） In only a few countries. （ C） In most countries. （ D） Mainly in developed countries. 12 Which of the following is true according to the talk? （ A） There has been a slower population growth in the past ten years. （ B） The worlds b
6、irth rate is higher than years ago. （ C） Families are as large as before. （ D） Birth control has been carried out well all over the world. 13 Why may it happen in the future that people working in Europe will have to pay much higher taxes? （ A） Because more and more children will be given birth. （ B
7、） Because they will earn more money. （ C） Because they will have higher living standards. （ D） Because the number of retired people will become even larger. 14 Who is the man? （ A） Student advisor. （ B） Course teacher. （ C） Admissions officer. （ D） Department secretary. 15 Which subject does the stu
8、dent say she was good at? （ A） Computer programming. （ B） Art and design. （ C） Electronics. （ D） Mathematics. 16 What will she most likely do eventually? （ A） Do basic electronics. （ B） Teach English literature. （ C） Produce educational games. （ D） Write computer programs. 17 Whats the main objectiv
9、e of a student who attends a certain number of courses? （ A） To graduate and obtain a degree. （ B） To learn something he is interested in. （ C） To avoid working. （ D） To obey his parents order. 18 why are American students usually under pressure of work? （ A） Because their academic performance will
10、affect their future career in the future. （ B） Because they are heavily involved in student affairs. （ C） Because they have to observe the university discipline. （ D） Because they want to run for positions of authority. 19 why are students enthusiastic for positions in student organizations? （ A） Be
11、cause they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study. （ B） Because they will then be able to stay longer in the university. （ C） Because such positions help them hunt better jobs. （ D） Because such positions are usually well paid. 20 In-which respect does the students organizations seem t
12、o be effective? （ A） dealing with academic affairs of the university. （ B） ensuring that the students observe university regulations. （ C） evaluating students performance in their study. （ D） keeping up the students enthusiasm for social activities. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you li
13、sten, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 Where did Polly bring his pet dog to? 22 According to Pol
14、ly, what does his dog need as he is still a puppy? 23 What will pet dogs often be mistaken for if they do not have a lead or a collar on? 24 What are dogs trained to do in Switzerland? 25 What are dogs used to do in Iceland and thus are considered very important there? 26 Who was bitten by a dog las
15、t year? 27 According to Pollys mother, what does the cat catch? 28 What did Mrs. Banks father have in the garden when she was a little girl? 29 What kind of birds did the children of Mrs. Bankss neighborhood love? 30 What is the most important thing for one to keep a pet? 一、 Section II Use of Englis
16、h (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 I was not more than thirteen years old at the time, (31), but I remember the moment as if it (32) yesterday. I had just taken my place in class, (3
17、3) I noticed a small shining coin a few feet away from my desk. I am sure it was not the desire for gain which prompted me to stoop and pick it up, (34) the coin was a farthing and almost completely worthless. But its newness (35) me, and the fact (36) I could not spend a coin of such small value, m
18、ade me want to keep it forever (37) the teacher was talking to us. I pretended to (38) a pencil and bent over. From that moment, the coin was mine. The farthing and I remained firm friends for years. Trousers wore (39), but the coin survived. It lived to see short trousers become long ones; it accom
19、panied me in my youth and early manhood. It joined the army with me during the war, and later came to the office every day when I became a (40) again. Every night when I emptied my pockets and placed their contents on my bedside table, the coin (41) its appearance. Sometimes, it would play hide and
20、seek with me and make me dig deeply into my pockets. But sure enough, it was always there, trapped inside larger items, (42) a penknife (43) in the folds of my handkerchief. It certainly kept strange company. When I was a boy, it would attach itself (44) sticky sweets, or get caught in pieces of wir
21、e. When I grew up, it took its place proudly beside the silver coins that jingled in my pocket. It had reason to be proud, for I am sure it knew (45) I would rather have lost every single coin I had than part with the precious little farthing. It did not shine any more, but at night time it would un
22、failingly arrive, last but smiling, and look up at me (46) my bedside table. One night, (47), the coin was missing. I searched everywhere, but weeks passed and I didnt find it. This time, I realized sadly that it had gone for (48) and could only hope it had found (49) nicer pocket to live (50). Part
23、 A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society. It all translates to a fundamental cha
24、nge in the way we work. Already were partly there. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western world. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan(two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service industry, and the
25、 number is on the rise. More women are in the work force than ever before. There are more part-time jobs. More people are self employed. But the breadth of the economic transformation cant be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature
26、of work itself Long held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers of all these are being challenged. We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have fore
27、seen the ways m which a single invention, the chip, would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots. Tomorrow a achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a simila
28、r wave of dramatic changes. But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth. Computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the abi
29、lity to read and write. The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of performing routine tasks will be valued above all else. If you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information services will be predominant. It will be the way you do your job. 51 A characteristic of the information
30、age is that_. （ A） the service industry is relying more and more on the female work force （ B） manufacturing industries are steadily increasing （ C） people find it harder and harder to earn a living by working in factories （ D） most of the job opportunities can now be found in the service industry 5
31、2 One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that_. （ A） the difference between the employee and employer has become insignificant （ B） peoples traditional concepts about work no longer hold true （ C） the importance of high technology has been overlooked （ D） people have to c
32、hange their jobs from time to time 53 By referring to computers and other inventions, the author means to say that_. （ A） people should be able to respond quickly to the advancement of technology （ B） future achievements in technology will bring about inconceivable dramatic changes （ C） the importan
33、ce of high technology has been overlooked （ D） computer science will play a leading role in the future information services 54 The future will probably belong to those who_. （ A） possess and know how to make use of information （ B） give full play to their brain potential （ C） involve themselves in t
34、he service industries （ D） east their mind ahead instead of looking back 55 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? （ A） Computers and the Knowledge Society （ B） Service Industries in the Modern Society （ C） Features and Implications of the New Era （ D） Rapid Advancement of I
35、nformation Technology 56 Managers spend a great deal of their time in meetings. According to Henry Mintzberg, in his book, The Nature of Managerial Work, managers in large organizations spend only 22 percent of their time on meetings. So what are the managers doing in those meetings? There have conv
36、entionally been two answers. The first is the academic version: Managers are coordinating and controlling, making decisions, solving problems and planning. This interpretation has been largely discredited because it ignores the social and political forces at work in meetings. The second version clai
37、ms that meetings provide little more than strategic sites for corporate gladiators to perform before the organizational emperors. This perspective is far more attractive, and has given rise to a large, add often humorous, body of literature on gamesmanship and posturing in meetings. It is, of course
38、, true that meeting rooms serve as shop windows for managerial talent, but this is far from the truth as a whole. The suggestion that meetings are actually battle grounds is misleading since the feelings of meetings has far more to do with comfort than conflict. Meetings are actually vital props, bo
39、th for the participants and the organization as a whole. For the organization, meetings represent recording devices. The minutes of meetings catalogue the change of the organization, at all levels, in a more systematic way than do the assorted memos and directives which are scattered about the compa
40、ny. They enshrine the minutes of corporate history, they itemize proposed actions and outcomes in a way which makes one look like the natural culmination of the other. The whole tenor of the minutes is one of total premeditation and implied continuity. They are a sanitized version of reality which s
41、uggests a reassuring level of control over events. What is more, the minutes record the debating of certain issues in an official and democratic forum, so that those not involved in the process can be assured that the decision was not taken lightly. As Dong Bennett, an administrative and financial m
42、anager with Allied Breweries, explains: “Time and effort are seen to have been invested in scrutinizing a certain course of action“. Key individuals are also seen to have put their names behind that particular course of action. The decision can therefore proceed with the full weight of the organizat
43、ion behind it, even if it actually went through “on the nod“. At the same time, the burden of responsibility is spread, so that no individual takes the blame. Thus, the public nature of formal meetings confers a degree of legitimacy on what happens in them. Having a view pass unchallenged at a meeti
44、ng can be taken to indicate consensus. However, meetings also serve as an alibi for action, as demonstrated by one manager who explained to his subordinates, “I did what I could to prevent it I had our objections minutes in two meetings. The proof of conspicuous effort was there in black and white.
45、By merely attending meetings, managers buttress their status, while non-attendance can carry with it a certain stigma. Whether individual managers intend to make a contribution or not, it is satisfying to be considered one of those whose views matter. Ostracism, for senior managers, is not being inv
46、ited to meetings. As one cynic observed, meetings are comfortingly tangible: “Who on the shop floor really believes that managers are working when they tour the works? But assemble them behind closed doors and call it a meeting and everyone will take it for granted that they are hard at work“. Manag
47、ers are being seen to earn their corn. Meetings provide managers with another form of comfort too that of formality. Meetings follow a fixed format: Exchanges are ritualized, the participants are probably known in advance, there is often a written agenda, arid there is a chance to prepare. Little wo
48、nder then, that they come as welcome relief from the upheaval and uncertainty of life outside the meeting room. Managers can draw further comfort from the realization that their peers are every bit as bemused and fallible as themselves. Meetings provide constant reminders that they share the same pr
49、oblems, preoccupations and anxieties, that they are all in the same boat. And for those who may be slightly adrift, meetings are ideal occasions for gently pulling them round. As Steve Styles, the process control manager (life services) at Legal General puts it: “The mere presence of others in meetings adds weight to teasing or censure and helps you to round up the strays“. Such gatherings therefore provide solace and direction for the management team a security blanket for managers. Meetings do serve a multitude of means as well as ends. They re
