1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 80及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Pauline failed to catch the flight because she forgot her visa at home. （ A） Right （ B）
2、 Wrong 2 The customs officials suggested that she go to London by taking a long-distance bus. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 It took her two hours to get down to London because the fog was too heavy. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 Pauline spent 5 pounds in having her passport stamped. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 It w
3、as easy for her to get a flight out in London. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 6 Pauline didnt go to Newcastle though the nearest flight was from there. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 She took a taxi back to Victoria Station. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 She stayed a night with one of her friends in London. （ A） Right （
4、B） Wrong 9 Pauline means that it is expensive to take a taxi in a foreign country. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 Finally she took a taxi to the place that she had been looking for. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosin
5、g A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 Pictures of animals were painted on the walls of caves in France and Spain because _. （ A） the hunters wanted to see the pictures （ B） the painters were animal lovers （ C） the painters wanted to show imagination （ D） the pictures were thought
6、 to be helpful 12 The Greek alphabet was simpler than the Egyptian system for all the following reasons EXCEPT that _. （ A） the former was easy to write （ B） there were fewer signs in the former （ C） the former was easy to pronounce （ D） each sign stood for only one sound 13 Which of the following s
7、tatements is TRUE? （ A） The Egyptian signs later became a particular alphabet. （ B） The Egyptians liked to write comic-strip stories. （ C） The Roman alphabet was developed from the Egyptian one. （ D） The Greeks copied their writing system from the Egyptians. 14 Why are the private lands surrounding
8、Glacier National Park so important? （ A） They function as a hunting preserve. （ B） They are restricted to government use. （ C） They are heavily populated. （ D） They contain natural habitats of threatened species. 15 The relationship between park officials and neighboring landowners may best be descr
9、ibed as _. （ A） indifferent （ B） intimate （ C） cooperative （ D） disappointing 16 It can be inferred from the passage that a major interest of the officials of Glacier National Park is to _. （ A） limit land development around the park （ B） establish a new park in Montana （ C） influence national legis
10、lation （ D） settle border disputes with Canada 17 A working-class wife thinks that her husband _. （ A） gets his own way in everything （ B） is the only master of the house （ C） is sometimes an absolute ruler of the family （ D） understands now the role of the family is changing 18 A working-class wife
11、 will, on the whole, obey her husband _. （ A） supporting he is not lazy and selfish in the family （ B） only if he is considerate and helpful to her （ C） unless he keeps her well informed of the world （ D） since he is the person who earns most of the family money 19 What does she mean when a middle-a
12、ged wife says to a younger one “He is good to you, isnt he?“ （ A） He gives her a large housekeeping allowance. （ B） He can understand her feelings and problems. （ C） He will not beat her even though he is rough. （ D） He often speaks quietly and fondly to her. 20 It is learned from the passage that _
13、. （ A） wives obedience to husbands doesnt mean women have no say in family matters （ B） women show no sign of dissatisfaction with their family life （ C） mans role as lord and master in the working-class house is accepted by all （ D） mens rough manners to wives can often be understood and forgiven P
14、art C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 Accordin
15、g to the FBI, how many robberies were solved by the police last year in terms of percentage? 22 What is the percentage of burglaries reported to the police? 23 How long have solution rates for these four crimes remained virtually unchanged? 24 Why are robberies solved more often than burglaries, lar
16、cenies or auto thefts? 25 Why cannot the police convict most burglars? 26 Whats the best way to increase the closure rate? 27 Whats the average auto theft loss in 1997? 28 Whom will teenagers kill? 29 How is the nature of murder now? 30 What is the topic of the news report? 一、 Section II Use of Engl
17、ish (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 For high-risk propositions yielding high returns, there is nothing to beat the handful companies marketing eternal life. (31) the perceived rewar
18、ds of being able to come hack to life (32) some point, the risks are huge: Who would want to chance a repeat of disco or Victorian mores, let (33) more meaningless millennium hype in 2999? There are (34), more immediate risks involved in the new business of cryonics, (35) is the deep freezing at dea
19、th of human bodies for preservation and possible revival in future. The biggest problem is that, (36) now, it is impossible to freeze people and bring them back to life. On the other hand, if cryonics (37), you were already dead anyway. (38) it comes from the same root, kryos, the Greek word for col
20、d, cryonics is not to be (39) with the mainstream sciences of cryogenics or cryobiology. These involve freezing of metals or of simple organisms. Metals get stronger (40) deep freezing, while the freezing and thawing of cancerous tissues can be a good way (41) kill it. (42) cryonics seeks to do the
21、opposite. The goal is to freeze a human head or an entire body (43) the technology exists to do one of the following: graft a new body (44) the head, clone a new person (45) preserved DNA, or heal a sick body that has been preserved. If this sounds like science fiction, (46) the moment it is. Anyone
22、 who has (47) put beer in the freezer and then forgotten about it can grasp the problems facing cryonics enthusiasts today. Ice is less dense than water. (48) as beer left to freeze will eventually cause its container to burst, (49) the ice that forms adds extra pressure, (50) frozen cells can risk
23、being punctured when the liquid in them freezes. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 Present-day philosophers usually envision their discipline as an endeavor that has been, since
24、antiquity, distinct from and superior to any particular intellectual discipline, such as theology or science. Such philosophical concerns as the mind-body problem or, more generally, the nature of human knowledge, they believe, are basic human questions whose tentative philosophical solutions have s
25、erved as the necessary foundations on which all other intellectual speculation has rested. The basis for this view, however, lies in a serious misinterpretation of the past, a projection of modern concerns onto past events. The idea of an autonomous discipline called “philosophy“, distinct from and
26、sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out, on close examination, to be of quite recent origin. When, in the seventeenth century, Descartes and Hobbes rejected medieval philosophy, they did not think of themselves, as modern philosophers do, as proposing a new and better
27、philosophy, but rather as furthering “the warfare between science and theology“. They were fighting, albeit discreetly, to open the intellectual world to the new science and to liberate intellectual life from ecclesiastical philosophy, and envisioned their work as contributing to the growth, not of
28、philosophy, but of research in mathematics and physics. This link between philosophical interests and scientific practice persisted until the nineteenth century, when decline in ecclesiastical power over scholarship and changes in the nature of science provoked the final-separation of philosophy fro
29、m both. The demarcation of philosophy from science was facilitated by the development in the early nineteenth century of a new notion, that philosophys core interest should be epistemology, the general explanation of what it means to know something. Modern philosophers now trace that notion back at
30、least to Descartes and Spinoza, but it was not explicitly articulated until the late eighteenth century, by Kant, and did not become built into the structure of academic institutions and the standard self-descriptions of philosophy professors until the late nineteenth century. Without the idea of ep
31、istemology, the survival of philosophy in an age of modern science is hard to imagine. Metaphysics philosophys traditional core considered as the most general description of how the heavens and the earth are put together had been rendered almost completely meaningless by the spectacular progress of
32、physics. Kant, however, by focusing philosophy on the problem of knowledge, managed to replace metaphysics with epistemology, and thus to transform the notion of philosophy as “queen of sciences“ into the new notion of philosophy as a separate, foundational discipline. Philosophy became “primary“ no
33、 longer in the sense of “highest“ but in the sense of “underlying“. After Kant, philosophers were able to reinterpret seventeenth and eighteenth century thinkers as attempting to discover “How is our knowledge possible?“ and to project this question back even on the ancients. 51 Which of the followi
34、ng best expresses the authors main point? （ A） Philosophys overriding interest in basic human question is a legacy primarily of the work of Kant. （ B） Philosophy was deeply involved in the seventeenth-century warfare between science and religion. （ C） The set of problems of primary importance to phi
35、losophers has remained relatively constant since antiquity. （ D） The status of philosophy as an independent intellectual pursuit is a relatively recent development. 52 According to the passage, present-day philosophers believe that the mind-body problem is an issue that _. （ A） has implications prim
36、arily for philosophers （ B） may be affected by recent advances in science （ C） has little relevance to present-day philosophy （ D） has Served as a basis for intellectual speculation since antiquity 53 According to the author, philosophy became distinct from science and theology during the _. （ A） an
37、cient period （ B） medieval period （ C） seventeenth century （ D） nineteenth century 54 Which of the following does the author of the passage imply in discussing the development of philosophy during the nineteenth century? （ A） Nineteenth century philospohy took science as its model for understanding
38、the bases of knowledge. （ B） The role of academic institutions in shaping metaphysical philosophy grew enormously during the nineteenth century. （ C） Nineteenth century philosophers carried out a program of investigation explicitly laid out by Descartes and Spinoza. （ D） Kan had an overwhelming impa
39、ct on the direction of nineteenth century philosophy. 55 The primary function of the passage as a whole is to _. （ A） compare two competing models （ B） analyze a difficult theory （ C） present new evidence for a theory （ D） correct an erroneous belief by describing its origins 56 In a perfectly free
40、and open market economy, the type of employer government or private should have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However, if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be t
41、he same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one would expect that, if wome
42、n are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effect on womens earnings as compared with their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchs results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely
43、 of government employees would be 14.6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private employees, other things being equal. In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed wom
44、en may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown selected a large sample of white male and female workers from the 1970 census and divided them into three categories: private employees, govern
45、ment employees, and self-employed. (Black workers were excluded from the sample to avoid picking up earnings differentials that were the result of racial disparities). Browns research design controlled for education, labor force participation, mobility, motivation, and age in order to eliminate thes
46、e factors as explanations of the studys results. Browns results suggest that men and women are not treated the same by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next, and government lowest. For women, this order is reversed. One can i
47、nfer from Browns results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions. Browns results are clearly consistent with F
48、uchs argument that discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than does discrimination by either government or private employers. Also, the fact the women do better working for government than for private employers implies that private employers are discriminating agai
49、nst women. The results do not prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, however, demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its discriminating is not having as much effect on womens earnings as is discrimination in the private sector. 56 The passage mentions all of the following as difficulties that self-employed women may encounter EXCEPT _. （ A） discrimination from consumers and suppliers （ B） discrimination from financial institutions （ C） problems in obtain
