1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 213及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What major did Ms. Kophal got when she graduated from the University of Rostock last year? _ （ A） Medical science. （ B） Political science. （ C） Biology. （ D） Production management. 12 What is the national average percent of unemployment?_ （ A） 9 percent. （ B） 12 percent. （ C） 1
5、6 percent. （ D） 18 percent. 13 What are the two classic jobs that people will take in Rostock, besides working at McDonalds? _ （ A） Becoming a physicist. （ B） Becoming a school teacher. （ C） Becoming a taxi driver. （ D） Becoming a magazine production manager. 14 What is Freuds contributions to psych
6、ology? （ A） Human personality （ B） His conscious theory （ C） His free will （ D） Personality theory 15 What did Freud think about one of his patients remarks “Ill pay you later, Dr. Freud. “? （ A） He was joking with Freud. （ B） He played in Freuds office. （ C） He unconsciously revealed his intention
7、of refusing to pay. （ D） He only made his empty promise to Freud. 16 What was Freud primarily interested in? （ A） Money （ B） Jewish independence （ C） University setting （ D） Theory 17 Mark Twains letter about the Statue of Liberty_. （ A） represented a serious question as to the need for the statue （
8、 B） was a put-on by a journalist （ C） raised a great deal of money （ D） poked fun at the French 18 How many years elapsed from the conception of the statue until its completion? （ A） 11 years. （ B） 16 years. （ C） 26 years. （ D） 21 years 19 French engineering genius is seen in the Statue of Liberty i
9、n_. （ A） design of its base （ B） design of its stressed sheathing （ C） locating the statue without disrupting harbor traffic （ D） keeping the flame lit 20 The Statue of Libertys development embarrassed Americans in the 1880s because （ A） they took so long to raise the money （ B） it was apparent the
10、statue was mislocated （ C） its design was tasteless （ D） they felt that the concept was a waste of money 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Comparisons were drawn betw
11、een the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21 As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and th
12、e book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not every
13、one sees that process in 28 It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, 29 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32 . A
14、s time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal“ too, as well as 33 , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36 . It was within the computer age that
15、the term “information society“ began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 view about its economic, political, social and cultural implicati
16、ons. “Benefits“ have been weighed 40 “harmful“ outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult. （ A） between （ B） before （ C） since （ D） later （ A） after （ B） by （ C） during （ D） until （ A） means （ B） method （ C） medium （ D） measure （ A） process （ B） company （ C） light （ D） form （ A） gathered （
17、B） speeded （ C） worked （ D） picked （ A） on （ B） out （ C） over （ D） off （ A） of （ B） for （ C） beyond （ D） into （ A） concept （ B） dimension （ C） effect （ D） perspective （ A） indeed （ B） hence （ C） however （ D） therefore （ A） brought （ B） followed （ C） stimulated （ D） characterized （ A） unless （ B） sin
18、ce （ C） lest （ D） although （ A） apparent （ B） desirable （ C） negative （ D） plausible （ A） institutional （ B） universal （ C） fundamental （ D） instrumental （ A） ability （ B） capability （ C） capacity （ D） faculty （ A） by means of （ B） in terms of （ C） with regard to （ D） in line with （ A） deeper （ B） f
19、ewer （ C） nearer （ D） smaller （ A） context （ B） range （ C） scope （ D） territory （ A） regarded （ B） impressed （ C） influenced （ D） effected （ A） competitive （ B） controversial （ C） distracting （ D） irrational （ A） above （ B） upon （ C） against （ D） with Part B Directions: Read the following four texts
20、. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 Every second in the United States alone, more than 250 animals are slaughtered for food, adding up to more than 8 billion animals each year. Reducing the amount of meat in ones diet is nutrition
21、ally, environmentally, and ethically beneficial. People who eat meat usually have weaker immune systems compared to those of vegetarians. Meat has been directly linked to diabetes, obesity, arthritis, and many other illnesses. Furthermore, meat-eaters are at a higher risk for diseases, including can
22、cer, and they are more likely to die from these diseases. Critics say that a meatless diet does not provide e-nough nutrients, especially protein and iron. Actually, according to “A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian“, by Judy Krizmanic, protein is found in almost every food, and iron appears in many v
23、egetables. Getting enough nutrients in a meat-reduced diet should not be difficult. A 1988 study found that some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat and eggs. Diets including more fruits and vegetables will only make people healthier. Some skeptics believe that there will be a shortage
24、of food if animals are not eaten. In fact, the opposite is true. More than 80% of the corn and 95% of the oats grown in the U. S. are fed to livestock. The worlds cattle alone consume enough food to equal the caloric needs of 8. 7 billion people, more than the entire human population. One half of th
25、e water used in the Unites States also goes to livestock; 250 gallons of water produces only 1 lb. of beef. If people eat less meat and more plants, the amount of available food will increase. Many people become vegetarians because they feel that eating animals is unethical. 90% of these animals are
26、 raised in confinement. Chickens and other birds have only about half a square foot of space each, and since they are raised so close together, a lot blade is used to cut off their beaks to prevent them from pecking each other to death. Likewise, pigs that are repressed will bite each others tails,
27、so both their teeth and tails are removed as soon as they are born. Eating animals is hazardous in numerous ways. Even a slight reduction in meat intake is better than nothing at all. Consuming less meat is beneficial to the health of animals, the health of people, and the health of the world. 41 Wh
28、y do some people become vegetarians? （ A） They feel that eating animals is unethical. （ B） There are fewer livestock available due to the environmental pollution. （ C） The consumption of meat will lead to financial problem. （ D） Being a vegetarian is beneficial to the protection of water. 42 Which o
29、f the following statements is true according to the book “A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian“? （ A） Some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat and eggs. （ B） A meatless diet does not provide enough nutrients. （ C） Protein can be found in almost every food. （ D） More than 80% of the corn in
30、 the U. S. are fed to livestock. 43 Why does the author say reducing the amount of meat in ones diet is environmentally beneficial? （ A） People who eat meat usually have weaker immune systems compared to those of vegetarians. （ B） A lot of food and water are consumed in order to raise livestock. （ C
31、） 90% of animals are raised in confinement. （ D） Raising Animals causes most of the destruction of the nature. 44 What is the attitude the author has toward eating meat? （ A） Positive. （ B） Negative. （ C） Indifferent. （ D） None of the above. 45 Which of the following can be the best title of the pas
32、sage? （ A） The Advantage of Eating Less Meat. （ B） Why People Become Vegetarian? （ C） Environmental Protection and Meatless Diet. （ D） Save Chickens, Save Birds. 45 The history of English is conventionally, if perhaps too neatly, divided into three periods usually called Old (or Anglo-Saxon) English
33、, Middle English, and Modern English. The earliest period begins with the migration of certain Germanic tribes from the continent to Britain in the fifth century A. D, though no records of their language survive from before the seventh century, and it continues until the end of the seventh century o
34、r a bit later. By that time, Latin, Old Norse (the language of the Viking invaders), and especially the Anglo-Norman French of the dominant class after the Norman Conquest in 1066 had begun to have a substantial impact on the vocabulary, and the well-developed inflectional (词尾变化的 ) system that typif
35、ies the grammar of Old English had begun to break down. The period of Middle English extends roughly from the twelfth century through the fifteenth. The influence of French (and Latin, often by way of French) upon the vocabulary continued throughout the period, the loss of some inflections and the r
36、eduction of others accelerated, and many changes took place within the grammatical systems of the language. A typical prose passage, especially one from the later part of the period, will not have such a foreign look to us as the prose of Old English, but it will not be mistaken for contemporary wri
37、ting either. The period of Modern English extends from the sixteenth century to our own day. The early part of this period saw the completion of a revolution in vowel distribution that had begun in late Middle English and that effectively brought the language to something resembling its present patt
38、ern. Other important early developments include the stabilizing effect on spelling of the printing press and the beginning of the direct influence of Latin, and to a lesser extent, Greek on the vocabulary. Later, as English came into contact with other cultures around the world and distinctive diale
39、cts of English developed in the many areas which Britain, had colonized, numerous other languages made small but interesting contributions to our word-stock. 46 The earliest written record of English available to us started_. （ A） from the seventh century （ B） from the fifth century （ C） from the tw
40、elfth century （ D） from the ninth century 47 What is the main feature of the grammar of Old English?_ （ A） The influence of Latin. （ B） A revolution in vowel distribution. （ C） A well-developed inflectional system. （ D） Loss of some inflections. 48 What can be inferred from the passage? _ （ A） Even
41、an educated person can not read Old English without special training. （ B） A person who knows French well can understand Old English. （ C） An educated person can understand Old English but can not pronounce it. （ D） A person can pronounce Old English words but cant understand them. 49 Which of the f
42、ollowing is NOT mentioned? _ （ A） French. （ B） Latin. （ C） Greek. （ D） German. 50 What is the most remarkable characteristic of Modern English? _ （ A） Numerous additions to its vocabulary. （ B） Completion of a revloution in vowel distribution. （ C） Gradual changes in its grammatical system. （ D） The
43、 direct influence of Latin. 50 How efficient is our system of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we ask of it convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent? It is often said that the British trail system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawyers on each s
44、ide are so engrossed in playing hard to win, challenging each other and the judge on technical points, that the object of finding out the truth is almost forgotten. All the effort is concentrated on the big day, on the dramatic cross examination of the key witnesses in front of the jury. Critics lik
45、e to compare our “adversarial“ system (resembling two adversaries engaged in a contest) with the continental “inquisitorial“ system, under which the judge plays a more important inquiring role. In early times, in the Middle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial by
46、 “ordeal“ especially a religious event was the main way of testing guilt or innocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the continent church-trained legal officials took over the function of both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were largely left t
47、o lay people, the Justice of the Peace and the jurymen who were illiterate and this meant that all the evidence had to be put to them orally. This historical accident dominates procedure even today, with all evidence being given in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day. On the other hand, i
48、n France for instance, all the evidence is written before the trial under supervision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramaticj much of it is just a public checking of the written records already gathered. The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barr
49、el and enshrined it in their constitution. But, while the basic features of our systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the U. S. A. has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, American lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs. In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudiced are empanelled. Secondl
