1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 20及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twic
2、e. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 The one who is studying in Elizabeths class is _. 2 Whats wrong with Benjamin Jones? 3 The paper will be due by_. 4 Elizabeth will deliver a course on _ next semester. 5 How many books will students have to read in the course? PART B Directions:
3、For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 The tour guide is introducing the exhibit of_ pottery. 7 The Hohokam people used to live in what is now
4、_. 8 All of the pottery was made from _. 9 The pottery was made by the Hohokam people for purposes of either_ or_. 10 What is the typical color of the decoration of the pottery? PART C Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to r
5、ead each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What are the two seasonings used by most Americans? （ A） Salt and chil
6、i. （ B） Oregano and ketchup. （ C） Pepper and ketchup. （ D） Garlic and salt. 12 What do experts say about American diet? （ A） Americans eat too many vegetables. （ B） Americans should eat more beef. （ C） Fatty beef is good for us. （ D） Americans eat too much beef. 13 In what way is American food diffe
7、rent from food of other countries? （ A） American food is dull and tasteless. （ B） American food has few spices beside salt, pepper and ketchup. （ C） Americans have different kinds of food served at meals. （ D） Americans prefer well-seasoned beef. 14 Why was the parrot regarded as unique? （ A） It loo
8、ks like human being. （ B） It looks different from other birds. （ C） It could learn to say most of words. （ D） It could not imitate human speech. 15 The man was furious at the parrot because _. （ A） the parrot cannot say the word “Ketunnel“ （ B） the parrot wanted to kill its master （ C） the man found
9、 out that the parrot was stupid （ D） the parrot stayed with chickens 16 Why was he shocked at the scene the next morning? （ A） The parrot was killed by the chickens. （ B） The parrot was forcing the chickens to learn to say the word. （ C） The chickens are really cleverer than the parrot. （ D） The par
10、rot can scream. 17 What is the speaker mainly discussing? （ A） Traditional European architecture. （ B） Techniques for building log cabins. （ C） The history of log structures. （ D） How to build a home by yourself. 18 According to the speaker, what gives modem log homes their warm atmosphere? （ A） The
11、ir small size. （ B） Their rustic dirt floors. （ C） Their walls of rounded logs. （ D） Their sliding board windows. 19 Why did the early settlers use log for building homes? （ A） They liked the look of log homes. （ B） They had easy access to logs. （ C） They were unfamiliar with other building material
12、s, （ D） They wanted to break away from European traditions. 20 According to the speaker, why were log cabins especially popular with settlers who moved west? （ A） They could easily build the log houses themselves. （ B） They could construct the houses from kits. （ C） They liked the cozy atmosphere of
13、 the log interior, （ D） They wanted homes that could be transported. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 21 Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, sh
14、y and conservative person who is 【 21】 _ only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, 【 22】 _ embarrassed. You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to 【 23】 _ the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading t
15、heir newspapers or dozing in a comer; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive. 【 24】 _ , there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, 【 25】 _ broken, makes the offender immediately the object of 【 26】 _ . It has been known as a fact that a Bri
16、tish has a 【 27】 _ for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it 【 28】 _ . Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom 【 29】 _ forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and 【 30】 _ to everyone. This may be so. 【 31】 _ a British canno
17、t have much 【 32】 _ in the weathermen, who, alter promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong 【 33】_ a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate - or as inaccurate - as the weathermen in his 【 34】_ . F
18、oreigners may be surprised at the number of references 【 35】 _ weather that the British make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are 【 36】 _ by comments on the weather. “Nice day, isnt it?“ “Beautiful day!“ may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how
19、are you?“ 【 37】_ the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. 【 38】 _ he wants to start a conversation with a British but is 【 39】 _ to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a s
20、ale subject which will 【 40】 _ an answer from even the most reserved of the British. 21 【 21】 （ A） relaxed （ B） frustrated （ C） amused （ D） exhausted 22 【 22】 （ A） yet （ B） otherwise （ C） even （ D） so 23 【 23】 （ A） experience （ B） witness （ C） watch （ D） undergo 24 【 24】 （ A） Deliberately （ B） Conse
21、quently （ C） Frequently （ D） Apparently 25 【 25】 （ A） unless （ B） once （ C） while （ D） as 26 【 26】 （ A） suspicion （ B） opposition （ C） criticism （ D） praise 27 【 27】 （ A） emotion （ B） fancy （ C） likelihood （ D） judgement 28 【 28】 （ A） at length （ B） to a great extent （ C） from his heart （ D） by all
22、means 29 【 29】 （ A） follows （ B） predicts （ C） defies （ D） supports 30 【 30】 （ A） dedication （ B） compassion （ C） contemplation （ D） speculation 31 【 31】 （ A） Still （ B） Also （ C） Certainly （ D） Fundamentally 32 【 32】 （ A） faith （ B） reliance （ C） honor （ D） credit 33 【 33】 （ A） if （ B） once （ C） wh
23、en （ D） whereas 34 【 34】 （ A） propositions （ B） predictions （ C） approval （ D） defiance 35 【 35】 （ A） about （ B） on （ C） in （ D） to 36 【 36】 （ A） started （ B） conducted （ C） replaced （ D） proposed 37 【 37】 （ A） Since （ B） Although （ C） However （ D） Only if 38 【 38】 （ A） Even if （ B） Because （ C） If
24、（ D） For 39 【 39】 （ A） at a loss （ B） at last （ C） in group （ D） on the occasion 40 【 40】 （ A） stimulate （ B） constitute （ C） furnish （ D） provoke Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 41
25、 Environmental issues raise a host of difficult ethical questions, including the ancient one of the nature of intrinsic value. Whereas many philosophers in the past have agreed that human experiences have intrinsic value and the utilitarians at least have always accepted that the pleasures and pains
26、 of non-human animals are of some intrinsic significance, this does not show why it is so bad if dodos become extinct or a rainforest is cut down. Are these things to be regretted only because of the loss to humans or other sentient creatures.9 Or is there more to it. than that? Some philosophers ar
27、e now prepared to defend the view that trees, rivers, species (considered apart from the individual animals of which they consist), and perhaps ecological systems as a whole have a value independent of the instrumental value they may have for humans or other sentient creatures. Our concern for the e
28、nvironment also raises the question of our obligations to future generations. How much do we owe to the future? From a social contract view of ethics or for the ethical egoist, the answer would seem to be: nothing. For we can benefit them, but they are unable to reciprocate Most other ethical theori
29、es, however, do give weight to the interests of coming generations. Utilitarians, for one, would not think that the fact that members of future generations do not exist yet is any reason for giving less consideration to their interests than we give to our own. provided only that we are certain that
30、they will exist and will have interests that will be affected by what we do. In the case of. say, the storage of radioactive wastes, it seems clear that what we do will indeed affect the interests of generations to come. The question becomes much more complex, however, when we consider that we can a
31、ffect the size of future generations by the population policies we choose and the extent to which we encourage large or small families. Most environmentalists believe that the world is already dangerously over-crowded. This may well be so, but the notion of overpopulation conceals a philosophical is
32、sue that is ingeniously explored by Derek Parfit in Reasons and Persons (1984). What is optimum population? Is it that population size at which the average level of welfare will be as high as possible? Or is it the size at which the total amount of welfare the average multiplied by the number of peo
33、ple is as great as possible? Both answers lead to counter-intuitive outcomes, and the question remains one of the most baffling mysteries in applied ethics. 41 The first paragraph is mainly about _. （ A） the intrinsic value of human experiences （ B） the intrinsic value of the experiences of nonhuman
34、 animals （ C） the intrinsic value of ecological system as a whole （ D） an ancient ethical question about the nature of intrinsic value 42 We owe nothing to the future generations _. （ A） in the authors opinion （ B） from a social contract view of ethics （ C） for a utilitarian （ D） for most environmen
35、talists 43 Population policy we take should be considered _. （ A） positive （ B） negative （ C） complex （ D） reasonable 44 According to this passage, optimum population _. （ A） refers to the population size at which the average level of welfare will be as high as possible （ B） refers to the population
36、 size at which the total amount of welfare will be as great as possible （ C） is a difficult philosophical issue which remains to be resolved in the future （ D） is a difficult philosophical issue which Derek Parfit has successfully settled in Reasons and Persons 45 The proper title for this passage s
37、hould be _. （ A） A Mystery in Applied Ethics （ B） Our Obligations to Future Generations （ C） Environmental Ethics （ D） Environmental Issues 46 The universities have trained the intellectual pioneers of our civilization the priests, the lawyers, the statesmen, the doctors, the men of science, and the
38、 men of letters. The conduct of business now requires intellectual imagination of the same type as that which in former times has mainly passed into those other occupations. There is one great difficulty which hinders all the higher types of human effort. In modern times this difficulty has even inc
39、reased in its possibilities for evil. In any large organization the younger men, who are novices. must be set to jobs which consist in carrying out fixed duties in obedience to orders. No president of a large corporation meets his youngest employee at his office door with the offer of the most respo
40、nsible job which the work of that corporation includes. The young men are set to work at a fixed routine, and only occasionally even see the president as he passes in and out of the building. Such work is a great discipline. It imparts knowledge, and it produces reliability of character; also it is
41、the only work for which the young men, In that novice stage, are fit, and it is the work for which they are hired. There can be no criticism of the custom. but there may be an unfortunate effect: prolonged routine work dulls the imagination. The way in which a university should function in the prepa
42、ration for an intellectual career, is by promoting the imaginative consideration of the various general principles underlying that career. Its students thus pass tutu their period of technical apprenticeship with their imaginations already practiced in connecting details with general principles. Thu
43、s the proper function of a university is the imaginative acquisition of knowledge. Apart from this importance of the imagination, there is no reason why businessmen, and other professional men, should not pick up their facts bit by hit as they want them for particular occasions. A university is imag
44、inative or it is nothing at least nothing useful. 46 What is a basic requirement for work in all professions according to the passage? （ A） Imagination. （ B） Reliability of character. （ C） Discipline. （ D） Obedience to orders, 47 Which of the following serves best as the title of the passage? （ A） L
45、imitations of the University. （ B） The Proper Function of the University. （ C） Importance of Intellectual Imagination. （ D） Foolery of Apprenticeship Period. 48 In modern times the period of technical apprenticeship _. （ A） may have bad effects upon the young men （ B） can very well train the young m
46、en （ C） is a root cause of many evils （ D） is unnecessary for the employees and the business 49 If a university is to be of any use, it should prepare the students for an intellectual career by _. （ A） imparting knowledge and developing skills （ B） developing students independence in thinking （ C） d
47、isciplining the students in their subject fields （ D） promoting the imagination in connecting details with general principles 50 What does the “great difficulty which hinders all the higher types of human effort“ mean? （ A） Prolonged and fixed routine work in the apprenticeship period. （ B） The youn
48、g employees seldom seeing the president of the company. （ C） Universities failure to get young people ready for future work. （ D） Young men having to obey orders in the early stage of their work. 51 On 5th December, 1945; five bombers from a United States Naval Air Station left Fort Lauderdale, Flor
49、ida, on a routine training flight over the Atlantic Ocean, east of Florida. A short time later the base received radio messages from the bombers (Flight 19) ,saying that they were lost. Then radio contact was broken The flight did not return, and the planes that were sent to look for the bombers also failed to return. A massive search operation was mounted, but no trace of the missing planes
