1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 193及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What is the meaning of “Skating on thin ice“? （ A） One may be doing something quite difficult. （ B） One may be doing something quite risky. （ C） One may be doing something quite annoying. （ D） One may be doing something impossible. 12 When somebody told you that you will “cut n
5、o ice“ with him, what did he mean? （ A） You will not persuade him. （ B） You are getting nowhere with him. （ C） You cannot sell your ice to him. （ D） You should not waste time cutting ice with him. 13 When the game is really over, which idiom can we use? （ A） The game is on ice. （ B） Skating on thin
6、ice. （ C） To cut no ice. （ D） To break the ice. 14 According to the woman, how much money should people save for themselves? （ A） 36 months of monthly salary （ B） 13% of salary （ C） $10 （ D） Not mentioned 15 Whats the biggest mistake people make? （ A） They do not think $ 10 is a large sum of money.
7、（ B） They sacrifice movie, beer for bank deposit. （ C） They seldom have fixed deposit. （ D） They tend to live from paycheck to paycheck. 16 What does “Pay yourself first“ refer to? （ A） Take more education and make yourself promoted quickly. （ B） When you get your paycheck, save some portion of it.
8、（ C） Lend money from bank when you want to prepare for the future. （ D） Accumulate money by all means. 17 In which situation Indians wouldnt use sign language according to the passage? （ A） When they wanted to kill an enemy. （ B） When they wanted to identify a stranger. （ C） When they wanted to tell
9、 the time of the day. （ D） When they wanted to send a message to a person far away. 18 Which of the following could NOT be used by Indians to make a signal? （ A） A small horse （ B） Cigarettes （ C） A mirror （ D） Fire arrows 19 What would an Indian do when he wanted to show that he saw many animals? （
10、 A） He would run away to hide. （ B） He would send signals with a mirror. （ C） He would set a fire. （ D） He would ride a small horse in a large circle. 20 Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? （ A） A small horse （ B） Mirror signals （ C） Indian sign language （ D） Clever Indians
11、一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th
12、centuries. Yet much had happened 21 As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25
13、 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in 28 . It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, 29 , that the introdu
14、ction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32 As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal“ too, as well as 33
15、 , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36 . It was within the computer age that the term “information society“ began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. The c
16、ommunications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits“ have been weighed 40 “harmful“ outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult. （ A）
17、between （ B） before （ C） since （ D） later （ A） after （ B） by （ C） during （ D） until （ A） means （ B） method （ C） medium （ D） measure （ A） process （ B） company （ C） light （ D） form （ A） gathered （ B） speeded （ C） worked （ D） picked （ A） on （ B） out （ C） over （ D） off （ A） of （ B） for （ C） beyond （ D）
18、into （ A） concept （ B） dimension （ C） effect （ D） perspective （ A） indeed （ B） hence （ C） however （ D） therefore （ A） brought （ B） followed （ C） stimulated （ D） characterized （ A） unless （ B） since （ C） lest （ D） although （ A） apparent （ B） desirable （ C） negative （ D） plausible （ A） institutional （
19、 B） universal （ C） fundamental （ D） instrumental （ A） ability （ B） capability （ C） capacity （ D） faculty （ A） by means of （ B） in terms of （ C） with regard to （ D） in line with （ A） deeper （ B） fewer （ C） nearer （ D） smaller （ A） context （ B） range （ C） scope （ D） territory （ A） regarded （ B） impres
20、sed （ C） influenced （ D） effected （ A） competitive （ B） controversial （ C） distracting （ D） irrational （ A） above （ B） upon （ C） against （ D） with Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40
21、 Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a s
22、eries of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science; exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amate
23、ur“ does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater pro
24、blems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom. A comparison of British geological publications o
25、ver the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in
26、 the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to profe
27、ssional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development,
28、separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in loc
29、al societies or to come together nationally in a different way. Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, howev
30、er, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science. 41 The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as_. （ A） society and chemistry （ B） physics and psychology （ C） sociology and psychology （ D
31、） physics and chemistry 42 We can infer from the passage that_. （ A） there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation （ B） amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science （ C） professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community （ D） amateur
32、s have national academic societies but no local ones 43 The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate_. （ A） the process of specialisation and professionalisation （ B） the hardship of amateurs in scientific study （ C） the change of polices in scientific publications （ D） the discrim
33、ination of professionals against amateurs 44 The direct reason for specialisation is_. （ A） the development in communication （ B） the growth of professionalisation （ C） the expansion of scientific knowledge （ D） the splitting of academic societies 44 A great deal of attention is being paid today to
34、the so-called digital divide the division of the world into the info(information)rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digit
35、al divide. There are reasons to be optimistic. There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there
36、are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead.
37、And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that weve ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isnt the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential. To take advantage o
38、f this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundation
39、s of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didnt have the capital to do so. And that is why Americas Second Wave infrastructure including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans,
40、the Dutch and the French were investing in Britains former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you
41、build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off youre going to be. That doesnt mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and te
42、lecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet. 45 Digital divide is something_. （ A） getting worse because of the Internet （ B） the rich countries are responsible for （ C） the world must guard against （ D） considered positive today 46 Governments attach importance to the Intern
43、et because it_. （ A） offers economic potentials （ B） can bring foreign funds （ C） can soon wipe out world poverty （ D） connects people all over the world 47 The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_. （ A） providing financial support overseas （ B） preventing foreign
44、 capitals control （ C） building industrial infrastructure （ D） accepting foreign investment 48 It seems that now a countrys economy depends much on_. （ A） how well-developed it is electronically （ B） whether it is prejudiced against immigrants （ C） whether it adopts Americas industrial pattern （ D）
45、how much control it has over foreign corporations 48 Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility proje
46、ct. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to
47、 see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each days events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news. There exists a social and cultur
48、al disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates“ of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size, cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents
49、 in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions. Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and theyre less likely to go to church to do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community. Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isnt rooted in ina
