1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 27及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 The salesman is demonstrating the new fax machine to a customer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong
2、2 The customer wants to buy some fax machines for use only in the companys branch offices. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 The customer hasnt decided how many fax machines she is going to buy. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 At first the customer wants a discount of 20 percent. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 At first the
3、salesman agrees to give the customer a discount of 12 percent. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 6 In order to be able to give the customer 15 percent discount, the salesman says he must see his company manager. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 It is impossible for the customer to get a further discount. （ A） Right （ B）
4、 Wrong 8 The salesman is prepared to extend the warranty period by one year. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 The fax machine company will promise to carry out repairs free of charge after one year if the customer loses business because of faulty machines. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 Once he receives a definite
5、 order with a deposit, the salesman says that he can deliver the machines in eight days. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 Where is the socializing done
6、 traditionally for the UK young people? （ A） MSN Spaces. （ B） Pubs money had to (38) used for buying and repairing the machines, and so on. Of course, everyone (39) had to make (40), too. Even a very simple thing (41) a piece of paper has a long story (42) it. Economists try to understand how all th
7、e parts of the long story are related. (43) economist learns how to guess (44) will happen in the future, as (45) as goods and prices are concerned. If fruit growers in Florida lose part of their crops (46) of bad weather this month, what will happen to the (47) of oranges in New York two months fro
8、m (48)? If banks charge higher interest (49) loans to builders, how will that affect the cost of a new home? These are just a few of the questions economists learn how to (50). Would you like to be an economist? Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany the
9、m by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 Its been a hundred years since the last big one in California, the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, which helped give birth to modern earthquake science. A century later, we have a highly successful theory, called plate tectonics, tha
10、t explains why 1906-type earthquakes happen along with why continents drift, mountains rise, and volcanoes line the Pacific Rim. Plate tectonics may be one of the signature triumphs of the human mind, geologys answer to biologys theory of evolution. Theres the broader question: Are there clear patte
11、rns, rules, and regularities in earthquakes, or are they inherently random and chaotic? Maybe, as Berkeley seismologist Robert Nadeau says, “A lot of the randomness is just lack of knowledge“. But any look at a seismic map shows that faults dont follow neat and orderly lines across the landscape. Th
12、ere are places, such as southern California, where they look like a shattered windshield. All that cracked, unstable crust seethes with stress. When one fault lurches, it can dump stress on other faults. UCLA seismologist David Jackson, a leader of the chaos camp, says the field of earthquake scienc
13、e is “waking up to complexity“. This regular versus chaotic debate isnt some esoteric academic squabble. Earthquakes kill people. They level cities. The tsunami of December 26, 2004, spawned by a giant earthquake, annihilated more than 220,000 lives. One of the worlds largest economies, Japan, rests
14、 nervously atop a seismically rambunctious intersection of tectonic plates. A major earthquake on one of the faults hidden underneath Los Angeles could kill ten thousand people. A tsunami could smash the Pacific Northwest. Even New York City could be rocked by a temblor. Yet at the moment, earthquak
15、e prediction remains a matter of myth, of fabulations in which birds and snakes and fish and bunny rabbits somehow sniff out the coming calamity. What scientists can do right now is make good maps of fault zones and figure out which ones are probably due for a rupture. And they can make forecasts. A
16、 forecast might say that, over a certain number of years, theres a certain likelihood of a certain magnitude earthquake in a given spot. And that you should bolt your house to its foundation and lash the water heater to the wall. Turning forecasts into predictions “a magnitude 7 earthquake is expect
17、ed here three days from now“ may be impossible, but scientists are doing everything they can to solve the mysteries of earthquakes. They break rocks in laboratories, studying how stone behaves under stress. They hike through ghost forests where dead trees tell of long-ago tsunamis. They make maps of
18、 precarious, balanced rocks m see where the ground has shaken in the past, and how hard. They dig trenches across faults, searching for the active trace. They have wired up fault zones with so many sensors its as though the Earth is a patient in intensive care. Surely, we tell ourselves trying hard
19、to be persuasive there must be some way to impose order and decorum on all that slippery ground. 51 Why did the 1906 San Francisco earthquake help give birth to modern earthquake science? （ A） People began to better understand the distribution of shaking and damage. （ B） Geological experts developed
20、 early wanting systems. （ C） The birth of a highly successful theory called plate tectonics. （ D） Geological experts can warn people in advance. 52 What is the significance of plate tectonics? （ A） It explains why 1906-type earth-quakes happen. （ B） It is a geology theory of evolution. （ C） It can w
21、arn people in advance. （ D） It marks the birth of modern earthquake science. 53 Why did scientists wire up fault zones with so many sensors? （ A） To stop faults dumping stress on other faults. （ B） To detect an earthquake. （ C） To warn people just before a quake. （ D） To send out electronic signals
22、early to prepare people. 54 How to make the earthquake prediction reliable? （ A） To observe the behavior of the sensitive animals. （ B） To find out which fault zones are probably due for a rupture. （ C） To search for the active trace. （ D） To see where the ground has shaken in the past. 55 Whats the
23、 authors opinion towards the unpredictable earthquake? （ A） A lot of the randomness is just lack of knowledge. （ B） We understand earthquakes better than we did a century ago. （ C） Earthquake prediction remains a matter of myth. （ D） There must be some way to deal with earthquake. 56 Within a month
24、of moving to London from Los Angeles in September 2002, Jacob Sager Weinstein started sending long e-mails to family and friends under the name “Jacobs London Diary“. “I had a few goals“, Weinstein said recently. “Keeping in touch with family and friends was a major one. But I also wanted to preserv
25、e the memories of our experiences in this new country and maintain my writing muscles“. Then out of nowhere, Weinstein said, he began getting requests to be added to the distribution list from people he did not know usually because someone had forwarded one of his entries. The requests made him star
26、t thinking about broadening his audience. So in February 2004 he created his own blog at . “I usually describe it as the adventures of a comedy writer in London“, he said. Weinstein said the site attracted about 100 unique visitors a day. Short for Web logs, blogs are little more than Web pages with
27、 postings that can be read by anyone using the Internet. Blogs generally can be updated easily, even by people with no knowledge of HTML coding. Blogs also tend to be written in a more conversational tone than other Web sites and generally allow readers to post their own comments on the site. When b
28、logging began in the early 1990s, they were typically little more than the authors personal diary. But today blogs can and often do include photos and video, and the subjects range from politics to religion, business to parenting. “In general I think blogging zeroes in on the human desire to be hear
29、d, to be seen and to be popular“, said Shay Harting, chief executive of OnfugeO, a California company that helps create video blogs, which are based on uploads of personal videos to Web sites. “It feeds the ego for many people“, Harting said. Weinstein said that even a complete Internet novice could
30、 create a blog by using a site like , where a person can make a few choices from a manu and, voila, a free blog is created. He said that another popular free blogging site can be found at . He said such sites generally put ads on the blogs that they help create, which is how they make money. Weinste
31、in said that if an author wanted a bit more control over a blog, it would take a little more know-how and money but not much. “I just downloaded software called Moveable Type, which is free for noncommercial use“, he said. “I then uploaded it to some computer space that I rent for about $10 a month
32、from a company called D, followed the instructions that come with Moveable Type to get it running, paid $7 to register the yankeefog, com name, and I was off“. “I didnt need to do any actual programming, but I did need to be at least a little comfortable with uploading and downloading files“, he sai
33、d. 56 The illustrations cited in the article show that the conversational tone of Blogs is _. （ A） casual. （ B） formal. （ C） friendly. （ D） humorous. 57 What is necessary for a blogger to create a blog? （ A） Blogger should have knowledge of HTML coding. （ B） Blogger should need more knowledge and mu
34、ch money. （ C） Blogger need to do actual programming. （ D） Blogger need to master uploading and downloading files. 58 Why did Jacob create a Blog instead of long e-mail? （ A） Keeping in touch with family and friends. （ B） Preserving the memories of his experiences in London. （ C） Maintaining his wri
35、ting capacity. （ D） Broadening his audience who enjoy his journal. 59 How do blogs make money to support their operation? （ A） Onfuego company invests to help Bloggers. （ B） The blogs share fund with Website. （ C） Ads put on the blogs provide money. （ D） Blog users pay money to the Biog. 60 Which is
36、 the best to define the “blog“? （ A） It feeds the ego for many people. （ B） It is to publish online about interesting topics. （ C） It is written in a more conversational tone than other Web sites. （ D） The Web pages with postings can be read by anyone using the Internet. 61 Jan Hendrik Schons succes
37、s seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only four years as a physicist at Bell Laboratories, Schon, 32, had co-anthored 90 scientific papers one every 16 days detailing new discoveries in superconductivity, lasers, nanotechnology and quantum physics. This output astonished his colleagues, and m
38、ade them suspicious. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in two separate papers which also happened to appear in the two separate papers which also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science and Nature the jig was up. In Octob
39、er 2002, a Bell Labs investigation found that Schon had falsified and fabricated data. His career as a scientist was finished. If it sounds a lot like the fall of Hwang Woo Suk the South Korean researcher who fabricated his evidence about cloning human cells it is. Scientific scandals, which are as
40、old as science itself, tend to follow similar patterns of hubris and comeuppance. Afterwards, colleagues wring their hands and wonder how such malfeasance can be avoided in the future. But it never is entirely. Science is built on the honor system; the method of peer-review, in which manuscripts are
41、 evaluated by experts in the field, is not meant to catch cheats. In recent years, of course, the pressure on scientists to publish in the top journals has increased, making the journals that much more crucial to career success. The questions raised anew by Hwangs fall are whether Nature and Science
42、 reaches the public, and whether the journals are up to their task as gatekeepers. Scientists are also trying to reach other scientists through Science and Nature, not just the public. Being often-cited will increase a scientists “Impact Factor“, a measure of how often papers are cited by peers. Fun
43、ding agencies use the Impact Factor as a rough measure of the influence of scientists theyre considering supporting. It also no doubt reflects the increasing and sometimes excessive emphasis amongst funding agencies and governments on publication measures, such as the typical rates of citation of jo
44、urnals. Whether the clamor to appear in these journals has any bearing on their ability to catch fraud is another matter. The fact is, fraud is terrifically hard to spot. The panel found that Hwang had fabricated all of the evidence for research that claimed to have cloned human cells, but that he h
45、ad successfully cloned the dog Snuppy. After this, Science sent the paper to three stem-cell experts, who had a week to look it over. Their comments were favorable. How were they to know that the data was fraudulent? With the financial and deadline pressures of the publishing industry, its unlikely
46、that the journals are going to take markedly stronger measures to vet manuscripts. Beyond replicating the experiments themselves, which would be impractical, its difficult to see what they could do to take science beyond the honor system. 61 Why was Schons career as a scientist finished? （ A） He che
47、ated on the scientific papers. （ B） His colleagues envied and were suspicious of him. （ C） He used the same data in two separate papers. （ D） He plagiarized articles and published them. 62 What raised anew by Hwangs cloning scandal? （ A） Science is not built on the honor system. （ B） Hwang had succe
48、ssfully cloned the dog Snuppy. （ C） Malfeasance can never be avoided in the future. （ D） Getting published in the top journals is tough. 63 What strategy will be taken for the two big journals after the two scandals? （ A） The experts will make efforts to catch cheats. （ B） Impact Factor will be canc
49、elled. （ C） The editors will demand scientists to be honest. （ D） They plan to change the basic editorial peer-review. 64 The favorable comments of three stem-cell experts about Hwangs paper shows _. （ A） the research is beyond the three experts. （ B） Hwang was wronged by his co-workers. （ C） its very tough to detect deliberate misrepresentations. （ D） the three experts are bribed by Hwang. 65 What does the article indicate by analyzing the two events? （ A） To unveil the truth
