1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 128及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 What is Saffo according to him
3、self? 7 The Institute for the Future provides services to private companies and _. 8 The Institute believes that to think systematically about the long-range future is _. 9 To succeed in anything, one should be flexible, curious and _. 10 What does Saffo consider to be essential to the work of a tea
4、m? PART C Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to
5、 each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE. 11 Why dont developing countries have strict pollution controls? （ A） Because the new industries they want to attract do not cause much pollution. （ B） Because pollution is not a serious problem for developing countries. （ C） Because they dont real
6、ize that the balance of nature will be disturbed by some pollutants. （ D） Because if they put strict control on industry, fewer companies would build new plants in developing countries. 12 What is the authors purpose in mentioning Cubatao? （ A） To show that industrial development can proceed very qu
7、ickly in developing countries. （ B） To illustrate that the pollution problem in Brazil is extremely serious. （ C） To show that industrial growth can cause pollution problems for developing countries. （ D） To show that pollution is threatening the lives of many people and the whole economy of Brazil.
8、 13 Why do some foreign companies like to set up their plants in Brazil? （ A） They will not be severely punished if they cause pollution in Brazil. （ B） The investment environment in Brazil is suitable for them. （ C） They can make a big profit because they do not have to pay Brazilian workers much.
9、（ D） They can act in an irresponsible way in Brazil because there are no pollution laws there. 14 According to this passage, what is exactly GDP? （ A） Its a new method to measure a countrys production. （ B） Its a way to study the economies of different countries. （ C） Its a new system to help make e
10、conomic decisions. （ D） Its a means to understand a countrys economic changes. 15 How does GDP differ from GNP? （ A） GDP does not include earnings of companies operating in foreign countries. （ B） GDP counts only goods and services produced within the nations borders. （ C） GDP refers to earnings fro
11、m home-made products. （ D） Earnings by foreign-owned companies are not included in GDP. 16 Why is GDP better than GNP? （ A） Because economic experts generally approve GDP. （ B） Because most industrial countries used GDP. （ C） Because GDP provides a truer measure of a countrys economy. （ D） Because G
12、DP is easier to be understood. 17 What has the man been busy doing all week? （ A） Writing papers for his classes. （ B） Meeting with his professors. （ C） Doing extra work in the chemistry lab. （ D） Working overtime as a librarian. 18 What does file woman suggest the man do to make his work easier? （
13、A） Spend more time in the library. （ B） Write just one paper for all his classes. （ C） Drop one of his courses. （ D） Do his research on closely related topics. 19 Why does the woman mention Romanticism? （ A） She once wrote about it. （ B） She thinks the man should write about it. （ C） Shes been study
14、ing it recently. （ D） She particularly likes Romantic poetry. 20 Why doesnt the woman want any help from the man? （ A） She knows hes very busy. （ B） Hes already helped her enough. （ C） He doesnt know enough about chemistry. （ D） She doesnt need any help. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Dir
15、ections: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 【 21】 _ should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high scho
16、ol. Actually, 【 22】 _ , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 【 23】 _ because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve 【 24】 _ position. The “one perfect job“ does not exist. Young people should 【 25】 _ enter into a broad flexible training program that will
17、 【 26】 _ them for a field of work rather than for a single 【 27】_ Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 【 28】 _ benefit of help from a 【 29】 _ vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 【 30】_ about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifew
18、ork on a Mt-or-miss 【 31】 _ . Some drift from job to job. Others 【 32】_ to work in which they are unhappy and 【 33】 _ which they are not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students or their parents for them choose the professi
19、onal field, 【 34】 _ both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 【 35】 _ . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “white-collar“ job is 【 36】 _ good reason for choosing it as lifes work. 【 37】 _ , these occupations are
20、 not always well paid. 【 38】 _ a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the 【 39】 _ of young people should give serious 【 40】 _ to these fields. 21 【 21】 （ A） identification （ B） entertainment （ C） accommodation （ D） occupation 22 【 22】 （ A） however （ B） therefore （ C） though （
21、D） thereby 23 【 23】 （ A） entirely （ B） mainly （ C） partly （ D） totally 24 【 24】 （ A） its （ B） his （ C） our （ D） their 25 【 25】 （ A） since （ B） therefore （ C） furthermore （ D） forever 26 【 26】 （ A） make （ B） fit （ C） take （ D） leave 27 【 27】 （ A） job （ B） way （ C） means （ D） company 28 【 28】 （ A） to
22、（ B） for （ C） without （ D） with 29 【 29】 （ A） competitive （ B） competent （ C） competing （ D） compelling 30 【 30】 （ A） little （ B） Few （ C） much （ D） a lot 31 【 31】 （ A） chance （ B） basis （ C） purpose （ D） opportunity 32 【 32】 （ A） apply （ B） appeal （ C） stick （ D） turn 33 【 33】 （ A） with （ B） for （
23、C） to （ D） in 34 【 34】 （ A） concerning （ B） following （ C） considering （ D） disregarding 35 【 35】 （ A） preferences （ B） requirements （ C） tendencies （ D） ambitions 36 【 36】 （ A） a （ B） any （ C） no （ D） the 37 【 37】 （ A） Therefore （ B） However （ C） Nevertheless （ D） Moreover 38 【 38】 （ A） For （ B） Si
24、nce （ C） Though （ D） As if 39 【 39】 （ A） majority （ B） mass （ C） minority （ D） multitude 40 【 40】 （ A） proposal （ B） suggestion （ C） consideration （ D） appraisal Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANS
25、WER SHEET 1. 40 Psychologists who adopt a strong behaviorist position deny that emotion experiences are matters for scientific inquiry. In contrast, some biosocial theories hold that emotion feelings must be studied because they are the primary factors in organizing and motivating human behavior. Ac
26、cording to these theories, most of the functions attributed to emotion expressions. Such as empathy and altruism, are dependent on the organizing and motivating properties of underlying emotion feelings. Emotion experiences have several other functions. Several lines of research have shown that indu
27、ced emotion affects perception, learning, and memory. In one study, conducted by Carroll E. Izard and his students, subjects were made happy or angry and then shown happy and angry faces and friendly and hostile interpersonal scenes in a stereoscope. Happy subjects perceived more happy faces and fri
28、endly interpersonal scenes, and angry subjects perceived more angry faces and hospital interpersonal scenes. In this case, emotion apparently altered the basic perceptual process. In another study subjects were made happy or sad and then given happy and sad information about fictional persons and la
29、ter asked to give their impressions and make judgments about the fictional characters. Overall, happy subjects reported more favorable impressions and positive judgments than sad subjects did. These studies provide evidence for the common wisdom that happy people are more likely to see the world thr
30、ough rose-colored glasses. An extensive series of studies indicated that positive emotion feelings enhance empathy and altruism. It was shown by the American psychologist Alice M. Isen that relatively small favors or bits or good luck (like finding money in coin telephone or getting an unexpected gi
31、ft) induced positive emotion in people and that such emotion regularly increased the subjects inclination to sympathize or provide help. Several studies have demonstrated that positive emotion facilitates creative problem solving. One of these studies showed that positive emotion enabled subjects to
32、 name more uses for common objects. Another showed that positive emotion enhanced creative problem solving by enabling subjects to see relations among objects that would otherwise go unnoticed. A number of studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of positive emotion on thinking, memory, and
33、action in preschool and older children. 41 The main topic of this passage is （ A） psychologists and their personality. （ B） language and emotion. （ C） researches on human emotion. （ D） different types of human behavior. 42 All of the following statements are true EXCEPT （ A） emotion feeling sometime
34、s may change the basic perceptual process. （ B） emotion may affect peoples cognitive processes. （ C） emotion tends to make people unable to solve problems. （ D） some psychologists disagree with some biosocial theories on whether emotion experiences should be studied. 43 In the 2nd paragraph, “to see
35、 the world through rose-colored glasses“ (line 11 ) means （ A） to think the world is pleasantry than it really is. （ B） to perceive the world in a pessimistic way. （ C） to see the world through a pair of red glasses. （ D） to understand that the world is full of red color. 44 It can be inbreed that a
36、 happy person （ A） is more successful than a sad person. （ B） spends less time on his studies. （ C） tends to give unfavorable comments on things now and then. （ D） tends to give favorable impressions about what they encounter. 45 The sentence “positive emotion feelings enhance empathy and altruism“
37、(line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means （ A） positive emotion feelings are sought after by everyone. （ B） positive emotion feelings make people likely to show sympathy and be unselfish. （ C） positive emotion feelings improve ones health greatly. （ D） positive emotion feelings happiness and luck to
38、 ones lives. 45 In 1637 the French philosopher-mathematician Rene Descartes predicted that it would never be possible to make a machine that thinks as humans do. In 1950, the British mathematician and computer pioneer Alan Turing declared that one day there would be a machine that could duplicate hu
39、man intelligence in every way and prove it by passing a specialized test. In this test, a computer and a human hidden from view would be asked random identical questions. If the computer were successful, the questioner would be unable to distinguish the machine from the person by the answers. Inspir
40、ed by Turings theory, the first conference on AI convened at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire in 1956. Soon afterwards an Al laboratory was started at Massachusetts Institute of Technology by John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky, two of the nations leading AI proponents. McCarthy also invented the Al c
41、omputer language, Lisp; but by the early 1990s Al itself had not been achieved. However, logic programs called expert systems allow computers to “make decisions“ by interpreting data and selecting from among alternatives. Technicians can run programs used in complex medical diagnosis, language trans
42、lation, mineral exploration, and even computer design. Machinery can outperform humans physically. So, too, can computers outperform mental functions in limited areas notably in the speed of mathematical calculations. For example, the fastest computers developed are able to perform roughly 10 billio
43、n calculations per second. But making more powerful computers will probably not be the way to create a machine capable of passing the Turing test. Computer programs operate according to set procedures, or logic steps, called algorithms. In addition, most computers do serial processing; operations of
44、 recognition and computation are performed one at a time. The brain works in a manner called parallel processing, performing operations simultaneously. To achieve simulated parallel processing, some supercomputers have been made with multiple processors to follow several algorithms at the same time.
45、 Critics of this approach insist that solving a computation does not indicate understanding, something a person who solved a problem would have. Human reasoning is not based solely on roles of logic. It involves perception, awareness, emotional preferences, values, evaluating experience, the ability
46、 to generalize and weigh options, and more. Some proponents of AI have, therefore, suggested that computers should be patterned after the human brain, which essentially consists of a network of nerve cells. By the early 1990s, the closest approximation to Al was a special silicon chip built to behav
47、e like a human brain cell. It was modeled after the internal workings of neurons in the human cerebral cortex. Unlike the conventional silicon chip, which works in digital mode, the new silicon chip works in analog mode, much the way a human brain cell works. 46 According to Turing, a computer has h
48、uman-like intelligence in a special test if （ A） the computer gives better answers. （ B） the questioner falls to give identical questions. （ C） the questioner cant tell between the answers of a person and a computer. （ D） the questioner cant find the person hidden by the computer. 47 What significan
49、ce did Turings theory have on the development of AI? （ A） It started the research on AI. （ B） It established the expert system. （ C） It taught technicians how to use complicated programs. （ D） It invented the A1 computer language. 48 In what way is the computer superior to the human brain? （ A） It calculates much faster. （ B） It is more logical. （ C） It does better on the Turing test. （ D） It can perform several operation
