1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 86及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Professor Wang went on a lecture tour to Edinburgh. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 2 Wang visite
2、d the lake area by himself. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 Gross feels rather jealous of Wang as he himself has not been able to visit Edinburgh. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 The British usually have more opportunities to see their country than foreign visitors. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 Mr. Gross has never trave
3、led by air before. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 6 It did cost Professor Wang much in taking and developing those photos. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 Wang is quite reluctant to show Gross his pictures. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 Gross says he is particularly impressed by a photo showing a castle. （ A） Right （ B） W
4、rong 9 Professor Wang enriched his experience in Britain through his trip. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 Wang forgot the time and is almost late for his airplane. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. Yo
5、u will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 Which of the following about pickpocketing is not true? （ A） It is a fast increasing crime. （ B） Its methods are improving. （ C） Nobody is safe from a veteran pickpocket. （ D） There are about 4,000,000 victims every year. 12 What was probably the reason for di
6、scontinuing to hang a pickpocket in the 18th century? （ A） Hanging was a useless warning. （ B） It was too cruel and violent. （ C） Too many people watched the practice. （ D） Other pickpockets were only spectators. 13 Where is the least likely place for pickpocketing? （ A） Banks and supermarkets. （ B）
7、 Train and bus stations. （ C） Post offices and hospitals. （ D） Elevators and airports. 14 What are the speakers trying to do? （ A） Visit the new restaurant. （ B） Watch a parade. （ C） Have a picnic. （ D） Go to the beach. 15 How does the man feel about the rain? （ A） Excited. （ B） Confused. （ C） Afrai
8、d. （ D） Surprised. 16 What will the speakers probably do next? （ A） Go home. （ B） Go to a restaurant. （ C） Unpack the car. （ D） Put a dry blanket under the tree. 17 What is George Orwell mainly known as? （ A） A literary critic. （ B） A war correspondent. （ C） A volunteer in the Spanish Civil War. （ D
9、） A novelist. 18 Where was George Orwell born? （ A） Spain. （ B） America. （ C） Burma. （ D） India. 19 What is most important in Orwells life? （ A） Although English, he was actually not born in England. （ B） He was a student of the famous English public school, Eton. （ C） He tried to enlighten and chan
10、ge society through his works. （ D） He worked as a policeman in Burma for five years. 20 What are the listeners going to do after the presentation? （ A） To ask the speaker questions. （ B） To discuss “ANIMAL FARM“. （ C） To write essays on Orwells life. （ D） To read the book “1984“. Part C Directions:
11、You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 What kind of overview does
12、 the book intend to give about American society? 22 Most of the articles in the book were written by _. 23 What is said about the points of view of some articles on the same topic? 24 In what form do most articles appear in this book? 25 What is the criteria for choosing an earlier article rather th
13、an a later one? 26 What type of students is the book mainly compiled for? 27 What English language level are the readers of this book expected to have? 28 What does the speaker say the compilers of the book would welcome from the readers? 29 What do the compilers hope that the readers would do after
14、 reading the book? 30 In general, what aspects of America are introduced into this book? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 Id like to talk to you today ab
15、out an article that appeared in the Honolulu Advertiser. The article was concerned (31) something called nonverbal communication. This is a phenomenon that scientists are now studying. Nonverbal communication has to (32) with gestures, movements, and closeness of two people when they are talking. Th
16、e scientists say that these gestures, movements, and so forth have meaning which the words (33) the people are using do not carry. For (34), the physical distance between two speakers can be important. North Americans often complain that South Americans are being “pushy“ (35) they tend to stand clos
17、e to the North American when speaking, (36) the South American often considers the North American to be “cold“ or “distant“ because he keeps a greater (37) between himself and the person he is speaking to. In the Middle East, its considered seductive for a woman to allow a man (38) look her in the e
18、ye. This “eye contact“ provides another example of what were calling (39) communication. A social psychologist has observed that there is more eye contact between people who like each other (40) there is between people who dont like each other. The length of time that the person whom you are speakin
19、g to looks at your eyes indicates the amount of interest he has in you (41) than the amount of interest he has in the thing you are talking about. On the other (42), too long a gaze can be embarrassing. Most people become uncomfortable when theyre stared (43). The eyes apparently play a great (44) i
20、n nonverbal communication. Frequently looking (45) can indicated submissiveness, humility, or embarrassment, or even boredom (46) dislike. Genuine warmth or interest can often be seen in they eyes. One scientist suggests that pleasant, satisfying experiences (47) to make the pupils of the eyes grow
21、larger. Sometimes when we feel that a person is being “warm“ or “friendly“ it is possible that we are reacting to a form of nonverbal communication his opened pupils. We do not always consider a smile to be a sign of friendliness. Someone who is always (48), and with little apparent reason, often ma
22、kes us feel uneasy. Keep in mind what were said about nonverbal communication, and the next time youre at a party try to notice which persons seem (49) draw close together when speaking which persons seem to try to stay further apart or even to avoid each other. You may find this silent language, (5
23、0) weve called nonverbal communication, very interesting and even fascinating. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the
24、 doctors: Salt is bad for you regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. “There is a direct relationship“, U.S. congressman Neal Smith noted, “Between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death“. Frightening, if true! B
25、ut many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. “All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary“, Dr. Dustan insists. “For most of us it probably doesnt make much difference how much salt we eat“. Dustans most recent short-term study of 150 p
26、eople showed that those with normal blood pressure underwent no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previ
27、ous level when salt was reintroduced. “An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population“, notes Dr. John H. Laragh. “So a recommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense“. Medical experts agree that
28、everyone should practice reasonable “moderation“ in salt consumption. For an average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. The equivalent of one to two grams of this salt allowance would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest w
29、ould be added in processing, preparation or at the table. Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt, if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal “low salt“ exponent, Dr. Arthur Hall Hayes, Jr. admits that “we do not know whether increased sodium consumption cause
30、s hypertension“. In fact, there is increasing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium; obesity (much more dangerous than sodium); genetic predispotition; stress. “It is not your enemy“, says Dr. Laragh, “Salt is the No. 1 natural
31、component of all human tissue sue, and the idea that you dont need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a saltrelated health problem, there is no reason to give it up“. 51 According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed （ A） exhibits as an aggravating facto
32、r to people in poor health. （ B） cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders. （ C） correlates highly with some diseases. （ D） is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease. 52 From Dr. Dustans study we can infer that （ A） a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some people. （ B） the
33、 amount of salt intake has nothing to do with ones blood pressure. （ C） the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patient. （ D） an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone. 53 In the third paragraph, Dr. Laragh implies that （ A） people should not be afraid of taking excessive
34、 salt. （ B） doctors should not advise people to avoid salt. （ C） an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in disease. （ D） excessive salt intake has claimed some victims in the general population. 54 The phrase “vocal.exponent“ (Line 2, Para. 5) most probably refers to （ A） elo
35、quent doctor. （ B） articulate opponent. （ C） loud speaker. （ D） strong advocate. 55 What is the main message of this text? （ A） That the salt scare is not justified. （ B） That the orgin of hypertension is now found. （ C） That the moderate use of salt is recommended. （ D） That salt consumption is to
36、be promoted 56 Managers spend a great deal of their time in meetings. According to Henry Mintzberg, in his book, The Nature of Managerial Work, managers in large organizations spend only 22 percent of their time on meetings. So what are the managers doing in those meetings? There have conventionally
37、 been two answers. The first is the academic version: Managers are coordinating and controlling, making decisions, solving problems and planning. This interpretation has been largely discredited because it ignores the social and political forces at work in meetings. The second version claims that me
38、etings provide little more than strategic sites for corporate gladiators to perform before the organizational emperors. This perspective is far more attractive, and has given rise to a large, and often humorous, body of literature on gamesmanship and posturing in meeting. It is, of course, true that
39、 meeting rooms serve as shop windows for managerial talent, but this is far from the truth as a whole. The suggestion that meetings are actually battle grounds is misleading since the raison detre of meetings has far more to do with comfort than conflict. Meetings are actually ital props, both for t
40、he participants and the organization as a whole. For the organization, meetings represent recording devices. The minutes of meetings catalogue the change of the organization, at all levels, in a more systematic way than do the assorted memos and directives which are scattered about the company. They
41、 enshrine the minutes of corporate history, they itemize proposed actions and outcomes in a way which makes one look like the natural culmination of the other. The whole tenor of the minutes is one of total premeditation and implied continuity. They are a sanitized version of reality which suggests
42、a reassuring level of control over events. What is more, the minutes record the debating of certain issues in an official and democratic forum, so that those not involved in the process can be assured that the decision was not taken lightly. As Dong Bennett, an administrative and financial manager w
43、ith Allied Breweries, explains: “Time and effort are seen to have been invested in scrutinizing a certain course of action“. Key individuals are also seen to have put their names behind that particular course of action. The decision can therefore proceed with the full weight of the organization behi
44、nd it, even if it actually went through “on the nod“. At the same time, the burden of responsibility is spread, so that no individual takes the blame. Thus, the public nature of formal meetings confers a degree of legitimacy on what happens in them. Having a view pass unchallenged at a meeting can b
45、e taken to indicate consensus. However, meetings also serve as an alibi for action, as demonstrated by one manager who explained to his subordinates: “I did what I could to prevent it I had our objections minutes in two meetings“. The proof of conspicuous effort was there in black and white. By mere
46、ly attending meetings, managers buttress their status, while non-attendance can carry with it a certain stigma. Whether individual managers intend to make a contribution or not, it is satisfying to be considered one of those whose views matter. Ostracism, for senior managers, is not being invited to
47、 meetings. As one cynic observed, meetings are comfortingly tangible: “Who on the shop floor really believes that managers are working when they tour the works? But assemble them behind closed doors and call it a meeting and everyone will take it for granted that they are hard at work“. Managers are
48、 being seen to earn their corn. Meetings provide managers with another form of comfort too that of formality. Meetings follow a fixed format: Exchanges are ritualized, the participants are probably known in advance, there is often a written agenda, and there is a chance to prepare. Little wonder the
49、n, that they come as welcome relief from the upheaval and uncertainty of life outside the meeting room. Managers can draw further comfort from the realization that their peers are every bit as bemused and fallible as themselves. Meetings provide constant reminders that they share the same problems, preoccupations and anxieties, that they are all in the same boat. And for those who may be slightly adrift, meetings are ideal occasions for gently pulling them round. As Steve Styles, the process control manager (life services) at Legal it is eaten by the Arabs in s
