1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 198及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 At least, how many years will people who are overweight at 40 lose? _ （ A） One year. （ B） Two years. （ C） Three years. （ D） Four years. 12 According to Dr. Serge Jabbour, what message does the study carry? _ （ A） People have to work early on their weight. （ B） Overweight people
5、 have shorter life expectancies. （ C） Smoking is damaging to life expectancy. （ D） If people are overweight by their mid-30s to mid-40s, if they lose some weight later on, they will carry a lower risk of dying. 13 The researchers said “. which shows another potentially preventable public health disa
6、ster.“ What does “another potentially preventable public health disaster“ here refer to? _ （ A） Smoking. （ B） Obesity in young adults. （ C） Drinking. （ D） Obesity in elderly adults. 14 How many flu deaths a year in the 1990s? _ （ A） 20,000. （ B） 26,000. （ C） 30,000. （ D） 36,000. 15 Dr. Fukuda and hi
7、s colleagues reported that the virus was especially deadly in people over （ A） 55 （ B） 65 （ C） 75 （ D） 85 16 According to the report, which of the following sentences is true? _ （ A） The only method of preventing the disease is to get flu vaccines. （ B） Dr. Morens was optimistic about the immediate
8、future. （ C） As many as 87 percent of the 11,000 people who died from R. S. V. each year were 65 and older. （ D） The vaccine, which is made from a killed virus, can give people the flu. 17 Which word best describes the lawyers prediction of the change in divorce rate? （ A） Fall. （ B） Rise. （ C） V-sh
9、ape. （ D） Zigzag. 18 What do people nowadays desire to do concerning their marriage? _ （ A） To embrace changes of thought. （ B） To adapt to the disintegrated family life. （ C） To return to the practice in the 60s and 70s. （ D） To create stability in their lives. 19 Why did some people choose not to
10、divorce 20 years ago? _ （ A） They feared the complicated procedures. （ B） They wanted to go against the trend. （ C） They were afraid of losing face. （ D） They were willing to stay together. 20 Years ago a divorced man in a company would have_. （ A） been shifted around the country （ B） had difficulty
11、 being promoted （ C） enjoyed a happier life （ D） tasted little bitterness of disgrace 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 During the 1980s, unemployment and underemploy
12、ment in some countries was as high as 90 percent. Some countries did not 21 enough food; basic needs in housing and clothing were not 22 . Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed nations 23 solutions. 24 , problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrial
13、ized nations. Industry in the developed nations is highly automated and very 25 . It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly 26 workers are needed to 27 and repair the equipment. These workers must be trained, 28 many nations do not have the necessary training insti
14、tutions. Thus, the 29 of importing industry becomes higher. Students must be sent abroad to 30 vocational and professional training. 31 , just to begin training ,the students must 32 learn English, French, German, or Japanese. The students then spend many years abroad, and 33 do not return home. All
15、 nations agree that science and technology 34 be shared. The point is: countries 35 the industrial processes of the developed nations need to look carefully 36 the costs, because many of these costs are 37 . Students from these nations should 38 the problems of the industrialized countries closely.
16、39 care, they will take home not the problems of science and technology, 40 the benefits. （ A） generate （ B） raise （ C） produce （ D） manufacture （ A） answered （ B） met （ C） calculated （ D） remembered （ A） for （ B） without （ C） as （ D） about （ A） Moreover （ B） Therefore （ C） Anyway （ D） However （ A）
17、expensive （ B） mechanical （ C） flourishing （ D） complicated （ A） gifted （ B） skilled （ C） trained （ D） versatile （ A） keep （ B） maintain （ C） retain （ D） protect （ A） sine （ B） so （ C） and （ D） yet （ A） charge （ B） price （ C） cost （ D） value （ A） accept （ B） gain （ C） receive （ D） absorb （ A） Freque
18、ntly （ B） Incidentally （ C） Deliberately （ D） Eventually （ A） soon （ B） quickly （ C） immediately （ D） first （ A） some （ B） others （ C） several （ D） few （ A） might （ B） should （ C） would （ D） will （ A） adopting （ B） conducting （ C） receiving （ D） adjusting （ A） to （ B） at （ C） on （ D） about （ A） opaq
19、ue （ B） secret （ C） sealed （ D） hidden （ A） tackle （ B） learn （ C） study （ D） manipulate （ A） In （ B） Through （ C） With （ D） Under （ A） except （ B） nor （ C） or （ D） but Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers
20、 on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 The history of English is conventionally, if perhaps too neatly, divided into three periods usually called Old (or Anglo-Saxon) English, Middle English, and Modern English. The earliest period begins with the migration of certain Germanic tribes from the continent to Britain i
21、n the fifth century A. D, though no records of their language survive from before the seventh century, and it continues until the end of the seventh century or a bit later. By that time, Latin, Old Norse (the language of the Viking invaders), and especially the Anglo-Norman French of the dominant cl
22、ass after the Norman Conquest in 1066 had begun to have a substantial impact on the vocabulary, and the well-developed inflectional (词尾变化的 ) system that typifies the grammar of Old English had begun to break down. The period of Middle English extends roughly from the twelfth century through the fift
23、eenth. The influence of French (and Latin, often by way of French) upon the vocabulary continued throughout the period, the loss of some inflections and the reduction of others accelerated, and many changes took place within the grammatical systems of the language. A typical prose passage, especiall
24、y one from the later part of the period, will not have such a foreign look to us as the prose of Old English, but it will not be mistaken for contemporary writing either. The period of Modern English extends from the sixteenth century to our own day. The early part of this period saw the completion
25、of a revolution in vowel distribution that had begun in late Middle English and that effectively brought the language to something resembling its present pattern. Other important early developments include the stabilizing effect on spelling of the printing press and the beginning of the direct influ
26、ence of Latin, and to a lesser extent, Greek on the vocabulary. Later, as English came into contact with other cultures around the world and distinctive dialects of English developed in the many areas which Britain, had colonized, numerous other languages made small but interesting contributions to
27、our word-stock. 41 The earliest written record of English available to us started_. （ A） from the seventh century （ B） from the fifth century （ C） from the twelfth century （ D） from the ninth century 42 What is the main feature of the grammar of Old English?_ （ A） The influence of Latin. （ B） A revo
28、lution in vowel distribution. （ C） A well-developed inflectional system. （ D） Loss of some inflections. 43 What can be inferred from the passage? _ （ A） Even an educated person can not read Old English without special training. （ B） A person who knows French well can understand Old English. （ C） An
29、educated person can understand Old English but can not pronounce it. （ D） A person can pronounce Old English words but cant understand them. 44 Which of the following is NOT mentioned? _ （ A） French. （ B） Latin. （ C） Greek. （ D） German. 45 What is the most remarkable characteristic of Modern English
30、? _ （ A） Numerous additions to its vocabulary. （ B） Completion of a revloution in vowel distribution. （ C） Gradual changes in its grammatical system. （ D） The direct influence of Latin. 45 A multinational corporation is a corporate enterprise, which though headquartered in one country, conducts its
31、operations through branches that it owns or controls around the world. The organizations, mostly based in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan, have become major actors on the international stage, for some of them are wealthier than many of the countries they operate in. The less developed c
32、ountries often welcome the multinationals because they are a source of investment and jobs. Yet their presence has its drawbacks, for these organizations soon develop immense political and economic influence in the host countries. Development becomes concentrated in a few industries that are oriente
33、d to the needs of the outsiders; profits are frequently exported rather than reinvested) and local benefits go mainly to a small ruling group whose interests are tied to those of the foreigners rather than to those of their own people. The effect is to further increase export dependency and to limit
34、 the less developed countries control of their own economies. It seems that both the modernization and world-system approaches may be valid in certain respects. The modernization model does help us make sense of the historical fact of industrialization and of the various internal adjustments that so
35、cieties undergo during this process. The world-system model reminds us that countries do not develop in isolation. They do so in a context of fierce international political and economic competition, a competition whose outcome favors the stronger parties. Today, the less developed countries are stru
36、ggling to achieve in the course of a few years the material advantages that the older industrialized nations have taken generations to gain. The result is often a tug-of-war between the forces of modernization and the sentiments of tradition, with serious social disturbance as the result. The respon
37、ses have taken many different forms: military overthrow by army officers determined to impose social order; fundamentalist religious movements urging a return to absolute moralities and certainties of the pasts nationalism as a new ideology to unite the people for the challenge of modernization. And
38、 sometimes social change takes place in a way that is not evolutionary, but revolutionary. 46 Why do the less developed countries welcome the multinationals? _ （ A） Because multinationals are more developed. （ B） Because multinationals bring investment and jobs. （ C） Because multinationals conduct t
39、heir operations through branches. （ D） Because multinationals are wealthier. 47 Which of the following is NOT the problems brought by multinationals? _ （ A） They limit the host countrys control of their own economies. （ B） Profits are frequently exported rather than reinvested. （ C） Various industri
40、es develop in the host country. （ D） They increase the host countrys export dependency. 48 Which of the following is most like to benefit from the fierce international political and economic competition? _ （ A） The host industries. （ B） The local people. （ C） Those stronger and richer countries. （ D
41、） The local ruling group. 49 What does the work “tug-of-war“ probably refer to? _ （ A） Serious social disorder. （ B） Military overthrow by army officers. （ C） Fierce international political and economic competition. （ D） Struggle between modernization and the sentiments of tradition. 50 What is the
42、root cause of serious social disturbance in less developed countries? _ （ A） Violent social change. （ B） Military overthrow. （ C） Nationalism. （ D） Fundamentalist religious movements. 50 In one very long sentence, the introduction to the U. N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of all
43、the people whose governments joined together to form the U.N. . “We the people of the U.N. determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war which twice in our lifetime has brought untold suffering to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of t
44、he human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations, large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards o
45、f life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practise tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force
46、shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all peoples, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims. “ The name “United Nations“ is accredited to U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt
47、, and the first group of representatives of member states met and signed a declaration of common intent on New Years Day in 1942. Representatives of five powers worked together to draw up proposals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944. These proposals, modified after deliberation at the conference o
48、n International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally agreed on and signed as the U. N. Charter by 50 countries on 26 June 1945. Poland, not represented at the conference, signed the Charter later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that au
49、tumn, however, after the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the U. S. S. R. , the U. K. and the U. S. and by a majority of the other participants that the U. N. officially came into existence. The date was 24 October, now universally celebrated as United Nations Day. The essential functions of the U. N. are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural
