1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 122及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 It is an _ which may be brown, green or black in color. 2 The word “petroleum“ comes from _ and _. 3 Petroleum that comes directly from deep in the ground is called_ 4 At a refinery the crude oil is _ into its various parts. 5 From the refined o
3、il we obtain important products, such as_, kerosene, detergents, _, and perfumes. PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 The
4、 telegraph was invented _ . 7 The telegraphist could send messages more quickly than a horseman could_. 8 Because sending a telegram was at first costly, telegraphists used as few words_. 9 Sometimes words were misspelt and the telegrams were difficult _. 10 The news came as a great surprise to ever
5、ybody, because the governor _. PART C Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 sec
6、onds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE. 11 Kuwait is a country_. （ A） which is very rich （ B） with only more than one million population （ C） which produces oil （ D） all the above 12 Kuwaitis can enjoy _. （ A） free college education （ B） free health care （ C）
7、free world traveling （ D） free hotel rooms 13 What are the one percent non-Moslems engaged in Kuwait? （ A） Working for oil companies. （ B） Working for medical organizations. （ C） Working for UN inspection teams. （ D） Working for NGOs. 14 What is the lowest temperature in the Antarctic? （ A） -50 . （
8、B） -68 . （ C） -70 . （ D） -88 . 15 How long did it take Byrd and his colleagues to fly from Little America to the South Pole and back? （ A） 15 hours. （ B） 16 hours. （ C） 18 hours. （ D） 19 hours. 16 Byrd did not agree with Ronald Amundsen in that _. （ A） the Antarctic is not a suitable place for human
9、 beings to survive （ B） people cannot explore the Pole area from air （ C） the airplanes would one day replace dogs and sledges （ D） dogs and sledges need no human care 17 Why does the woman want to have a dog? （ A） Because she is lonely. （ B） Because she loves to protect a pet. （ C） Because she thin
10、ks dogs are good companions. （ D） Because she just lost one dog. 18 According to the man, the decision of choosing dog breed depends partly on_. （ A） past experience （ B） specialists ideas （ C） family conditions （ D） common sence 19 How old is the perfect age for a dog to be adopted to a human famil
11、y? （ A） 6 to 8 weeks. （ B） Three months at most. （ C） Six months at least. （ D） One year old. 20 What do you think the woman is going to do? （ A） Adopting a dog soon. （ B） Giving up the idea of having a dog. （ C） Buying dogs and cats at same time. （ D） Asking for another ones opinion. 一、 Section II
12、Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet
13、 much had happened 【 21】 _ . As was discussed before, it was not 【 22】 _ the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 【 23】_ ,following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 【 24】 _ of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolut
14、ion 【 25】_ up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 【 26】 _ through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 【 27】 _ the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 【 28】_ . It is important to do so. It is generally recognized
15、, 【 29】 _ , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 【 30】 _ by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s,radically changed the process, 【 31】 _ its impact on the media was not immediately 【 32】 _ . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, a
16、nd they became“ personal“ too , as well as 【 33】 _ ,with display becoming sharper and storage 【 34】 _ increasing. They were thought of, like people, 【 35】 _ generations, with the distance between generations much 【 36】 _ . It was within the computer age that the term“ information society“ began to b
17、e widely used to describe the 【 37】 _ within which we now live. The communications revolution has 【 38】 _ 1both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 【 39】 _ views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits“ have bee
18、n weighed 【 40】 _ “harmful“ outcomes; And generalizations have proved difficult. 21 【 21】 （ A） between （ B） before （ C） since （ D） later 22 【 22】 （ A） after （ B） by （ C） during （ D） until 23 【 23】 （ A） means （ B） method （ C） medium （ D） measure 24 【 24】 （ A） process （ B） company （ C） light （ D） form
19、 25 【 25】 （ A） gathered （ B） speeded （ C） worked （ D） picked 26 【 26】 （ A） on （ B） out （ C） over （ D） off 27 【 27】 （ A） of （ B） for （ C） beyond （ D） into 28 【 28】 （ A） concept （ B） dimension （ C） effect （ D） perspective 29 【 29】 （ A） indeed （ B） hence （ C） however （ D） therefore 30 【 30】 （ A） brough
20、t （ B） followed （ C） stimulated （ D） characterized 31 【 31】 （ A） unless （ B） since （ C） lest （ D） although 32 【 32】 （ A） apparent （ B） desirable （ C） negative （ D） plausible 33 【 33】 （ A） institutional （ B） universal （ C） fundamental （ D） instrumental 34 【 34】 （ A） ability （ B） capability （ C） capac
21、ity （ D） faculty 35 【 35】 （ A） by means of （ B） in terms of （ C） with regard to （ D） in line with 36 【 36】 （ A） deeper （ B） fewer （ C） nearer （ D） smaller 37 【 37】 （ A） context （ B） range （ C） scope （ D） territory 38 【 38】 （ A） regarded （ B） impressed （ C） influenced （ D） effected 39 【 39】 （ A） comp
22、etitive （ B） controversial （ C） distracting （ D） irrational 40 【 40】 （ A） above （ B） upon （ C） against （ D） with Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 The history of English is convent
23、ionally, if perhaps too neatly, divided into three periods usually called Old ( or Anglo-Saxon) English, Middle English, and Modem English. The earliest period begins with migration of certain Germanic tribes from the continent to Britain in the fifth century A. D, though no records of their languag
24、e survive from before the seventh century, and it continues until the end of the seventh century or a bit later. By that time, Latin, Old Norse ( the language of the Viking invaders), and especially the Anglo-Norman French of the dominant class after the Norman Conquest in 1066 had begun to have a s
25、ubstantial impact on the vocabulary, and the welldeveloped inflectional system that typifies the grammar of Old English had begun to break down. The period of Middle English extends roughly from the twelfth century through the fifteenth. The influence of French ( and Latin, often by way of French) u
26、pon the vocabulary continued throughout the period, the loss of some inflections and the reduction of others accelerated, and many changes took place within the grammatical systems of the language. A typical prose passage, especially one from the later part of the period, will not have such a foreig
27、n look to us as the prose of Old English, but it will not be mistaken for contemporary writing either. The period of Modern English extends from the sixteenth century to our own day. The early part of this period say the completion of a revolution in vowel distribution that had begun in late Middle
28、English and that effectively brought the language to something resembling its present pattern. Other important early deyelopments include the stabilizing effect on spelling of the printing press and the beginning of the direct influence of Latin, and to a lesser extent, Greek on the vocabulary. Late
29、r, as English came into contact with other cultures around the world and distinctive dialects of English developed in the many areas which Britain had colonized, numerous other languages made small but interesting contributions to our word-stock. 41 The earliest written record of English available t
30、o us started _. （ A） from the seventh century （ B） from the fifth century （ C） from the twelfth century （ D） from the ninth century 42 What is the main feature of the grammar of Old English? （ A） The influence of Latin. （ B） A revolution in vowel distribution. （ C） A well-developed inflectional syst
31、em. （ D） Loss of some inflections. 43 What can be inferred form the passage? （ A） Even an educated person can not read old English without special training. （ B） A person who knows French well can understand old English. （ C） An educated person can understand old English but can not pronounce it. （
32、D） A person can pronounce old English words but cant understand them. 44 Which of the following is NOT mentioned? （ A） French. （ B） Latin. （ C） Greek. （ D） German. 45 What is the most remarkable characteristic of Modem English? （ A） Numerous additions to its vocabulary. （ B） Complete loss of its inf
33、lectional system. （ C） Gradual changes in its grammatical system. （ D） The direct influence of Latin. 45 A multinational corporation is a corporate enterprise, which though headquartered in one country, conducts its operations through branches that it owns or controls around the world. The organizat
34、ions, mostly based in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan, have become major actors on the international stage, for some of them are wealthier than many of the countries they operate in. the less developed countries often welcome the multinational corporations because they are a source of i
35、nvestment and jobs. Yet their presence has its drawbacks, for these organizations soon develop immense political and economic influence in the host countries. Development becomes concentrated in a few industries that are oriented to the needs of the outsiders; profits are frequently exported rather
36、than reinvested; and local benefits go mainly to a small ruling group whose interests are tied to those of the foreigners rather than to those of their own people. The effect is to further increase export dependency and to limit the less developed countries control of their own economies. It seems t
37、hat both the modernization and world-system approaches may be valid in certain respects. The modernization model does help us make sense of the historical fact of industrialization and of the various internal adjustments that, societies undergo during this process. The world-system model reminds us
38、that countries do not develop in isolation. They do so in a context of fierce international political and economic competition, a competition whose outcome favors the stronger parties. Today, the less developed countries are struggling to achieve in the course of a few years the material advantages
39、that the older industrialized national have taken generations to gain. The result is often a tug-of-war between the forces of modernization and the sentiments of tradition, with serious social disturbance as the result. The responses have taken many different forms; military overthrow by army office
40、rs determined to impose social order; fundamentalist religious movements urging a return to absolute moralities an certainties of the past; nationalism as a new ideology to unite the people for the challenge of modernization. And sometimes social change takes place in a way that is not evolutionary,
41、 but revolutionary. 46 Why do the less developed countries welcome the multinationals? （ A） Because multinationals are more developed. （ B） Because multinationals bring investment and jobs. （ C） Because multinationals conduct their operations through branches. （ D） Because multinationals are wealthi
42、er. 47 Which of the following is NOT the problems brought by multinationals? （ A） They limit the host countrys control of their own economies. （ B） Profits are frequently exported rather than reinvested. （ C） Various industries develop in the host country. （ D） They increase the host countrys export
43、 dependency. 48 Which of the following is most likely to benefit from the fierce international political and economic competition? （ A） The host industries. （ B） The local people. （ C） Those stronger and richer countries. （ D） The local ruling group. 49 What does the word“ tug-of-war“( L3, Para3 )pr
44、obably refer to? （ A） Serious social disorder. （ B） Military overthrow by army officers. （ C） Fierce international political and economic competition. （ D） Struggle between modernization and the sentiments of tradition. 50 What is the root cause of serious social disturbance in less developed countr
45、ies? （ A） Violent social change. （ B） Military overthrow. （ C） Nationalism. （ D） Fundamentalist religious movements. 50 In one very long sentence, the introduction to the U.N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of all the people whose governments joined together to form the U.N. “We th
46、e people of the U.N. determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war which twice in our lifetime has brought untold suffering to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations,
47、large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respet for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practice tolerance and
48、 live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ internatio
49、nal machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all peoples, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims.“ The name“ United Nations“is accredited to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of member states met and signed a declaration of common intent on New
