1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 51及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Water is a kind of chemical substance. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 2 Water is as important as
2、 vitamins, minerals and proteins for life. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 Women have more fat cells so women have less water. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 Bone contains no water. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 Warm water cant cool us, but cold water can. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 6 Sugar in cold sweet drinks slows the liq
3、uid from getting into the blood-stream. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 Fat cells block body heat from escaping quickly. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 A 15%20% drop in body water can cause the blood system to fail. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 Health experts say that all kinds of people should drink at least about 2 l
4、iters of liquids every day. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 Meats also contain water. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 What can you watch at 8:10? （ A） Nation
5、al and international news. （ B） Old Dutch communities settled in Pennsylvania. （ C） A live variety show. （ D） One episode of TV series High Society. 12 How long will the sports program last? （ A） Fifteen minutes. （ B） Three quarters. （ C） An hour. （ D） Fifty minutes. 13 When will the movie Tootsie b
6、egin? （ A） At midnight. （ B） At 11:00. （ C） At 11:15. （ D） Just before the popular health program. 14 The tramp was locked in the store _. （ A） for his own mistakes （ B） due to a misunderstanding （ C） by accident （ D） through an error of judgment 15 What action did the tramp take? （ A） He looted the
7、 store. （ B） He made himself at home. （ C） He went to sleep for 2 days. （ D） He had a Christmas party. 16 When the tramp was arrested, he _. （ A） laughed at the police （ B） looked forward to going to prison （ C） took his bottles with him （ D） didnt make any fuss 17 Where did classical music originat
8、e? （ A） In Asia. （ B） In Africa. （ C） In Europe. （ D） In Australia. 18 Blues and “Enke“ are examples of what kinds of music? （ A） Traditional music. （ B） Folk music. （ C） Classical music. （ D） Rock music. 19 In what way is jazz music different from other kinds of music? （ A） It is very inspiring and
9、 exciting. （ B） It doesnt need wind instrument. （ C） It is a combination of folk music and rock music. （ D） It has a different kind of rhythm. 20 What kind of instruments are used in rock music? （ A） Electric instruments. （ B） Chemical instruments. （ C） Medical instruments. （ D） Probing instruments.
10、 Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 Whats
11、the average increase per year of foreign student population in the period between 1985 and 1990 in terms of percentage? 22 Which area of the world contributed to an increase between 94/95 and 95/96? 23 When will the speaker talk about the economic and political changes? 24 What will the speaker disc
12、uss first? 25 Where do the three largest groups of students come from? 26 Whats the number of students from Malaysia? 27 Which is the most popular major of study? 28 Whats the percentage of students in business and management? 29 In terms of academic levels, in which level do we find the smallest nu
13、mber? 30 In brief, what did the speaker talk about? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 You may say that the business of marking books is going to slow down
14、 your reading. (31) probably will. Thats one of the (32) for doing it. Most of us have been taken in by the notion that speed of (33) is a measure of our intelligence. There is (34) such thing as the right (35) for intelligent reading. Some things should be (36) quickly and effortlessly, and some sh
15、ould be read (37) and even laboriously. The sign of intelligence (38) reading is the ability to read (39) thing differently according to their worth. In the (40) of good books, the point is not to see how many of them you can get through, (41) how many can you get throughhow many you can (42) your o
16、wn. A few friends are (43) than a thousand acquaintances. If this be your goal, (44) it should be, you will not be impatient if it takes mare time and effort to read a great book than it (45) a newspaper. You may have another objection to (46) books. You cant lend them to your friends (47) nobody el
17、se can read them (48) being distracted by your notes. Whats more, you wont want to lend them because a (49) copy is a kind of intellectual diary, and (50) it is almost like giving your mind away. If your friend hopes to read your “Shakespeare“, or “The Federalist Papers“, tell him, gently but firmly
18、, to buy a copy. You will lend him your car or your coatbut your books are as much a part of you as your head or your heart. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 Opinion polls are n
19、ow beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably hero to stay. This means we shall have to make ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some primary questions about the future of work.
20、Would we continue to treat employment as the norm? Would we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood
21、, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coaling to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought m
22、ay have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could provide the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people
23、 dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transportation improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted
24、 longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the place in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial time, men and women had shared the productive work of the household a
25、nd village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to be paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes. It was not only wome
26、n whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excludeda problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switc
27、h some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs. 51 Research carried out in the recent opinion polls shows that_. （ A） available employment should be restricted to a small percentag
28、e of the population. （ B） new jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figures. （ C） available employment must be more widely distributed among the unemployed. （ D） the nowaday high unemployment figures are a truth of life. 52 The arrival of the industrial age in our historical evo
29、lution meant that_. （ A） universal employment virtually guaranteed prosperity. （ B） economic freedom came within everyones control. （ C） patterns of work were fundamentally changed. （ D） peoples attitudes to work had to be reversed. 53 The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries meant that_. （ A）
30、people were no longer legally entitled to own land. （ B） people were driven to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselves. （ C） people were not adequately compensated for the loss of their land. （ D） people were badly paid for the work they managed to find. 54 The effects of almost universal
31、employment were overwhelming in that_. （ A） the household and village community disappeared completely. （ B） men now travelled enormous distances to their places of work. （ C） young and old people became superfluous components of society. （ D） the work status of those not in paid employment suffered
32、. 55 The article concludes that_. （ A） the creation of jobs for all is an impossibility. （ B） our efforts and resources in terms of tackling unemployment are insufficient. （ C） people should begin supporting themselves by learning a practical skill. （ D） we should help those whose jobs are only part
33、-time. 56 Throughout history there have been many unusual taxes levied on such things as hats, beds, baths, marriages, and funerals. At one time England levied a tax on sunlight by collection from every household with six or more windows. And according to legend, there was a Turkish ruler who collec
34、ted a tax each time he dined with one of his subjects. Why? To pay for the wear and tear on his teeth! Different kinds of taxes help to spread the tax burden. Anyone who pays a tax is said to “bear the burden“ of the tax. The burden of a tax may fall more heavily on some persons than on others. That
35、 is why the three levels of government in this country use several kinds of taxes, lifts spreads the burden of taxes among more people. From the standpoint of their use, the most important taxes are income taxes, property taxes, sales taxes, and estate, inheritance, and gift taxes. Some are used by
36、only one level of government; others by or even all three levels. Together these different taxes make up what is called our tax system. Income taxes are the main source of federal revenues. The federal government gets mere than three-fourths of its revenue from income taxes. As its name indicated, a
37、n income tax is a tax on earnings. Both individuals and business corporations pay a federal income tax. The oldest tax in the United States today is the property tax. It provides most of the income for local governments. It provides at least a part of the income for all but a few states. It is not u
38、sed by the federal government. A sales tax is a tax levied on purchases. Most people living in the United States know about sales taxes since they are used in all but four states. Actually there are several kinds of sales taxes, but only three of them are important. They are general sales taxes, exc
39、ise taxes, and import taxes. Other three closely related taxes are estate, inheritance, and gift taxes. Everything a person owns, including both real and personal property, makes up his or her estate. When someone dies, ownership of his or her property or estate passes on to one or more individuals
40、or organizations. Before the property is transferred, however, it is subject to an estate tax if its value exceeds a certain amount. 56 The reason that the Turkish ruler collected a dining tax is to pay for_. （ A） the inconvenience for him to put on and take off clothes. （ B） the damage that eating
41、did to his teeth. （ C） his efforts to cut the food into pieces. （ D） the decay of his teeth because of sugar. 57 The government levies different kinds of taxes so that_. （ A） the rich have to pay more and the poor less. （ B） a wider range of taxpayers can be included. （ C） each of three levels of go
42、vernment could got tax money. （ D） the burden of taxes falls evenly on everybody. 58 The federal government get most of their income from_. （ A） property tax. （ B） income tax. （ C） sales tax. （ D） estate tax. 59 How many states levy import taxes in the U.S.A.? （ A） 4 （ B） 50 （ C） 46 （ D） 54 60 Which
43、 of the following statements is not tree? （ A） Any form of property is subject to an estate tax when transferred. （ B） Property tax provides a part of income for local government. （ C） There are a few kinds of sales taxes. （ D） Individuals and corporations both pay income taxes. 61 World leaders met
44、 recently at United Nations headquarters in New York City to discuss the environmental issues raised at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. The heads of state were supposed to decide what further steps should be taken to halt the decline of Earths life-support systems. In fact, this meeting had much the f
45、lavour of the original Earth Summit. To wit: empty promises, hollow rhetoric, bickering between rich and poor, and irrelevant initiatives. Think U.S. Congress in slow motion. Almost obscured by this torpor is the fact that there has been some remarkable progress over the past five yearsreal changes
46、in the attitude of ordinary people in the Third World toward family size and a dawning realisation that environmental degradation and their own well-being are intimately, and inversely, linked. Almost none of this, however, has anything to do with what the bureaucrats accomplished in Rio. Or it didn
47、t accomplish. One item on the agenda at Rio, for example, was a renewed effort to save tropical forests. (A previous U.N.-sponsored initiative had fallen apart when it became clear that it actually hastened deforestation.) After Rio, a U.N. working group came up with more than 100 recommendations th
48、at have so far gone nowhere. One proposed forestry pact would do little more than immunizing wood-exporting nations against trade sanctions. An effort to draft an agreement on what to do about the climate changes caused by CO2 and other greenhouse gases has fared even worse. Blocked by the Bush Admi
49、nistration from setting mandatory limits, the U.N. in 1992 called on nations to voluntarily reduce emissions to 1990 levels. Several years later, its as if Rio had never happened. A new climate treaty is scheduled to be signed this December in Kyoto, Japan, but governments still cannot agree on these limits. Meanwhile, the U.S. produces 7% more CO2 than it did in 1990, and emissions in the developing world have risen even more sharply. No one would confuse the “Rio process“ with progress. While governments have dit
