1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试历年真题试卷汇编 3及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording t
2、wice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will
3、hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear e
4、ach piece ONLY ONCE. 11 World AIDS Day is a day to （ A） consider the treatment of individuals with the AIDS virus. （ B） show the importance of the AIDS Association. （ C） call on doctors to place more importance on AIDS patients. （ D） celebrate the achievements in the control of AIDS. 12 What is the
5、theme for the next year s AIDS campaign? （ A） Development of a cure for AIDS. （ B） Fair treatment of AIDS patients. （ C） Progress in AIDS research. （ D） Courage to live with AIDS. 13 How many women were infected with the AIDS virus last year? （ A） 2 million. （ B） 4 million. （ C） 19 million. （ D） 39
6、million. 14 What did Biko study in the university? （ A） Politics. （ B） Black nationalism. （ C） Medicine. （ D） Government policies. 15 When did Biko become the honorary president of the Black People s Convention? （ A） 1968. （ B） 1972. （ C） 1973. （ D） 1977 16 What did the South African Government do w
7、ith the Black Consciousness Movement at the beginning? （ A） Put up with it. （ B） Restricted its activities. （ C） Arrested its leaders. （ D） Granted limited approval. 17 What is the purpose of Left-handers International? （ A） To help left-handers find better jobs. （ B） To change public attitudes towa
8、rds left-handers. （ C） To rid left-handers of their prejudices. （ D） To show the public the talents of left-handers. 18 What have researchers found in their studies of hand preference? （ A） Children dont show strong hand preference until six. （ B） Children under three tend to have a favorite eye and
9、 ear. （ C） There are as many male left-handers as female ones. （ D） Left-handers are more interesting than right-handers. 19 Left-handers seem more athletic because they （ A） are more energetic. （ B） persist in physical training. （ C） possess a creative impulse. （ D） have a better sense of space. 20
10、 What is the problem some left-handers might suffer from? （ A） Slowness in communication. （ B） Awkwardness in action. （ C） Speech defect. （ D） Difficulty in writing. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A
11、, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Pragmatism is a philosophical movement that has had a major impact on American culture from the late 19th century to the present. Pragmatism calls【 C1】 _ideas and theories to be tested in practice, by【 C2】 _whether acting upon the idea or theory produces desirable o
12、r undesirable results. The ideas of the pragmatists were considered【 C3】 _when they first appeared. To some critics, pragmatism s【 C4】 _to affirm any absolute standards carried negative implications for society.【 C5】 _, pragmatists do not believe that a single absolute idea of goodness or justice ex
13、ists, but【 C6】 _that these concepts are changeable and depend on the【 C7】 _in which they are being discussed. The【 C8】 _of these absolutes, critics feared, could result in a(n) 【 C9】 _in moral standards. The pragmatists denial of absolutes,【 C10】 _, challenged the foundations of religion, government
14、, and schools of thought.【 C11】 _, pragmatism influenced developments in psychology, sociology, and many other schools and movements.【 C12】 _political groups have also drawn【 C13】 _the assumptions of pragmatism, from the progressive movements of the early 20th century to later experiments in social
15、reform. Pragmatism is best【 C14】 _in its historical and cultural context. It arose during the late 19th century, a period of rapid scientific advancement【 C15】 _by the theories of British biologist Charles Darwin, whose theories【 C16】 _to many thinkers that humanity and society are in a【 C17】 _state
16、 of progress. During this same period, a decline in【 C18】 _religious beliefs and values accompanied the industrialization and material progress of the time. In【 C19】 _it became necessary to rethink【 C20】 _ideas about values, religion, science, community, and individuality. 21 【 C1】 （ A） for （ B） in
17、（ C） out （ D） off 22 【 C2】 （ A） discussing （ B） predicting （ C） assessing （ D） questioning 23 【 C3】 （ A） reasonable （ B） credible （ C） revolutionary （ D） attractive 24 【 C4】 （ A） effort （ B） refusal （ C） intention （ D） hesitation 25 【 C5】 （ A） In turn （ B） Above all （ C） For example （ D） In addition
18、 26 【 C6】 （ A） rather （ B） also （ C） still （ D） even 27 【 C7】 （ A） domain （ B） vicinity （ C） context （ D） surrounding 28 【 C8】 （ A） subject （ B） defect （ C） existence （ D） absence 29 【 C9】 （ A） change （ B） decline （ C） correction （ D） interest 30 【 C10】 （ A） therefore （ B） nevertheless （ C） anyway （
19、 D） moreover 31 【 C11】 （ A） As a rule （ B） On the contrary （ C） As a result （ D） On average 32 【 C12】 （ A） Particular （ B） Various （ C） Significant （ D） Few 33 【 C13】 （ A） on （ B） in （ C） up （ D） forth 34 【 C14】 （ A） simulated （ B） handled （ C） practiced （ D） understood 35 【 C15】 （ A） typified （ B）
20、systemized （ C） generalized （ D） justified 36 【 C16】 （ A） supposed （ B） contributed （ C） implied （ D） suggested 37 【 C17】 （ A） perpetual （ B） consistent （ C） prosperous （ D） temporary 38 【 C18】 （ A） universal （ B） prevalent （ C） traditional （ D） representative 39 【 C19】 （ A） consequence （ B） reality
21、 （ C） essence （ D） contrast 40 【 C20】 （ A） confusing （ B） fundamental （ C） controversial （ D） dominant Part A 40 Overshadowed by rows over Nigeria and Lockerbie, the Commonwealth s attempts to refocus on trade and investment the main theme of the Edinburgh heads of government meeting attracted littl
22、e attention and even less praise. Hopes were high that the summit s economic statement would be of similar weight to the Harare Declaration, issued in 1991 to map out a political agenda for the ex-colonial club after the end of its preoccupation with the struggle against separateness. But the public
23、ation of the statement did little to divert attention from rows over the trial of two Lockerbie bomb suspects and over the decision by the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group (CMag)not to impose new sanctions against Nigeria. CMag chose to ignore calls for Nigeria s expulsion and the imposition of
24、 an oil embargo. They concluded that the situation would be reassessed if General Sani Abacha failed to honor his promise to hold fully democratic elections next October. The Prime Minister, Tony Blair, was delighted with the six-page document, entitled Promoting Shared Prosperity. “It signals the e
25、nd of ideology and reflects basic principles of economic and social justice, “ Downing Street said. “It would have been unthinkable only a short time ago. “ But the declaration produced few surprises and many boring repetitions of statements based on affirmation of free market principles in the glob
26、al economy. It was never going to be easy to bridge gaps between the Commonwealth s 54 members, which include both wealthy countries, such as Britain, and some of the world s poorest, such as Bangladesh. So Edinburgh stayed on safe ground, establishing four key principles: 1)The world economy should
27、 be geared towards promoting universal growth and prosperity for all: 2)There must be effective participation by all countries in economic decision-making: 3)The removal of obstacles that prevent developing countries from playing a full part in shaping the global economy: 4)International regimes aff
28、ecting economic relations among nations should provide benefits for all. Caribbean members insisted on a reference to their troubles over banana exports threatened by a new World Trade Organization ruling, and won recognition of their “legitimate interests“ and the need for help to diversify their e
29、conomies. Practical measures included a decision to establish a Commonwealth Trade and Investment Access Facility to help developing countries take advantage of globalization. One additional source of revenue was opened up with the creation of a new fund for development in South Asian member countri
30、es. The Worldwide Fund for Nature said the Commonwealth had not matched its rhetoric about the dangers of globalisation by failing to promise higher-quality investment, protection for the environment and labour rights. 41 The word “rows“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1)most probably refers to 42 It can be lear
31、ned from the first two paragraphs that 43 The six-page document Promoting Shared Prosperity 44 The Edinburgh meeting established four key principles including 45 The Worldwide Fund for Nature s comment on the Commonwealth s behavior is Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the que
32、stions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 45 A Food and Drug Administration (FDA)advisory committee has concluded that a novel new treatment can greatly help rheumatoid arthritis patients. The panel recommended approving Enbrel for use alone in patients w
33、ho haven t responded to other drugs or in combination with methotrexate, a cancer drug that has been the main treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. The FDA must make a final decision by early November, and the drug s maker says it could be on the market by year s end. In rheumatoid arthritis, which af
34、fects 2.1 million Americans, the immune system attacks healthy joints. A major wrongdoer in this process is a protein called “tumor killing factor“ , or TNF, which interacts with a special molecule, or TNF receptor, on cells surfaces. To keep inflammation in check, cells normally release some recept
35、ors to mop up excess TNF, rendering it inactive. Apparently, rheumatoid arthritis patients dont have enough free-floating TNF receptors. Enbrel consists of genetically engineered TNF receptors. In a six-month study, 234 patients with advanced rheumatoid arthritis received one of two doses of Enbrel
36、or a placebo (harmless substance given as if it were medicine)in twice-a-week injections. They took injections for six months. By the end, 40% of patients on the larger Enbrel dose saw symptoms, such as swelling and joint pain, cut in half. Only 5% on the placebo did that well. The main side effect
37、was minor irritation at the injection site. Because some TNF is needed for a normal immune response, there is at least a theoretical risk of infections or even cancer in patients who take Enbrel, so the FDA panel urged long-term safety studies. Last week, the FDA approved Arava, an oral treatment fo
38、r rheumatoid arthritis that is similar to methotrexate. While calling both Enbrel and Arava “potentially very important“ , Brian Butcher, vice president for research at the Arthritis Foundation, notes they have been tested in relatively few patients. Butcher says their safety should be closely monit
39、ored once they re widely available. 46 Enbrel as recommended by FDA advisory committee （ A） could be a substitute for methotrexate in the near future. （ B） might bring hope to rheumatoid arthritis patients. （ C） should be administered to all rheumatoid arthritis patients alike. （ D） would distinguis
40、h itself for its cancer-killing effect. 47 Which of the following is responsible for the inflammation of the joints? （ A） A special molecule on cell s surface. （ B） A free-floating receptor. （ C） A tumor-killing protein. （ D） Inactive TNF. 48 We learn from Paragraph 6 that （ A） Enbrel treatment in l
41、arge doses could reduce the patients symptoms. （ B） arthritis patients presented symptoms after Enbrel treatment. （ C） arthritis patients with treatment of a placebo were rid of symptoms. （ D） only 5% on the placebo got symptoms such as swelling and joint pain. 49 The wide use of the new drug Enbrel
42、 relies much on （ A） justification of the new treatment. （ B） a new monitoring system. （ C） mass production of the drug. （ D） long-term safety studies. 50 Which of the following might be an appropriate title for the text? （ A） TNF and Immune System （ B） Enbrel versus Methotrexate （ C） Arthritis Drug
43、 on Path to Approval （ D） Study on Rheumatoid Arthritis 50 How far away you are from retirement plays a large part in how you should invest your retirement money. According to Leslie Wright of Westminster Portfolio Services Ltd., there are three stages to a long-term regular savings plan for retirem
44、ent: capitalization, consolidation and conservation. In the first stage, people should be most concerned with building up their retirement savings investment. According to Wright, these investors can “take as aggressive an outlook as their nerves can stand, “ because at this point there is little ca
45、pital to risk. The second step, consolidation, makes up the bulk of your savings plan: balance the aggressive investments with some tamer ones, to better protect your existing possessions. The final change, from consolidation to conservation, when your investments should aim to preserve the capital
46、you have, should take place one to three years before you retire. The exact timing of all these should take current market conditions into account, although Wright warns against risky betting on future growth. “Greed must not be allowed to blind prudence, “ he says. Whatever vehicles you choose for
47、your retirement share-holding, be sure to take advantage of dollar-cost averaging. By investing a fixed amount at regular intervals, you 11 be able to avoid the risk of poorly timed investments by averaging out the peaks and valleys of the market. Plus, regular contributions will let you avoid the t
48、emptation to drop out when the market falls, and to buy too much when prices are high. Those who are well along the road to retirement may have cause for concern these days. The plunging stock and property markets have shrunk savings, for retirement and otherwise: and some people have not planned fo
49、r their retirement at all. You won t be that rash, of course, but what if you re already in mid-career and don t have a retirement plan in place? If you don t make some serious cuts in your spending and save heavily now, you 11 have to sacrifice in your golden years. Of course, it s better still to get off on the right foot by starting your planning early. “No one should have to compromise his living standards when he retires, “ says Wright. “ Retirement is
