1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 58及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Gary Marshall of Grand Island is experienced in teaching. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 2 At th
2、e beginning of the Celebrity Interview Project, the teacher wrote to ask childrens parents to choose role models for their kids. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 A media expert also helped the children with their project. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 The students are asked to hand in their project drafts after th
3、ree weeks preparation. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 Most celebrities gave responses to the children by answering the 20 questions they asked. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 6 Children are too excited to share with their classmates the correspondence they got from their stars. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 One of the ob
4、stacles in the project is that children set new standards for themselves. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 Sometimes children encounter technical problems with the computer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 The teacher will continue to do the project in spite of file heavy work load. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 The teac
5、her doesnt think much of some interviews as they are about those stars she doesnt like, （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 Which is the most important gr
6、eenhouse gas? （ A） Methane. （ B） Carbon dioxide. （ C） Oxygen. （ D） Helium. 12 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of atmospheric methane concentration? （ A） Natural grassland. （ B） Mining. （ C） Agricultural rice. （ D） Cattle and sheep. 13 What could be the purpose of Kyoto Protocol? （
7、 A） To monitor greenhouse gas. （ B） To study greenhouse effect. （ C） To control carbon dioxide. （ D） To maintain the present amount of oxygen. 14 As the new Prime Minister, which aspect did Kevin promise to improve in Australia? （ A） Industrial development. （ B） Immigration policies. （ C） Health ins
8、urance. （ D） Education. 15 How many terms did Howard serve as the Prime Minister in Australia? （ A） 2. （ B） 3. （ C） 4. （ D） 5. 16 Whats Rudds attitude towards the ratification of the Kyoto agreement? （ A） Positive. （ B） Negative. （ C） Neutral. （ D） Unknown. 17 When did the green revolution start? （
9、A） In the 1920s. （ B） In the 1940s. （ C） In the 1960s. （ D） In the 1980s. 18 What is the purpose of the Green Revolution? （ A） To address the environmental problems. （ B） To increase the worlds forested areas. （ C） To increase world grain production. （ D） To eradicate plant pests and diseases. 19 Wh
10、at does the joint program “Sasakawa-Global 2000“ aim to do? （ A） To provide more food to African countries. （ B） To help Chinese farmers produce more grain. （ C） To provide the best seeds to developing countries. （ D） To introduce good farming practices to African countries. 20 What is the problem f
11、aced by the countries being aided? （ A） There is no system of transportation. （ B） There is no advanced technology. （ C） The cost of fertilizers is too high. （ D） There is not enough training provided. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes
12、 in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 How have the once reasonably priced holidays in Europe become to Americans? 22 What is the dollar in the
13、worlds economy as measured by various indicators? 23 What else does the value of a currency reflect besides the financial circumstances of a country? 24 What is the currency of a country compared to? 25 How has foreign investing in the U.S. become since the U.S. underwent an economic slowdown? 26 Wh
14、at can solve Americas problem of trade imbalance according to economists? 27 Economist Bivens says the Bush administration talks to support a “strong“ dollar in order to _. 28 When the dollar decreases in value, the Chinese currency _. 29 How are part of the dollars that China accumulates spent in t
15、he U.S.? 30 How must the shifts in the value of the dollar be in order to prevent market “shocks“? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 There are several thi
16、ngs about motorcycling that the average citizen dislikes. A cyclists (31) has something to do with this dislike. Motorcylists frequently look dirty, in fact, they are dirty. On the road there is little to (32) them from mud, crushed insects, and bird droppings. For practical reasons they often (33)
17、in old clothing which looks much less (34) than the clothing of people who ride in cars. For the same reason motorcyclists usually wear (35) colors. Perhaps this helps to explain why they are sometimes (36) of having evil natures. In old (37) of long ago, evil characters usually wear black. In (38)
18、movies the “bad guys“ usually wear black hats (39) the “good guys“ wear lighter colors. Something else about their appearance makes an (40) impression. In their practical, protective clothing they very much like the men (41) military motorcycles in the movies of World War Two-cruel enemies who reare
19、d into (42) villages (43) peoples hearts with fear. Probably (44) machine itself also produces anger and fear. Motorcycles are noisy, though some big trucks are even noisier. But trucks are big and carry heavy (45). They are accepted (If not really welcomed) because they perform a (46) service, maki
20、ng America move. Motorcycles, on the (47) hand, make an unpleasant noise just to give their riders (48). That is what is commonly thought. In the woods motorcycles frighten animals. (49) along quiet streets, they disturb (50) families and make babies cry. Part A Directions: Read the following texts
21、and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 Fear helps animals, including humans, to survive since it allows them to avoid predators and dangerous situations. Having too much fear, or not being able to control it can, however, harm
22、them. It can freeze animals into inaction, which is hardly an effective defence tactic, and it can cause a variety of debilitating disorders, such as phobias, pathological anxiety and the increasingly fashionable diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder. Understanding how fear is formed in the br
23、ain may shed light on these disorders and help to develop ways to erase unwanted fears. In a paper published in the current issue of Cell, Gleb Shumyatsky, of Rutgers University in New Jersey, and his colleagues have achieved just that, in mice at least. Dr. Shumyatsky was interested in the role of
24、a gene called stathmin. His interest was piqued because this gene, though present in every cell in the body (as are all genes), is active only in cells of a part of the brain called the amygdala. It was established a few years ago that the amygdala is the area that governs fear. Rare individuals who
25、se amygdalas are damaged are, literally, fearless. To investigate the role of stathmin, Dr. Shumyatsky and his team established a strain of so-called knock-out mice who had had the gene removed from their DNA. They then conducted a series of experiments on instinctive and learned fear. The team foun
26、d that their knock-out mice showed neither form of fear. They would, for example, venture, insouciantly into environments that normal mice avoid, such as open spaces and elevated platforms where they could easily be seen by predators. They were also less prone to freeze up in response to events that
27、 would normally induce fear, such as seeing cats. In addition to this lack of instinctive fear, the knock-out mice seemed to have weaker memories for past aversive experiences. The researchers tested this using the famous experimental method called conditioning, which was developed by Ivan Pavlov ov
28、er a century ago. The essence of a neutral one such as a sound and a significant one, such as an electric shock, that produces a strong and consistent response. If an animal is given the shock immediately after heating the sound, it will associate the latter with the former and show fearful behavior
29、 when it hears the sound. Using this sort of set-up, Dr. Shumyatsky discovered that mice with stathmin knocked out found it hard to make the association. They could not, in other words, learn to be afraid. To be sure this was not due to changes in other features that might result from lack of the ge
30、ne, he tested the animals hearing and pain sensitivity. Both were normal. So was their spatial memory. And although he did not try tests where the learned association was with pleasant rather than a fearful stimulus, he is reasonably confident that stathmins effect is specific to fear because it is
31、confined to the amygdala. 51 It is believed that fear_. （ A） is essential for animals to survive in dangerous situations. （ B） is harmful to animals if they cannot control it. （ C） is an effective defence strategy for animals. （ D） is helpful in combating post-traumatic disorders. 52 Fearless indivi
32、duals_. （ A） usually have damaged amygdalas in their brain. （ B） have developed ways to remove unwanted fears. （ C） lack a gene called stathmin in their body. （ D） do not activate stathmin in the amygdalas. 53 The knock-out mice in the experiment_. （ A） did not avoid places easily reached by predato
33、rs. （ B） would freeze up when they saw cats. （ C） were better at remembering past experiences. （ D） had abnormal spatial memory. 54 Dr. Shumyatsky discovered that the knock-out mice_. （ A） had damaged hearing. （ B） had low pain sensitivity. （ C） were not capable of learning fear. （ D） showed instinc
34、tive fear when seeing cats. 55 In Dr. Shumyatskys test, the knock-out mice_. （ A） made the association between stimuli and behavior. （ B） were affected by changes that result from lack of the gene. （ C） could associate pleasant stimuli with certain behavior. （ D） could not be conditioned to respond
35、to certain stimuli. 56 To capture London in freeze-frame at the turn of the 19th century, Jonathan Schneer develops a single over-arching theme. In a work of persuasive scholarship, written with verve and insight, he analyses the tremendous impact that Britains imperial adventure then at its height
36、made on nearly every aspect of Londons life. Few Londoners were unaffected by the countrys self-appointed mission to take Western civilisation to the “benighted“ peoples of Africa and the East, and to extract much of their natural wealth in return for the favour. The policies that drove imperialism
37、were made by statesmen, aristocrats and capitalists who met regularly around the dinner tables of a few influential and manipulative hostesses. Businessmen and financiers were quick to take advantage of the opportunities open to them, and used some of the profits to protect their interests by sendin
38、g a volunteer force from the financial district to help fight the Boers. At the other end of the economic scale, dock labourers handled the products of empire but could not possess them except by theft, which was endemic and which Mr. Schneer appears to defend as a legitimate weapon of class conflic
39、t, “an act of imperial self-definition“. This, the sharp end of colonial trade, had wider political ramifications, for the dockers harsh working conditions spawned aggressive and eventually effective trade unions. Meanwhile, the seeds of the liberation movements that were to flower in mid-century we
40、re sown by exiled Indians and West Indians, encouraged by white liberal sympathisers, who published small but influential journals and addressed impassioned public meetings across the capital. Many of them pursued the now discredited tactic of collaborating with the colonial authorities, yet their w
41、ork laid the foundation for the long and often turbulent process of persuading the British that the conquerors role could not be sustained in the long term. In half a dozen entertaining pages, Mr. Schneer combs the Sherlock Holmes stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle for a rich store of imperial themes
42、. Holmess London was made up of two empires, “a good one associated with England and personified by two English types, the brilliant amateur detective and his dogged amanuensis; and an evil one associated with criminality, often of non-European origin“. At the beginning of “A Study in Scarlet“, he d
43、escribes the city as “London, that great cesspool into which all the loungers and idlers of the Empire are irresistibly drained“. A century on, the attitudes expressed by Conan Doyle are self-evidently racist. Indeed racism was central to the imperial adventure. Should you judge by the standards pre
44、vailing then or by the more enlightened ones of today? Indeed, is it the historians job to judge in this sense at all? In this rich and original study, Mr. Schneer sometimes shows a touch more indignation than needed in denouncing racism and sexism in a society that was still to learn better. 56 The
45、 word “benighted“ (Line 2, Paragraph 2) probably means_. （ A） dark. （ B） ignorant. （ C） benign. （ D） violent. 57 The country gave itself the responsibility to_. （ A） protect the interests of businessmen and financiers in the colonies. （ B） implement policies made by statesmen, aristocrats and capita
46、lists. （ C） take advantage of the opportunities and profit from them. （ D） civilize Africa and the East and take their wealth home in return. 58 Which of the following brought trade unions into existence? （ A） Dockers harsh working conditions. （ B） The liberation movement. （ C） Class conflict. （ D）
47、White liberal sympathisers. 59 According to Mr. Schneer, the Sherlock Holmes stories are_. （ A） full of imperial themes. （ B） full of entertaining pages. （ C） indicative of the general social attitudes. （ D） representative of the evil side of the empire. 60 What is the overall theme of Jonathan Schn
48、eers book? （ A） Britains self-appointed mission at the turn of the 19th century. （ B） The role of scholars in every aspect of Londons life. （ C） The impact of Britains imperial adventure on London. （ D） Racism and sexism in Londons society in the 19th century. 61 Perusing the Times in 1844, Friedric
49、h Engels was horrified to note that, in a single day, London suffered a theft, an attack on the police, an abandonment and a poisoning. “Social war is under full headway“, commented Engels, who blamed the crime wave on the growing proletariat. It is hard to imagine what the gloomy social scientist would have made of the fact that, 160 years later, Londons police would be recording 2,500 crimes per day. Most striking is the rise of mugging. In 1993 there were 323,000 robberies in England and Wales, accordin
