1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 48及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Languages have two general levels of usage: a correct level and an incorrect level （ A）
2、 Right （ B） Wrong 2 People usually use formal language when they first meet someone. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 We tend to speak formally with colleagues. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 Formal language is used in all kinds of writings. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 Formal language and informal language are differen
3、t in many ways. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 6 People usually use more words to sound more polite. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 The sentence “Bob is crazy about that music“ is acceptable in conversation between patients and doctors. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 The word “cop“ is informal for “police officer“. （ A） R
4、ight （ B） Wrong 9 People were probably more formal in the past than today. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 The best way to learn the difference between formal and informal English is to observe and interact with native speakers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talk
5、s and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 Where is population growth happening? （ A） In all countries in the world. （ B） In only a few countries. （ C） In most countries. （ D） Mainly in developed countries. 12 Which of the following is tru
6、e according to the talk? （ A） There has been a slower population growth in the past ten years. （ B） The worlds birth rate is higher than ten years ago. （ C） Families are as large as before. （ D） Birth control has been carried out well all over the world. 13 Why may it happen in the future that peopl
7、e working in Europe will have to pay much higher taxes? （ A） Because more and more children will be given birth. （ B） Because they will earn more money. （ C） Because they will have higher living standards. （ D） Because the number of retired people will become even larger. 14 Which of the following s
8、tatements about the telephone of the future is NOT true? （ A） It will be much more complex than the telephone we use today. （ B） It will be more convenient to use than todays telephone. （ C） You will be able to dial great distances. （ D） There will be no busy lines. 15 The screens of televisions of
9、the future will become （ A） extremely large （ B） as large as walls in home （ C） as large as the screens of movies （ D） as large as you wish 16 What will happen to the programs of television of the future? （ A） All TV sets can receive some programs without paying money in a certain area. （ B） You may
10、 pay for some special programs if you like. （ C） If you are interested in a certain subject, you may borrow some video tapes about it. （ D） All of the above. 17 What is this passage mainly about? （ A） The human nose as an organ for breathing and smelling. （ B） The nose providing us with various expr
11、essions. （ C） A woman poets wish to have two noses. （ D） Interesting comments made on Cleopatras nose. 18 What does “A person who is led around by the nose“ mean? （ A） A person who lets his instinct guide him. （ B） A person who has no will of his own. （ C） A person who is decisive. （ D） A person who
12、 is full of imagination and creativity. 19 Who can be described as “a man to have his nose put out of joint“? （ A） A gay man. （ B） A sick man. （ C） A man who wants to smell a flower. （ D） A man who feels hurt and depressed. 20 What does “it is as plain as the nose on your face“ mean? （ A） It is easy
13、 to solve. （ B） Something looks like your nose. （ C） It is something quite understandable. （ D） There is a plain-looking nose on your face. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE
14、THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 How long had business-centered electronic commerce developed? 22 When we use automatic teller machines (ATM), we are _. 23 The World Wide Web was created in _. 24 What
15、 kind of society is the web leading us into? 25 On what are todays e-commerce based according to the man? 26 Instead of the affordability of cheaper access media, scientists worry about the question how to _. 27 What is a limiting factor to the prospect of e-commerce according to the man? 28 What ki
16、nd of e-money should you use if you dont want your identity revealed? 29 What kind of e-money should you use if you cant get access to network? 30 What risk does true digital cash face? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces
17、 with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 In some societies it is the custom for parents to arrange the marriages of their children. Often the bride and groom will not be (31) for their opinion in this matter, and sometimes they do not even meet each other (32) the day of the
18、 wedding. Most Americans find the idea of arranged (33) difficult to understand or accept. They believe that two people should marry for love, after a period of dating and courtship. During that period, the prospective marriage partners are supposed to (34) enough about each other to decide (35) or
19、not they will be able to build a successful marriage. In the United States marriages are seldom formally arranged, but quite a lot of informal arranging goes on before two people (36) husband and wife. People who get married are (37) to each other by friends. (38) friends have already decided that t
20、he two people are right for each other and arrange for them to meet. Friends have such great influence; their approval of a dating or mating partner is very (39). Families also exert open and subtle (40) on their children to influence their (41) of marriage partners. Parents often arrange dates for
21、their own children. Also, they can meet the perfect marriage prospect for their son or (42) through business relationships. Since parents often (43) their children financially, they feel that they have the (44) to help the bride and groom select (45) they will live, what type of furniture they will
22、purchase, and (46) their life-style will be like. To a large (47), social class determines the choices of a marriage partner in the United States. Marriages are usually arranged (48) people of similar religious, ethnic and financial, backgrounds. Despite what we see in the movies, the son of a bank
23、president (49) marries or even meets a coal miners daughter. Americans may not accept or understand arranged marriages, (50) marriages in the United States are arranged nevertheless. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. M
24、ark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: Salt is bad for you regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. “There is a direct relationship“, U.S. congressman Neal Smith noted, “Between the amount of sodium a person
25、consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death“. Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. “All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary“, Dr. Dustan insists. “For most of us it p
26、robably doesnt make much difference how much salt we eat“. Dustans most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure underwent no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however,
27、 half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced. “An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population“, notes Dr. John H. Laragh“. So a
28、 recommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense“. Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable “moderation“ in salt consumption. For an average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. The equi
29、valent of one to two grams of this salt allowance would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table. Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt, if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal “low salt“ exp
30、onent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr. admits that “we do not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension“. In fact, there is increasing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium; obesity (much more dangerous than sodiu
31、m); genetic predispotition; stress. “It is not your enemy“, says Dr. Laragh, “Salt is the No. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you dont need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-related health problem, there is no reason to give it up“. 51 Accordi
32、ng to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed_. （ A） exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health. （ B） cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders. （ C） correlates highly with some diseases. （ D） is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease. 52 Fr
33、om Dr. Dustans study we can infer that_. （ A） a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some people. （ B） the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with ones blood pressure. （ C） the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patient. （ D） an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone
34、. 53 In the third paragraph, Dr. Laragh implies that_. （ A） people should not be afraid of taking excessive salt. （ B） doctors should not advise people to avoid salt. （ C） an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in disease. （ D） excessive salt intake has claimed some victims i
35、n the general population. 54 The phrase “vocal.exponent“ (line 2, para.5) most probably refers to_. （ A） eloquent doctor. （ B） articulate opponent. （ C） loud speaker. （ D） strong advocate. 55 What is the main message of this text? （ A） That the salt scare is not justified. （ B） That the orgin of hyp
36、ertension is now found. （ C） That the moderate use of salt is recommended. （ D） That salt consumption is to be promoted. 56 Managers spend a great deal of their time in meetings. According to Henry Mintzberg, in his book, The Nature of Managerial Work, managers in large organizations spend only 22 p
37、ercent of their time on meetings. So what are the managers doing in those meetings? There have conventionally been two answers. The first is the academic version: Managers are co-ordinating and controlling, making decisions, solving problems and planning. This interpretation has been largely discred
38、ited because it ignores the social and political forces at work in meetings. The second version claims that meetings provide little more than strategic sites for corporate gladiators to perform before the organizational emperors. This perspective is far more attractive, and has given rise to a large
39、, and often humorous, body of literature on gamesmanship and posturing in meetings. It is, of course, true that meeting rooms serve as shop windows for managerial talent, but this is far from the truth as a whole. The suggestion that meetings are actually battle grounds is misleading since the raiso
40、n detre of meetings has far more to do with comfort than conflict. Meetings are actually vital props, both for the participants and the organization as a whole. For the organization, meetings represent recording devices. The minutes of meetings catalogue the change of the organization, at all levels
41、, in a mere systematic way than do the assorted memos and directives which are scattered about the company. They enshrine the minutes of corporate history, they itemize proposed actions and outcomes in a way which makes one look like the natural culmination of the other. The whole tenor of the minut
42、es is one of total premeditation and implied continuity. They are a sanitized version of reality which suggests a reassuring level of control over events. What is more, the minutes record the debating of certain issues in an official and democratic forum, so that those not involved in the process ca
43、n be assured that the decision was not taken lightly. As Dong Bennett, an administrative and financial manager with Allied Breweries, explains: “Time and effort are seen to have been invested in scrutinizing a certain course of action“. Key individuals are also seen to have put their names behind th
44、at particular course of action. The decision can therefore proceed with the full weight of the organization behind it, even if it actually went through “on the nod“. At the same time, the burden of responsibility is spread, so that no individual takes the blame. Thus, the public nature of formal mee
45、tings confers a degree of legitimacy on what happens in them. Having a view pass unchallenged at a meeting can be taken to indicate consensus. However, meetings also serve as an alibi for action, as demonstrated by one manager who explained to his subordinates: “I did what I could to prevent it I ha
46、d our objections minutes in two meetings“. The proof of conspicuous effort was there in black and white. By merely attending meetings, managers buttress their status, while non-attendance can carry with it a certain stigma. Whether individual managers intend to make a contribution or not, it is sati
47、sfying to be considered one of those whose views matter. Ostracism, for senior managers, is not being invited to meetings. As one cynic observed, meetings are comfortingly tangible: “Who on the shop floor really believes that managers are working when they tour the works? But assemble them behind cl
48、osed doors and call it a meeting and everyone will take it for granted that they are hard at work. “Managers are being seen to earn their corn. Meetings provide managers with another form of comfort too that of formality. Meetings follow a fixed format: Exchanges are ritualized, the participants are
49、 probably known in advance, there is often a written agenda, and there is a chance to prepare. Little wonder then, that they come as welcome relief from the upheaval and uncertainty of life outside the meeting room. Managers can draw further comfort from the realization that their peers are every bit as bemused and fallible as themselves. Meetings provide constant reminders that they share the same problems, preoccupations and anxieties, that they are all in the same boat. Paid for those who may be slightly adrift, meetings are ideal o
