1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 235及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 According to the passage, the average I. Q. is_. （ A） 85 （ B） 100 （ C） 110 （ D） 125 12 This passage suggests that an individuals I. Q. _. （ A） can be predicted at birth （ B） stays the same throughout his life （ C） can be increased by education （ D） is determined by his childhoo
5、d 13 The best statement of the main idea of the passage is that_. （ A） human brains differ considerably （ B） the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence （ C） environment is crucial in determining a persons intelligence （ D） persons having identical brains will have r
6、oughly the same intelligence 14 What is the target group for this years “No Tobacco Day“? （ A） Children under 16 （ B） Men between 20 and 33 years old （ C） Women （ D） Old people with serious diseases 15 What is. the recent important development observed in developing countries? （ A） The number of smo
7、kers has been falling about 2 percent a year. （ B） The number of smokers has been rising 20 percent a year. （ C） The number of smokers has been rising 2 percent a year. （ D） The number of smokers has been falling 20 percent a year. 16 What is the good of the World Health Organization? （ A） To set a
8、“smoke-free“ world （ B） To teach the people in developing countries a lesson （ C） To forbid farmers to grow tobacco （ D） To forbid smokers to buy tobacco products 17 What is Dr . Francis? _ （ A） A teacher of English in Cambridge. （ B） A specialist in computer science. （ C） A consultant to a Scottish
9、 company. （ D） A British tourist to China. 18 What is the approximate temperature in Cambridge in summer? _ （ A） 22C . （ B） 23C . （ C） 25C . （ D） 34C . 19 Where does Dr. Francis suggest Li Ming should stay in Cambridge? _ （ A） With an English family. （ B） In a flat near the college. （ C） With a lang
10、uage teacher. （ D） In a student dormitory. 20 What is the point Dr. Francis is making when he mentions Ali? _ （ A） Some things cannot be learned from books. （ B） Foreign students are very much alike. （ C） Choice of where to live varies from person to person. （ D） Convenience is his first considerati
11、on in choosing where to live. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: 21 it, it would not be possible to pay th
12、e soldiers and policemen who protect us; 22 the workers in government offices who 23 our health, our food, our water, and all 24 things that we can not do for ourselves. By 25 of taxation, we pay for things that we need as 26 as we need somewhere to live and something to eat. In most countries, a di
13、rect tax on persons, 27 is called income tax, exists. It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay 28 , and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayers 29 grows. In England, for example, the tax on the 30 people goes up as high as ninety-five percent! But countries with direct t
14、axation nearly always have 31 taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or “duties“. 32 , it is the men and women who buy the imported things in the shops who really 33 pay the duties, in the 34 of higher prices. In some countries, too, there is a tax 35 things sold in th
15、e shops. If the most necessaary things are taxed, a lot of money is collected, but the poor people suffer 36 . If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed, 37 is obtained,but the tax is fairer, as the 38 pay it. Probably this last kind of indirect tax, 39 with a direct on incomes which
16、 is low for the poor and high for the rich, is 40 arrangement. （ A） because of （ B） instead of （ C） with （ D） without （ A） so （ B） nor （ C） not （ D） all （ A） look after （ B） sympathize （ C） consider （ D） see （ A） other （ B） others （ C） the other （ D） many （ A） mean （ B） means （ C） a means （ D） the m
17、eans （ A） many （ B） well （ C） more （ D） much （ A） which （ B） what （ C） that （ D） it （ A） a lot （ B） most （ C） nothing （ D） more （ A） income （ B） population （ C） tax （ D） amount （ A） poor （ B） working （ C） rich （ D） richest （ A） no （ B） income （ C） indirect （ D） direct （ A） However （ B） So （ C） Of co
18、urse （ D） By chance （ A） have to （ B） will （ C） are willing to （ D） should （ A） way （ B） form （ C） name （ D） terms （ A） about （ B） on （ C） for （ D） form （ A） least （ B） highly （ C） less （ D） most （ A） less money （ B） more money （ C） fewer money （ D） most money （ A） people （ B） poor （ C） rich （ D） co
19、untry （ A） including （ B） along （ C） dealing （ D） and （ A） the best （ B） the worst （ C） good （ D） better Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 Every second in the United States alone,
20、more than 250 animals are slaughtered for food, adding up to more than 8 billion animals each year. Reducing the amount of meat in ones diet is nutritionally, environmentally, and ethically beneficial. People who eat meat usually have weaker immune systems compared to those of vegetarians. Meat has
21、been directly linked to diabetes, obesity, arthritis, and many other illnesses. Furthermore, meat-eaters are at a higher risk for diseases, including cancer, and they are more likely to die from these diseases. Critics say that a meatless diet does not provide e-nough nutrients, especially protein a
22、nd iron. Actually, according to “A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian“, by Judy Krizmanic, protein is found in almost every food, and iron appears in many vegetables. Getting enough nutrients in a meat-reduced diet should not be difficult. A 1988 study found that some of the highest pesticide residues
23、appear in meat and eggs. Diets including more fruits and vegetables will only make people healthier. Some skeptics believe that there will be a shortage of food if animals are not eaten. In fact, the opposite is true. More than 80% of the corn and 95% of the oats grown in the U. S. are fed to livest
24、ock. The worlds cattle alone consume enough food to equal the caloric needs of 8. 7 billion people, more than the entire human population. One half of the water used in the Unites States also goes to livestock; 250 gallons of water produces only 1 lb. of beef. If people eat less meat and more plants
25、, the amount of available food will increase. Many people become vegetarians because they feel that eating animals is unethical. 90% of these animals are raised in confinement. Chickens and other birds have only about half a square foot of space each, and since they are raised so close together, a l
26、ot blade is used to cut off their beaks to prevent them from pecking each other to death. Likewise, pigs that are repressed will bite each others tails, so both their teeth and tails are removed as soon as they are born. Eating animals is hazardous in numerous ways. Even a slight reduction in meat i
27、ntake is better than nothing at all. Consuming less meat is beneficial to the health of animals, the health of people, and the health of the world. 41 Why do some people become vegetarians? （ A） They feel that eating animals is unethical. （ B） There are fewer livestock available due to the environme
28、ntal pollution. （ C） The consumption of meat will lead to financial problem. （ D） Being a vegetarian is beneficial to the protection of water. 42 Which of the following statements is true according to the book “A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian“? （ A） Some of the highest pesticide residues appear in
29、 meat and eggs. （ B） A meatless diet does not provide enough nutrients. （ C） Protein can be found in almost every food. （ D） More than 80% of the corn in the U. S. are fed to livestock. 43 Why does the author say reducing the amount of meat in ones diet is environmentally beneficial? （ A） People who
30、 eat meat usually have weaker immune systems compared to those of vegetarians. （ B） A lot of food and water are consumed in order to raise livestock. （ C） 90% of animals are raised in confinement. （ D） Raising Animals causes most of the destruction of the nature. 44 What is the attitude the author h
31、as toward eating meat? （ A） Positive. （ B） Negative. （ C） Indifferent. （ D） None of the above. 45 Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? （ A） The Advantage of Eating Less Meat. （ B） Why People Become Vegetarian? （ C） Environmental Protection and Meatless Diet. （ D） Save Chicken
32、s, Save Birds. 45 Every culture attempts to create a “universe of discourse“ for its members, a way in which people can interpret their experience and convey it to one another. Without a common system of codifying sensations, life would be absurd and all efforts to share meanings would be doomed to
33、failure. This universe of discourse one of the most precious of all cultural legacies is transmitted to each generation in part consciously and in part unconsciously. Parents and teachers give explicit instruction in it by praising or criticizing certain ways of dressing, of thinking, of gesturing,
34、of responding to the acts of others. But the most significant aspects of any cultural code may be conveyed implicitly, not by rule or lesson but through modeling behavior. He child is surrounded by others who, through the mere consistency of their actions as males and females, mothers and fathers, s
35、alesclerks and policemen, display what is appropriate behavior. Thus the grammar of any culture is sent and received largely unconsciously, making ones own cultural assumptions and biases difficult to recognize. They seem so obviously right that they require no explanation. In The Open and Closed Mi
36、nd, Milton Rokeach poses the problem of cultural understanding in its simplest form, but one that can readily demonstrate the complication of communication between cultures. It is called the “Denny Doodlebyg Problem. “ Readers are given all the rules that govern this culture: Denny is an animal that
37、 always faces North, and can move only by jumping; he can jump large distances or small distances, but can change direction only after jumping four times in any direction; he can jump North, South, East or West, but not diagonally. Upon concluding a jump his master places some food three feet direct
38、ly West of him. Surveying the situation, Denny concludes he must jump four times to reach the food. No more or less. And he is right. All the reader has to do is to explain the circumstances that make his conclusion correct. The large majority of people who attempt this problem fail to solve it, des
39、pite the fact that they are given all the rules that control behavior in this culture. If there is difficulty in getting inside the simplistic world of Denny Doodlebug where the cultural code has already been broken and handed to us imagine the complexity of comprehending behavior in societies whose
40、 codes have to yet been deciphered. And where even those who obey these codes are only vaguely aware and can rarely describe the underlying sources of their own actions. 46 We acquire the greater part of our cultural codes by_. （ A） creating a universe of discourse （ B） imitating the behavior of oth
41、ers, especially those of the previous generation （ C） sharing the same experiences with other people （ D） taking in the various information were given with no discrimination 47 What does “the grammar of any culture“ refer to in the first paragraph? （ A） The grammatical rules in the language used by
42、the largest population in a culture. （ B） Rules in a culture that can be modeled on by another culture. （ C） Any rules that people in a culture receive throughout his life time. （ D） Rules and codes that shape ones cultural perspective and behavior. 48 By reading The Open and Closed Mind, we may_. （
43、 A） find a way of solving the Denny Doodlebug problem （ B） realize how little we know about the complexity of human behavior （ C） bring to light codes of some societies which we didnt know before （ D） be aware of the difficulties of communications between different cultures 49 It can be inferred fro
44、m the passage that_. （ A） in some societies, peoples behaviors are not governed by cultural codes （ B） there are still societies whose cultural codes still remain a mystery to us （ C） once people accept a cultural code, theyll have a full understanding of their behavior （ D） The Open and Closed Mind
45、 exerts great impact on peoples behavior 50 Which one of the following statements about cultural code is TRUE? （ A） People in the same society may be governed by different cultural codes. （ B） Cultural codes are passed on from one generation to another either in written form or in oral form or in bo
46、th. （ C） Cultural codes in different cultures may differ sharply from one another. （ D） The influence of cultural codes on an individual may decrease as he becomes older. 50 Humour, which ought to give rise to only the most light-hearted and gay feelings, can often stir up vehemence and animosity. E
47、vidently it is dearer to us than we realize. Men will take almost any kind of criticism except the observation that they have no sense of humour. A man will admit to being a coward or a liar or a thief or a poor mechanic or a bad swimmer, but tell him he has a dreadful sense of humour and you might
48、as well have slandered his mother. Even if he is civilized enough to pretend to make light of your statement, he will still secretly believe that he has not only a good sense of humour but is superior to most. He has, in other words, a completely blind spot on the subject. This is all the more surpr
49、ising when you consider that not one man in ten million can give you any kind of intelligent answer as to what humour is or why he laughs. One day when I was about twelve years old, it occurred to me to wonder about the phenomenon of laughter. At first I thought it is easy enough to see what I laugh at and why I am amused, but why at such times do I open my mouth and exhale in jerking gasps and wrinkle up my eyes and throw back my head and halloo like an animal? Why do I not instead rap four times on the top of
