1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 63及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Shingles, also herpes zoster, is a disease caused by a virus with a band of painful spo
2、ts on the skin especially around the waist. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 2 Both shingles and chickenpox are caused by the same virus. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 Its easy to find out the cause of reactivation of the virus. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 The virus stays inactive in the nerve roots for some time and th
3、en reactivates again like a circle. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 Early symptoms of shingles include headache, sensitivity to light and a high-fever flu. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 6 After recovering from the blisters, you may have some scars remained on your body. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 Complications of shin
4、gles can only affect the body part like heart, lungs, liver, and pancreas but not nerves in brain. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 A shingles rash around the eyes must be treated immediately because it could harm your sight. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 You are under a risk of developing shingles if you are vuln
5、erable in the immune system. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 You can develop shingles whether or not you have had chickenpox. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11
6、 Why do fish farm operators want to have their fish labeled organic? （ A） It will bring better sales. （ B） It will save some wild fish. （ C） It will be good to people health. （ D） It will make fishing easier. 12 Which of the following is NOT mentioned if fish are to be labeled organic? （ A） Controll
7、ed conditions. （ B） Pollution free water. （ C） Organic diet. （ D） Sound packaging. 13 Which of the following is TRUE? （ A） Fish started to be sold with the organic label a few years ago in the U.S. （ B） The U.S. government has adopted guidelines recommended by an advisory committee. （ C） The issue o
8、f labeling fish organic wont be solved very soon. （ D） The American fishing industry is beginning to lose patience. 14 What is ADD? （ A） Overly active and unable to control their behavior. （ B） Forget easily and never seem to finish task. （ C） A chemical imbalance in the brain. （ D） Learning disabil
9、ities. 15 Which is one of the side effects of drags? （ A） Lack of self-control. （ B） Morality problems. （ C） Sight problems. （ D） Weight loss. 16 Which of the following statements is TRUE? （ A） The United States and Finland have dramatic differences with ADHD among older children and teenagers. （ B）
10、 The American children are rarely treated with medicine, while medication is widely used in Finland. （ C） Rates and signs of ADHD are about the same in children in Finland as in the United States. （ D） The study found that two-third of the Finnish children diagnosed with ADHD had deficits in short-t
11、erm, memory and self-control. 17 Which of the following statements about the two-day beauty contest of 1921 is TRUE? （ A） It was the first beauty contest in America. （ B） It started the tradition of Miss America contest. （ C） It started the tradition of honoring Miss America with roses. （ D） It was
12、copied by hundreds of following contests. 18 What can be said about the first American beauty contest? （ A） It was part of a circus performance. （ B） It started to change the role of women in the society. （ C） It was supported by the husbands and brothers of participants. （ D） It failed because of s
13、candals. 19 What can be learned about Lenora Slaughter? （ A） She helped develop the beauty pageant into its present form. （ B） She helped boost the national Hollywood fever. （ C） She was the organizer of the beauty pageant of 1938. （ D） She encouraged college students to participate in beauty contes
14、t. 20 What happened in 1945? （ A） America had its first Miss America from New York. （ B） America had its first Miss America with her name changed. （ C） Miss America of the year refused to be the spokeswoman for a swimsuit supplier. （ D） The discrimination against Jewish was observed. Part C Directio
15、ns: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 Many people think of s
16、kin as a/an _ to keep bad influences out of our body. 22 _ pores the tiny openings in our skin, are one of the indicators of irritated skin. 23 Name two external factors that harm the skin. 24 The skin is capable of mending itself and returning to its _ state. 25 A recent study on teenagers skin sho
17、ws that they suffer more stress around _. 26 In time of stress, we may let go of our healthy habits. Instead, we may smoke, eat junk food and skip _. 27 To fight stress, we need to improve _ and stick to our good habits. 28 Sleep is the golden advice, because it is a time of _. 29 Its better to use
18、_ moisturizer as it wont cause irritation. 30 Retinol, a popular skin-care product, works against _. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 Married mothers who
19、 also hold jobs, despite having to juggle career and home, enjoy (31) health than their underemployed or childless peers. Data from a long-term study launched in the UK in 1946 shows that such working moms are the (32) likely to be obese (33) middle age and the most likely to report generally good h
20、ealth. And this result cannot be explained simply (34) the healthiest women take on the most. Epidemiologist Anne McMunn of University College London drew more than 1,400 female (35) from a study of 5,362 Britons born during the first week of March 1946. Followed (36) their lives, including face-to-
21、face interviews at (37) 26, 36, 46 and 53, the women provided data from both their own views of their health as well as (38) measures such as body-mass index. By assessing both (39) and objective information, the researchers hoped to discover (40) working moms undertook such multitasking because of
22、their inherent (41) or achieved good health because of their multiple roles. Of the 555 working mothers, only 23 percent proved obese (42) age 53, compared to 38 percent of the 151 full-time homemakers, (43) also averaged the highest body-mass index of all six categories of (44), rounded out by sing
23、le working mothers, the childless, multiply-married working moms and intermittently-employed married mothers. In (45), full-time homemakers reported the most poor health, (46) by single mothers and the childless. Of course, the data do not show (47) working moms are healthiest but the womens view of
24、 their own health at 26 did not correlate (48) whether they undertook (49) careers and families, seeming to discount a definitive role for good health in determining a womans choices. Working correlated with low body mass (50) all groups, including single moms and childless women. Part A Directions:
25、 Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 “It doesnt matter what ethical assumptions you use“, says Michael Grubb, an expert on climate change policy, cold financial arguments are enough to decide what to
26、 do about global warming. As arguments over the science behind climate change have cooled, the question of how much nations should be willing to pay has come to dominate the debate. Now Martin Weitzman has developed the first thorough method for including unlikely but extreme events in cost-benefit
27、analyses. When you take into account extreme temperature rises of more than around 6 , he says, they dominate all other options and effectively demand that investment aimed at stopping them be made now. Economists say that such events are theoretically possible but are so unlikely and lie so far in
28、the future that it is not cost-effective to spend money to prevent them. Computer models also suggest that using more renewable energy and reducing emissions in other ways would almost certainly avoid extreme temperature increases. But Weitzmans results are so dramatic that some economists, many of
29、whom argued in favour of caution, are shifting their position. Environmental groups argue that the risk of extreme events justifies large investment now, but other groups, notably industry-orientated think tanks and many Republican politicians, have resisted such calls. “In the United States, cost-b
30、enefit analyses have been used to back up questions about whether investment is worth much mow“, says Grubb. “This throws a pretty fundamental spanner in the works“. The new method also backs up the conclusions of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change, albeit via different methods. Ste
31、ms cost-benefit analysis, which was published in October 2006, did not consider extreme events. Even so, he found that the benefits of investing now would be enormous: The world could save $2.5 trillion a year if the rise in CO2 was halted at levels around 50 percent greater than today. But when Ste
32、rn put a price on the damages that rising temperatures could cause, he valued future costs in todays money. Many economists, including Weitzman, criticized that assumption, arguing that it ignores the fact that investments made now are expected to be worth more in the future. The debate remains unre
33、solved, as ethical arguments continue to rage about how to value future generations. But Weitzmans study shows that once extreme evens are included, the argument becomes irrelevant. This is because the potential cost of extreme evens is so great that they come to dominate the assessment of risk, wha
34、tever method is used to compare the value of present and future generations. “Weitzmans work would have received substantial attention in the Stem report. He would have used it as supporting evidence“. Says Grubb. Weitzman could also create a headache for policy-makers. The analysis shows that tradi
35、tional cost-benefit calculations are getting it wrong, but it does so only by providing that extreme events dominate the costs when included in the calculations. It cannot put a figure on how much should be spent now, unlike the old techniques. 51 What does Weitzmans new method suggest? （ A） It is m
36、ore sophisticated than traditional cost-benefit analysis. （ B） It takes ethical assumptions into calculating the amount of investment. （ C） Extreme events should be considered in cost-benefit analysis. （ D） It tells us that we should take the problem much more seriously. 52 Why have economists ignor
37、ed extreme events when doing cost-benefit analysis? （ A） They think Weitzmans assumption deliberately exaggerates the possibility. （ B） They think increasing investment now will not be worthwhile. （ C） They believe extreme temperature rise can be avoided. （ D） They work for industrial corporations a
38、nd Republics. 53 What does the last sentence in paragraph 4 mean? （ A） Weitzmans report caused unexpected problem to investment choices. （ B） Weitzmans report does not concur with industrial think tanks. （ C） Weitzmans report doesnt support conventional analysis in the United States. （ D） Weitzmans
39、report has successfully convinced many economists. 54 Which statement is right in comparing Weitzman and Stems report? （ A） Stem and Weitzman used different methods but reached similar conclusion. （ B） Stem valued the damages caused by rising temperature but Weitzman didnt. （ C） Both Stern and Weitz
40、man valued the money that should be invested now. （ D） Both Stem and Weitzman valued future generations in their analysis. 55 Why did Weitzmans report cause trouble for policy-making organs? （ A） They didnt like to spend that much money on global warming. （ B） They were put under pressure by Weitzma
41、ns report. （ C） They still cant decide how much they should invest. （ D） They dont know if they can trust the validity of Weitzmans report. 56 For Immanuel Kant, the Enlightenment could be captured in two small words: sapere aude “dare to think“. When 3,500 individuals professionally devoted to this
42、 proposition are gathered under one roof, as happened at the 20th World Congress of Philosophy in Boston this week. the effect may be more of Babel than of 18th-century discourse. Modern philosophy speaks a bewildering variety of languages, from analytic logic to existentialism, poststructuralism, s
43、emiotics and the wilder shores of ecofeminism, and there is a fair degree of apartheid between its practitioners. Hence the temptation to view the discipline as too rarefied and “academic“ for mere mortals. Britons are notoriously wary of theory; the national prejudice is well captured by Kiplings “
44、If you can think and not make thoughts your master.“ Isaiah Berlin captured British hearts with his tongue-in-cheek remark that he had turned to political thought because “philosophy can only be done by very clever people“. This is one of the few European countries where almost no school teaches phi
45、losophy. Yet in this age of uncertainty, when todays vocational training may be tomorrows passport to redundancy, “dare to think“ should be the motto pinned on the wall of every undergraduate room and recruitment agency. Philosophy is making a modest comeback in British universities, and not before
46、time. The great virtue of philosophy is that it teaches not what to think, but how to think. It is the study of meaning, of the principles underlying conduct, thought and knowledge. The skills it hones are the ability to analyse, to question orthodoxies and to express things clearly. However arcane
47、some philosophical texts may be and not everybody can come to grips with the demands of Austrian logical positivism the ability to formulate questions and follow arguments is the essence of education. It can also be studied at many levels. In the U.S., where the number of philosophy graduates has in
48、creased by 5 percent a year during the 1990s, only a very few go on to become philosophers. Their employability, at 98.9 percent, is impressive by any standard. Philosophy has always been a good training for the law; but it is equally useful for computer scientists. In this country, the Higher Educa
49、tion Statistics Survey puts philosophy of science right up with medicine in its employment record for graduates. Philosophy is, in commercial jargon, the ultimate “transferable work skill“. That is not the only argument for expanding philosophy departments and encouraging sixth-formers to read Plato, or John Stuart Mill on liberty. Chris Woodhead, the Chief Inspector of Schools, has cautioned against an obsession with the narrowly vocational. Lecturing the Confederation of British Industry on the “sly utilita
