1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 217及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 At least, how many years will People who are overweight at 40 lose? （ A） One year （ B） Two years （ C） Three years （ D） Four years 12 According to Dr. Serge Jabbour, what message does the study carry? （ A） People have to work early on their weight （ B） Overweight people have sho
5、rter life expectancies （ C） Smoking is damaging to life expectancy （ D） If people are overweight by their mid-30s to mid-40s, if they lose some weight later on, they will carry a lower risk of dying 13 The researchers said “ . which shows another potentially preventable public health disaster. “ Wha
6、t does “another potentially preventable public health disaster“ here refer to? （ A） Smoking （ B） Obesity in young adults （ C） Drinking （ D） Obesity in elderly adults 14 How many flu deaths a year in the 1990s? （ A） 20,000 （ B） 26,000 （ C） 30,000 （ D） 36,000 15 Dr. Fukuda and his colleagues reported
7、that the virus was especially deadly in people over （ A） 55 （ B） 65 （ C） 75 （ D） 85 16 According to the report, which of the following sentences is true? （ A） The only method of preventing the disease is to get flu vaccines. （ B） Dr. Morens was optimistic about the immediate future. （ C） As many as
8、87 percent of the 11,000 people who died from R. S. V. each year were 65 and older. （ D） The vaccine, which is made from a killed virus, can give people the flu. 17 Procrastinators have many problems, except that_. （ A） they get more cold and flu symptoms （ B） they sleep more （ C） they smoke and dri
9、nk more （ D） they have more digestive problems 18 Which of the following sentences about Timothy A. Pychyl is NOT true? （ A） He is one of the Procrastination Research Group. （ B） He is a psychologist. （ C） He is a teacher in Carleton University in Ottawa. （ D） He is the co-author of the study. 19 Wh
10、at is the root of the problem? （ A） Something has to do with genes. （ B） Sleeping far less that they need. （ C） Drinking more than they have intended. （ D） An inability to regulate behavior and control impulses. 20 Here are some favorite excuses for academic tardiness, except_. （ A） computer failure
11、 （ B） leaving a paper at home （ C） losing a hand-held organizer （ D） the death of a grandmother 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Comparisons were drawn between the d
12、evelopment of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21 As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book an
13、d in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees
14、that process in 28 It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, 29 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32 . As time we
15、nt by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal“ too, as well as 33 , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36 . It was within the computer age that the term
16、“information society“ began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Ben
17、efits“ have been weighed 40 “harmful“ outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult. （ A） between （ B） before （ C） since （ D） later （ A） after （ B） by （ C） during （ D） until （ A） means （ B） method （ C） medium （ D） measure （ A） process （ B） company （ C） light （ D） form （ A） gathered （ B） speede
18、d （ C） worked （ D） picked （ A） on （ B） out （ C） over （ D） off （ A） of （ B） for （ C） beyond （ D） into （ A） concept （ B） dimension （ C） effect （ D） perspective （ A） indeed （ B） hence （ C） however （ D） therefore （ A） brought （ B） followed （ C） stimulated （ D） characterized （ A） unless （ B） since （ C） l
19、est （ D） although （ A） apparent （ B） desirable （ C） negative （ D） plausible （ A） institutional （ B） universal （ C） fundamental （ D） instrumental （ A） ability （ B） capability （ C） capacity （ D） faculty （ A） by means of （ B） in terms of （ C） with regard to （ D） in line with （ A） deeper （ B） fewer （ C）
20、 nearer （ D） smaller （ A） context （ B） range （ C） scope （ D） territory （ A） regarded （ B） impressed （ C） influenced （ D） effected （ A） competitive （ B） controversial （ C） distracting （ D） irrational （ A） above （ B） upon （ C） against （ D） with Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer
21、the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to
22、find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an em
23、ployer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming
24、to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became
25、widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Late
26、r, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and places in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became custom
27、ary for the husband to go out paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping
28、 many people to manage without full-time jobs. 41 What idea did the author derive from the recent opinion polls? （ A） New jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figures. （ B） Available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the population. （ C） The present high
29、unemployment figures are a fact of life. （ D） Jobs available must be distributed among more people. 42 The passage suggests that we should now re-examine our thinking about work and （ A） be prepared to fill in time by taking up housework （ B） set up smaller private enterprises so that we in turn can
30、 employ others （ C） create more factories in order to increase our productivity （ D） be prepared to admit that being employed is not the only kind of work 43 The passage tells us that the arrival of the industrial age meant that_. （ A） economic freedom came within everyones reach （ B） patterns of wo
31、rk were fundamentally changed （ C） to survive, everyone had to find a job （ D） universal employment guaranteed prosperity 44 As a result of the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries,_. （ A） people were not adequately compensated for the loss of their land （ B） people were no longer legally entit
32、led to reclaim land （ C） people were badly paid for the work they managed to find （ D） people were forced to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselves 45 According to the passage, which of the following is true? （ A） People should start to support themselves by learning a practical skill. （
33、B） The creation of jobs for all is an impossibility. （ C） We should help people to get full-time jobs. （ D） We must make every effort to solve the problem of unemployment. 45 The question of whether war is inevitable is one, which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering th
34、is question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something, which is in inadequate supply. C
35、ompetitors may not be a-ware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function is the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the pr
36、ocess by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occ
37、ur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the strug-gle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not confl
38、ict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starv
39、e to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among n
40、ations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, i
41、t cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is. 46 In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to_. （ A） argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societies （ B） smooth out the conflicts in human so
42、cieties （ C） distinguish between two kinds of opposition （ D） summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation 47 According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that_. （ A） it results in war in most cases （ B） it induces efforts to expand territory （ C） it is a kind
43、 of opposition among social entities （ D） it is essentially a struggle for existence 48 The phrase “function in the disservice of one another“ (Para. 1) most probably means_. （ A） betray each other （ B） harm one another （ C） help to collaborate with each other （ D） benefit one another 49 The author
44、indicates in the passage that conflict_. （ A） is an inevitable struggle resulting from competition （ B） reflects the struggle among social animals （ C） is an opposition among individual social entities （ D） can be avoided 50 The passage is probably intended to answer the question “_“. （ A） Is war in
45、evitable? （ B） Why is there conflict and competition? （ C） Is conflict desirable? （ D） Can competition lead to conflict? 50 A multinational corporation is a corporate enterprise, which though headquartered in one country, conducts its operations through branches that it owns or controls around the w
46、orld. The organizations, mostly based in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan, have become major actors on the international stage, for some of them are wealthier than many of the countries they operate in. The less developed countries often welcome the multinationals because they are a sour
47、ce of investment and jobs. Yet their presence has its drawbacks, for these organizations soon develop immense political and economic influence in the host countries. Development becomes concentrated in a few industries that are oriented to the needs of the outsiders; profits are frequently exported
48、rather than reinvested) and local benefits go mainly to a small ruling group whose interests are tied to those of the foreigners rather than to those of their own people. The effect is to further increase export dependency and to limit the less developed countries control of their own economies. It
49、seems that both the modernization and world-system approaches may be valid in certain respects. The modernization model does help us make sense of the historical fact of industrialization and of the various internal adjustments that societies undergo during this process. The world-system model reminds us that countries do not develop in isolation. They do so in a context of fierce international political and economic competition, a competition whose outcome favors the stronger parties. Today, the less developed countries are strugg
