1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 177及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What is the relationship between the two speakers? （ A） Teacher and student. （ B） Shop assistant and customer. （ C） Travel agent and traveler. （ D） Bus driver and tourist. 12 How many people in a group? （ A） Eight. （ B） Ten. （ C） Eleven. （ D） Twelve. 13 How long in advance does
5、 a tourist have to book? （ A） 6 or 8 months （ B） 10 weeks （ C） 6 or 8 weeks （ D） 10 months 14 According to the passage, which results in less rain and lower overall humidity? （ A） cools （ B） air rises （ C） deserts （ D） warm 15 Which of the following can hamper cloud formation and lead to less rain a
6、nd lower overall humidity ? （ A） air swirls （ B） moisture （ C） rainfall （ D） sinking air 16 What can contribute to drought? （ A） over-farming and soil erosion （ B） soil moisture （ C） water conservation （ D） natural disasters 17 The passage is mainly concerned with _ of the United States history? （ A
7、） The agricultural trends of the 1950s. （ B） The unemployment rate in 1955. （ C） The general economic situation in the 1950s. （ D） The federal budget of 1952. 18 According to the passage, the number of unemployed people in 1955 was about （ A） One million （ B） Two million （ C） Three million （ D） Four
8、 million 19 It can be inferred from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _. （ A） optimism （ B） confusion （ C） decision （ D） suspicion 20 Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950s ? （ A） Farmers.
9、（ B） Economists. （ C） Politicians. （ D） Steelworkers. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Although the size of the workforce depends a great deal on the size of the tot
10、al population, there are several other influences which also affect it. The age distribution of the total population has a very【 21】 effect on the available workforce. If the population has a high【 22】 of very young people or of【 23】 too old to work, then the available workforce would be lower than【
11、 24】 there were an【 25】 spread age distribution. If the population grows raidly【 26】 natural increase, i.e., the number of births greatly【 27】the number of deaths, then as a total population increases the proportion of the workforce【 28】 . Sometimes a population is described as aging,【 29】 means tha
12、t the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly, and as people retire【 30】 the workforce there are insufficient numbers of young people entering it to【 31】 those who are leaving it. The population is top heavy with older people. So the【 32】 of the population in the workforce declines when
13、there is【 33】 a rapid increase in births or a falling birth rate. The age distribution of the population has several important effects on the economy. If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring【 34】 a corresponding increase in the number entering the workfor
14、ce, this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a【 35】 level of social services to the retired group. If the【 36】 are to be cared【 37】 in special homes or hotels, finance must be【 38】 for that purpose. If the size of the workforce is small relative【 39】 the total population, the
15、n the government tax receipts are relatively low and either the government has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be【 40】 more heavily. （ A） little （ B） marked （ C） much （ D） lot （ A） portion （ B） correlation （ C） proportion （ D） approximation （ A） those （ B） ones （ C） who （
16、 D） that （ A） when （ B） if （ C） unless （ D） otherwise （ A） evenly （ B） oddly （ C） smoothly （ D） decently （ A） with （ B） to （ C） up （ D） from （ A） sustains （ B） exceeds （ C） overwhelms （ D） overthrows （ A） declines （ B） refuses （ C） rejects （ D） inclines （ A） this （ B） that （ C） it （ D） which （ A） to
17、 （ B） into （ C） from （ D） out （ A） supplement （ B） replace （ C） facilitate （ D） implement （ A） share （ B） percentage （ C） allocation （ D） property （ A） neither （ B） none （ C） both （ D） either （ A） with （ B） without （ C） upon （ D） after （ A） reasonable （ B） sensible （ C） predictable （ D） workable （ A
18、） aging （ B） aged （ C） retiring （ D） young （ A） for （ B） about （ C） of （ D） after （ A） feasible （ B） available （ C） practicable （ D） tractable （ A） about （ B） to （ C） of （ D） for （ A） loaded （ B） imposed （ C） taxed （ D） executed Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions
19、below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing (把 固定 ) legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our en
20、vironment with reckless abandon (放任 ). Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays-not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it. It seems
21、 that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health
22、 professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, th
23、e ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge. We mus
24、t recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly t
25、o prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. T
26、hird, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevent
27、ion rather than on bandages. 41 We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because _. （ A） they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing （ B） they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interests （ C） time has no
28、t yet come for them to put due emphasis on it （ D） it is difficult for them to take effective measures 42 The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is _. （ A） to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasion （ B） to arouse public awarene
29、ss of the importance of environmental protection （ C） to take radical measures to control environmental pollution （ D） to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards 43 The word “tunnel-visioned“ (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably means “_.“ （ A） narrow-minded （ B） blind to the fac
30、ts （ C） short-sighted （ D） able to see only one aspect 44 Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution to environmental problems? （ A） Legislation and government intervention. （ B） The industrys understanding and support. （ C） The efforts of environme
31、ntal health professionals. （ D） The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists. 45 Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph? （ A） Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures. （ B） More money should be spent in o
32、rder to stop pollution. （ C） Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution. （ D） Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade. 45 One of the good things for men in womens liberation is that men no longer have to pay women the old-fashioned courtesies.
33、In an article on the new manners, Ms. Holmes says that a perfectly able woman no longer has to act helplessly in public as if she were a model. For example, she doesnt need help getting in and out of cars. “Women get in and out of cars twenty .times a day with babies and dogs. Surely they can get ou
34、t by themselves at night just as easily.“ She also says there is no reason why a man should walk on the outside of a woman on the sidewalk. “Historically the man walked on the inside so he caught the garbage thrown out of a window. Today a man is supposed to walk on the outside. A man should walk wh
35、ere he wants to. So should a woman. If, out of love and respect, he actually wants to take the blows, he should walk on the inside-because thats where attackers are all hiding these days.“ As far as manners are concerned, I suppose I have always been a supporter of womens liberation. Over the years,
36、 out of a sense of respect, I imagine, I have refused to trouble women with outdated courtesies. It is usually easier to follow rules of social behavior than to depend on ones own taste. But rules may be safely broken, of course, by those of us with the gift of natural grace. For example, when a man
37、 and woman are led to their table in a restaurant and the waiter pulls out a chair the woman is expected to sit in. That is according to Ms. Ann Clark. I have always done it the other way according to my wife. It came up only the other night. I followed the hostess to the table, and when she pulled
38、the chair out I sat on it quite naturally since it happened to be the chair I wanted to sit in. “Well,“ my wife said when the hostess had gone, “you did it again.“ “Did what?“ I asked, utterly confused. “Took the chair.“ Actually, since Id walked through the restaurant ahead of my wife, it would hav
39、e been awkward, I should think, not to have taken the chair. I had got there first after all. Also it has always been my custom to get in a car first and let the woman get in by herself. This is a courtesy. I insist on as the stronger sex, out of love and respect. In times like these, there might be
40、 attackers hidden about. It would be unsuitable to put a woman in a car and then shut the door on her, leaving her at the mercy of some bad fellow who might be hiding in the back seat. 46 It can be concluded from the passage that _. （ A） men should walk on the inside of a sidewalk （ B） women are bec
41、oming more capable than before （ C） in womens liberation men are also liberated （ D） its safe to break rules of social behavior 47 The author was “utterly confused“ because he _. （ A） took the chair out of habit （ B） was trying to be polite （ C） was slow in understanding （ D） had forgotten what he d
42、id 48 He took the chair for all the following reasons EXCEPT that _. （ A） he got to the chair first （ B） he happened to like the seat （ C） his wife ordered him to do so （ D） hed walked ahead of his wife 49 The author always gets in a car before a woman because he _. （ A） wants to protect her （ B） do
43、esnt need to help her （ C） chooses to be impolite to her （ D） fears attacks on him 50 Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? （ A） Manners ought to be thrown away altogether. （ B） In manners one should follow his own judgement. （ C） Women no longer need to be helped in publi
44、c. （ D） Men are not expected to be courteous to women. 50 Many United States companies have, unfortunately, made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980 the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alle
45、ging damage from imports that benefit from subsides by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped“ their products in the United States at “less than fair value“. Even when no unfair practices are all alleged, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports i
46、s sufficient ground to seek relief. Contrary to the general impression, this quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop an intricate Web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these rel
47、ationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Su
48、ppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports-and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build it
49、s plant abroad-the United States companys products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties. Perhaps the most brazen case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States“ company
