1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 22 及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 In a sudden and unexpected dev
3、elopment, the Dow-Jones Index fell by _ 7 Among other deeper masons for the fall is a belief that next weeks American trade figures _ 8 On October 19th last year, prices on the New York stock exchange suffered their _ 9 The commission has made numberous proposals to regulate_ 10 The commission also
4、wants a new high-level body to control America_ PART C Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you
5、 will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE. 11 How long did Emily Dickinson live in the house where she was born? （ A） Almost all her life. （ B） Less than half her life. （ C） Until 1830. （ D） Before 1872. 12 Which of the following is TRUE of Emily
6、 Dickinson? （ A） She was not a productive poet. （ B） She saw many of her poems published. （ C） She was not a sociable person. （ D） She had contact only with a few poets. 13 When was Emily Dickinson widely recognized? （ A） After Henry James referred highly to her. （ B） After seven of her poems were p
7、ublished. （ C） After her poems became known to others. （ D） After she was dead for many years. 14 What is the woman doing when the man interrupts her? （ A） Taping some music. （ B） Watching a film. （ C） Making a video recording. （ D） Writing a letter. 15 Why is the woman so excited? （ A） She is going
8、 to study in another country. （ B） She received a letter from a Japanese friend. （ C） She just returned from a trip to Japan. （ D） She got a job at a travel agency. 16 Why does the woman feel grateful to Professer Mercheno? （ A） He helped her get into the program. （ B） He recorded some tapes especia
9、lly for her. （ C） He gave her a good grade in her Japanese class. （ D） He told her about an interesting movie to watch. 17 Why are we far from satisfied with our basic needs? （ A） Because we should save extra money for future expenditure. （ B） Because we have other wants in addition to our basic nee
10、ds. （ C） Because we all enjoy reading books. （ D） Because man is never satisfied even if he has everything he wants. 18 What can be inferred from the passage? （ A） We should be satisfied with our life. （ B） We should develop good habits. （ C） A reliable income makes the satisfactory standard, of liv
11、ing possible. （ D） To provide for future expenditure is wise. 19 “Shelter“ refers to （ A） safe. （ B） shell. （ C） house. （ D） income. 20 “Expenditure“ means （ A） exercise. （ B） expense. （ C） style. （ D） cost. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the be
12、st word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Man has been storing up useful knowledge about himself and the universe at the rate which has been spiraling upward for 10,000 years. The 【 21】 _ took a sharp upward leap with the invention of writing, but even 【 22】_ it rem
13、ained painfully slow for several centuries. The next great leap forward 【 23】 _ knowledge acquisition did not occur 【 24】 _ the invention of movable type in the 15th century by Gutenberg and others. 【 25】 _ to 1500, by the most optimistic 【 26】 _ Europe was producing books at a rate of 1000 titles p
14、er year. This means that it 【 27】 _ a full century to produce a library of 100,000 titles. By 1950, four and a half 【 28】 _ later, the rate had accelerated so sharply that Europe was producing 120,000 titles a year. 【 29】 _ once took a century now took only ten months. By 1960, a 【 30】 _ decade late
15、r, the rate had made another significant jump, 【 31】 _ a centurys work could be finished in seven and a half months. 【 32】 _ , by the mid-sixties, the output of books on a world 【 33】 _ , Europe included, approached the prodigious figure of 900 titles per day. One can 【 34】 _ argue that every book i
16、s a net gain for the advancement of knowledge. Nevertheless we find that the accelerative 【 35】 _ in book publication does, in fact, crudely 【 36】 _ the rate at which man discovered new knowledge. For example, prior to Gutenberg 【 37】 _ 11 chemical elements were known. Antimony the 12th, was discove
17、red 【 38】 _ about the time he was working on his invention. It was fully 200 years since the 11th, arsenic, had been discovered. 【 39】 _ the same rate of discovery continued, we would by now have added only two or three additional elements to the periodic table since Gutenberg. 【 40】 _ , in the 450
18、years after his time, certain people discovered some seventy additional elements. And since 1900 we have been isolating the remaining elements not at a rate of one every two centuries, but of one every three years. 21 【 21】 （ A） accumulation （ B） development （ C） knowledge （ D） rate 22 【 22】 （ A） so
19、 （ B） if （ C） then （ D） when 23 【 23】 （ A） to （ B） by （ C） from （ D） in 24 【 24】 （ A） until （ B） since （ C） when （ D） before 25 【 25】 （ A） As （ B） Due （ C） Prior （ D） Next 26 【 26】 （ A） examples （ B） estimates （ C） evidence （ D） evaluation 27 【 27】 （ A） would take （ B） had taken （ C） was taking （ D）
20、 would have taken 28 【 28】 （ A） decades （ B） centuries （ C） dozens （ D） years 29 【 29】 （ A） This （ B） These （ C） It （ D） What 30 【 30】 （ A） plain （ B） historic （ C） single （ D） eventful 31 【 31】 （ A） now that （ B） so that （ C） as （ D） when 32 【 32】 （ A） However （ B） But （ C） And （ D） Therefore 33 【
21、33】 （ A） scope （ B） sphere （ C） scale （ D） stretch 34 【 34】 （ A） therefore （ B） hardly （ C） accordingly （ D） therefore 35 【 35】 （ A） line （ B） circle （ C） diagram （ D） curve 36 【 36】 （ A） fit （ B） like （ C） resemble （ D） parallel 37 【 37】 （ A） about （ B） only （ C） more than （ D） less than 38 【 38】 （
22、 A） in （ B） at （ C） on （ D） for 39 【 39】 （ A） As （ B） Had （ C） If （ D） With 40 【 40】 （ A） In addition （ B） In turn （ C） Instead （ D） In particular Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40
23、 When the vote was finally taken, it was 3:45 in the morning. After six months of arguing and a final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the fives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The m
24、easure was passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10.Almost at the same time word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on through the groups on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We po
25、sted bulletins all day long, because of course this isnt just something that happened in Australia. Its world history.“ The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications
26、. Some have breathed sighs of relief; others ,including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australiawhere an aging population, life-extending technology and changing
27、 community attitudes have all played their part other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the America and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling. Under the new Northern Territory
28、 law, an adult patient can request death probably by a deadly injection or pill to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off“ period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. 48 hours later, the wish for death ca
29、n be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “Im not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of vi
30、ew, but what I was afraid of was how Id go, because Ive watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks.“ he says. 41 From the second paragraph we learn that （ A） the objection to euthanasia is diminishing in some countries. （ B） physicians and citizens have the sam
31、e view on euthanasia. （ C） technological changes are chiefly responsible for the new law. （ D） it takes time to appreciate the significance of laws passed. 42 By saying that “observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling“, the author means that （ A） observers are taking a wait-and-see atti
32、tude towards the future of euthanasia. （ B） there is a possibility of similar bills being passed in the U.S. and Canada. （ C） observers are waiting to see the movement end up in failure. （ D） the process of the bill taking effect may finally come to a stop. 43 When Lloyd Nickson is close to death, h
33、e will （ A） undergo a cooling off period of seven days. （ B） experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient. （ C） have an intense fear of terrible suffering. （ D） face his death with the calm characteristic of euthanasia. 44 What is the authors attitude towards euthanasia? （ A） Hostile. （ B） Susp
34、icious. （ C） Approving. （ D） Indifferent. 45 We can infer from the text that the author believes the success of the right-to-die movement is （ A） only a matter of time. （ B） far from certain. （ C） just an illusion. （ D） a shattered hope. 45 Decision-making is a complex business subject which combine
35、s the most complicated elements of the operational and theoretical aspects of management. The ability to use the decision-making process is often determined by environmental factors rather than the steps in some “idealmode1 Decisions are frequently influenced more by the environment and structure of
36、 the organization than by the method itself. The process of decision-making will, therefore, be examined in light of environmental factors. One of these factorssocial and cultural background affects the interaction among people involved in the decision-making process and provides the cultural framew
37、ork within which they may comfortably operate. The best alternative for solving a problem, for example, might be to replace an employee who is unsuitable for a position. However, if in the societys culture there is a tradition of lifetime employment with one company, that alternative is not really f
38、easible because of social and cultural restrictions. With regard to the structure of an organization, there are numerous factors that may alter the “ideal“ decision-making process. The amount of flexibility within an organization and the available resources (such as facilities, technology, or fiscal
39、 reserves)are often controlling factors. The amount of data avail- able may also limit the range of alternatives that can be considered. Another organizational factor is the importance of the decision being made related to other problems and responsibilities of management. The relative importance of
40、 one decision is weighed against the amount of effort involved in finding a solution and the benefit the company will receive from its implementation. Three other factors also influence the following of a model decision process: time, creativity, and risk. The amount of time available to make a deci
41、sion for a given problem is often determined by the environment, not the management. The time factor may affect the creativity of the solution to a problem. The risk related to a particular course of action may be lessened by use of a group rather than an individual decision-maker. Time, resources,
42、and culture may affect the work ability of a group process, although research shows that groups often come up with better solutions than individuals. Decision theory and the “ideal“ decision-making model tend to picture the process as one in which managers operate by themselves, free of restrictions
43、 of time, data, and resources. The reality of the decision process is much less a step-by-step procedure than it is a series of practical considerations directly influenced by the social, cultural, and organizational environment. 46 The decision-making process is often influenced by （ A） the operati
44、onal aspects of management. （ B） the theoretical aspects of management. （ C） the environment and structure of the organization. （ D） the method of decision-making itself. 47 The social and cultural background can affect （ A） the interaction among people involved in the decision. （ B） the cultural fr
45、amework. （ C） the traditional life-time employment. （ D） the social and cultural restriction. 48 Which of the following is the least important factor that may alter the ideal decision-making process? （ A） The amount of flexibility within an organization. （ B） The control of data available. （ C） The
46、amount of technical training the company can offer. （ D） The abundance of resources. 49 Which of the following is TRUE according to the article? （ A） The amount of time available is usually decided by management in decision-making. （ B） Individual decision-maker may lessen the risk of decision-makin
47、g than group. （ C） The reality of decision process concerns without time. （ D） Decision theory is not thoroughly suitable to the reality. 50 Groups of experts often come up with （ A） better solutions than individuals. （ B） worse solutions than individuals. （ C） no solution at all. （ D） a lot of solu
48、tions. 50 Mans puzzlement and preoccupation with time both derive ultimately from his unique relationship to it. All animals exist in time and are changed by it; only man can control it. Like Proust, the French author whose experiences became his literary capital, man can recapture the past. He can
49、also summon up things to come, displaying imagination and foresight along with memory. It really can be argued, that memory and foresightedness are the essence of intelligence; that mans ability to manipulate time, to employ both past and future as guides to present action, is what makes him human. To be sure, many animals can react to time after a f
