1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 131及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 What should be the primary sou
3、rce of help for a troubled couple? 7 Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them _. 8 Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they cant talk with each other? 9 Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their _. 10
4、 According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder? PART C Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. Aft
5、er listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE. 11 Why does the man ask the woman for her notes? （ A） His notes are poor. （ B） His vision is getting worse. （ C） He has missed a couple of classes. （ D） He doesnt have any money to buy n
6、otes. 12 Where does the man work? （ A） At a library. （ B） At a copy shop. （ C） At a laboratory. （ D） At a coffee shop. 13 What does the woman propose to the man? （ A） They skip class. （ B） They get some rest. （ C） They study together. （ D） They go to the cafeteria. 14 When did people stop exploring
7、a lot? （ A） In the second half of the 19th century. （ B） In the 1960s. （ C） In the first half of the 20th century. （ D） In the early 1800s. 15 Which was an important invention in the 19th century? （ A） Movies with sound. （ B） Nylon. （ C） The radio. （ D） The computer. 16 What made people healthier an
8、d let them five longer lives in the middle part of the 20th century? （ A） Improved living conditions （ B） New ways to help people get over diseases. （ C） Many inventions in industry. （ D） Industrialization in developing countries. 17 Who was Andrew Jackson? （ A） He was the commander of the American
9、Army during the War of 1812. （ B） He was President of the United States. （ C） He was one of the most colorful political figures. （ D） All of the above. 18 What did Jackson worry about greatly after his wife died? （ A） The American Revolution. （ B） His health. （ C） His family. （ D） His soldiers. 19 W
10、hat was Jackson doing one day at the home of some friends? （ A） Playing chess. （ B） Discussing some political issues. （ C） Attending a party. （ D） Writing some letters. 20 Why couldnt he feel anything in his right leg? （ A） Because his right side was paralyzed. （ B） Because he pinched his right leg
11、and there was no sensation in it. （ C） Because what he pinched was the girls leg, not his own. （ D） Because he had a sudden stroke. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20
12、The population of the United States is only 6% of the worlds population, but Americans 【 21】 _ one third of all the energy 【 22】 _ in the world. This fact alone says that Americans need to use less energy. And because the price of energy had been rising very rapidly 【 23】 _ the limited supplies of o
13、il in particular, Americans are becoming aware to the need to 【 24】 _ energy. In California we have a California Energy Commission which has set up in the past five years to 【 25】 _ plan for our future energy use. We have 【 26】 _ laws in California to help us conserve energy. First of all, our house
14、s in California have been very 【 27】 _ of energy in the past. They were not 【 28】 _ very carefully and so the heat would go out of the house very rapidly. Now we require that the homes have a 【 29】 _ level of insulation, and so the homes built now are much more 【 30】 _ . 【 31】 _ , in transportation
15、【 32】 _ a large percentage of oil energy is used, we need to develop more public transportation. In China, of course you have a very good public transportation system. And it is a (n) 【 33】 _ for the kind of thing we need to develop more in the United States. Automobiles are also becoming more 【 34】
16、 _ . The smaller automobile with efficient engine can help to conserve a large amount of energy along with planning our 【 35】 _ more carefully. Many different studies have shown that we could 【 36】 _ our energy consumption by 【 37】 _ half or two thirds and still have the 【 38】 _ quality of life. And
17、 many different types of technologies are currently being researched as to 【 39】 _ they can be built to use 【 40】 _ energy and still supply the same service. 21 【 21】 （ A） conserve （ B） consume （ C） produce （ D） supply 22 【 22】 （ A） preserves （ B） sources （ C） deserves （ D） reserves 23 【 23】 （ A） ow
18、ing to （ B） resulting in （ C） in spite of （ D） in the cause of 24 【 24】 （ A） consume （ B） conserve （ C） exhaust （ D） retain 25 【 25】 （ A） generate （ B） help （ C） conceive （ D） originate 26 【 26】 （ A） staged （ B） composed （ C） developed （ D） devised 27 【 27】 （ A） frugal （ B） economical （ C） wasteful
19、（ D） saving 28 【 28】 （ A） insulated （ B） insulted （ C） resulted （ D） separated 29 【 29】 （ A） largest （ B） smallest （ C） maximum （ D） minimum 30 【 30】 （ A） effective （ B） sufficient （ C） efficient （ D） deficient 31 【 31】 （ A） However （ B） Also （ C） Therefore （ D） For example 32 【 32】 （ A） why （ B） wh
20、ere （ C） who （ D） which 33 【 33】 （ A） example （ B） responsibility （ C） opportunity （ D） obligation 34 【 34】 （ A） fashionable （ B） luxurious （ C） efficient （ D） effective 35 【 35】 （ A） transportation （ B） travel （ C） energy （ D） automobile 36 【 36】 （ A） condense （ B） reduce （ C） crush （ D） swell 37 【
21、 37】 （ A） at least （ B） at most （ C） at full （ D） at length 38 【 38】 （ A） bottom （ B） same （ C） mean （ D） adequate 39 【 39】 （ A） where （ B） why （ C） when （ D） how 40 【 40】 （ A） less （ B） sufficient （ C） adequate （ D） lacking Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions belo
22、w each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 Of the estimated 10,000 and 20,000 words that make up the average Americans vocabulary, slang constitutes about 10 percent, according to the authors of the Dictionary of American Slang. Although slang words represent a ra
23、ther small segment of our English language, they are often the liveliest, most innovative and most colorful words we use. There is something sensual and tactile about many slang words, which borrow heavily from the vocabularies associated with food. Hands are called meat hooks; loved ones are called
24、 honey, sweet pie or sugar; someone whose intellect is suspect is a fruitcake, cabbage head or just plain nuts. “The primary function of slang is to adorn your speech, to be lively, witty and new. Newness is the essence of slang,“ says David Pharies, professor of linguistics at the University of Flo
25、rida. One of the main purpose of using slang is to solidify ones identification with a group. Slang is most prevalent among the young and among such groups as blacks, teenagers, drug users, criminals, carnival workers, hobos and the uneducated. Often, slang is used as a code language to fortify the
26、group and to exclude outsiders. Some criminal slang, called cant, is so highly developed that pickpockets, for example, can carry on a conversation in front of a victim without the persons realizing that they are discussing which pocket to pick. Americans, in general, use more slang than other natio
27、nalities because of our diversity, emphasis on free speech, immigrant heritage and lack of a formal, national language academy. The mobility of American bas further spread regional expressions that have become general slang. 41 According to the passage, most of the slang words （ A） have little to do
28、 with the words of food. （ B） make up the average Americans vocabulary. （ C） are in themselves related to the sense of touch. （ D） represent 10 percent of the Dictionary of American Slang. 42 Which of the following can best describe the essence of slang? （ A） Vivid. （ B） Creative. （ C） Original. （ D
29、） Colorful. 43 The author defines slang as “a code language“ by （ A） explaining how it is formed. （ B） stating its functions. （ C） comparing some slang words with codes. （ D） giving some relevant examples. 44 From the prevalence of using slang among the young and uneducated people, we can infer that
30、 （ A） slang is the language only used by blacks and criminals. （ B） slang is somewhat considered as a class distinction. （ C） slang shows the generation gap. （ D） slang is a kind of language in bad sense. 45 Americans in particular use so much slang because of all of the following except （ A） Americ
31、ans are multi-nationalities. （ B） Americans are very traditional and heritage-oriented. （ C） Americans are informal in speech. （ D） Americans are of immigrant heritage. 45 Futurists have identified two changes that seem to be central to contemporary social life. First, the United States is being res
32、tructured from an industrial to an information society. Second, modem societies are increasingly shifting from a national to a global economy. Futurists have applied a good many metaphors to these changes, including Daniel Bells “postindustrial society,“ Alvin Tofflers “the third wave“ and John Nais
33、bitts “megatrends“. Common to these metaphors is the notion that American society is shifting from the production of goods to the production of services and from society based on the coordination of people and machines to a society organized around knowledge. These changes, it is contended, will aff
34、ord a great variety of choices. The world will increasingly be one of many flavors, not just vanilla or chocolate. Many observers of contemporary American life believe that we are witnessing a historical change and the first major impact of the shift from an energy economy to an information economy.
35、 For 300 years technology has been cast in a mechanical model, one based on the combustion processes that go on inside a star like the sun. The steam engine opened the mechanical age, and it reached its apex with the discovery of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, which replicated the energy produc
36、ing processes of a star. We now seem to be moving toward a biological model based on information and involving the intensive use of materials. Although biological processes need physical energy and materials, they tend to substitute information for both. Biological processes “miniaturize“ size, ener
37、gy, and materials by “exploding“ information. The human brain is some ten times the size, and weight of the brain of a monkey, but it handles a billion times more information. As a result, high tech industries are information intensive rather than energy or material intensive. Sociologists have play
38、ed and will continue to play an important role in assessing and interpreting these developments and other aspects of change. 46 It can be inferred that underlying the two changes is the change of （ A） the instrument of production. （ B） the size of the society. （ C） the social structure. （ D） the eco
39、nomic market. 47 With what does the mechanical age reach its highest point? （ A） The steam engine. （ B） Nuclear power production. （ C） The combustion process. （ D） The energy producing process of the sun. 48 With the coming of the information age, the society is becoming （ A） more intolerable. （ B）
40、larger. （ C） more varied. （ D） a pleasanter place. 49 The underlined word “miniaturize“ (Par. 2) most probably means （ A） enlarge. （ B） diminish. （ C） manipulate. （ D） intensify. 50 What characterizes the information society? （ A） The amount of knowledge to be learned. （ B） Physical energy and mater
41、ials. （ C） Rapid change and its social effects. （ D） Small size and high capacity. 50 The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those that satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products. In todays prosperous societies the distinction has become obscure
42、because so many wants have been turned into needs. A writer, for instance, can work with paper and pencils. These are legitimate needs for the task. But the work can be done more quickly and efficiently with a word processor. Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want. In the field
43、of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased. The two main categories are convenience goods and shopping goods. Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think abou
44、t products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France (wine, for example) may be a specialty good in the United States. People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, razor blades
45、, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought on impulse: someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day. Or they
46、may be purchased as emergency items. Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices, quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision. Buying an automobile is often done this way. Shopping goods fall into two classes: those that are perceived a
47、s basically the same and those that are regarded as different, Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorabl
48、e price. Items regarded as inherently different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style, and fashion will either take precedence over price, or they will not matter at all. Specialty goods have characteristics that impel customers to make special efforts to find them. Price may be no
49、 consideration at all. Specialty goods can include almost any kind of product. Normally, specialty goods have a brand name or other distinguishing characteristics. Unsought goods are items a consumer does not necessarily want or need or may not even know about. Promotion or advertising brings such goods to the consumers attention. The product could be something new on the market as the Sony Walkman once was or it may be a fairly standard se
