1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 244及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What is Freuds contributions to psychology? （ A） Human personality （ B） His conscious theory （ C） His free will （ D） Personality theory 12 What did Freud think about one of his patients remarks “Ill pay you later, Dr. Freud. “? （ A） He was joking with Freud. （ B） He played in F
5、reuds office. （ C） He unconsciously revealed his intention of refusing to pay. （ D） He only made his empty promise to Freud. 13 What was Freud primarily interested in? （ A） Money （ B） Jewish independence （ C） University setting （ D） Theory 14 Main languages used for normal lessons at Pacific College
6、 are_. （ A） English （ B） French （ C） Spanish （ D） Both A and B 15 What is the fee for one year? （ A） $1200 （ B） $2400 （ C） $1500 （ D） $4200 16 Apart from academic ability, what should be considered when one applies for scholarship? （ A） Hobby （ B） Special activities （ C） Maturity （ D） Nationality 17
7、 Which word may best describe two speakers positions on intermarriage? （ A） Comparison （ B） Contrast （ C） Causality （ D） Bias 18 Why does marriage usually thrive concerning customs and traditions? （ A） On a give-and-take policy （ B） Beyond a give-and-take policy （ C） In the manner of each others ada
8、ptation （ D） Due to religious beliefs 19 The cultural differences arise_. （ A） at the wedding （ B） before intermarriage （ C） after people get married （ D） until recently 20 What negative effects may the intermarriage most probably cause? （ A） A quick divorce （ B） Cultural shock （ C） A big gap betwee
9、n parents and children （ D） Much suffering in childrens minds 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 During the 1980s, unemployment and underemployment in some countries w
10、as as high as 90 percent. Some countries did not 21 enough food; basic needs in housing and clothing were not 22 . Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed nations 23 solutions. 24 , problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized nations. Industry i
11、n the developed nations is highly automated and very 25 . It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly 26 workers are needed to 27 and repair the equipment. These workers must be trained, 28 many nations do not have the necessary training institutions. Thus, the 29 of
12、 importing industry becomes higher. Students must be sent abroad to 30 vocational and professional training. 31 , just to begin training ,the students must 32 learn English, French, German, or Japanese. The students then spend many years abroad, and 33 do not return home. All nations agree that scie
13、nce and technology 34 be shared. The point is: countries 35 the industrial processes of the developed nations need to look carefully 36 the costs, because many of these costs are 37 . Students from these nations should 38 the problems of the industrialized countries closely. 39 care, they will take
14、home not the problems of science and technology, 40 the benefits. （ A） generate （ B） raise （ C） produce （ D） manufacture （ A） answered （ B） met （ C） calculated （ D） remembered （ A） for （ B） without （ C） as （ D） about （ A） Moreover （ B） Therefore （ C） Anyway （ D） However （ A） expensive （ B） mechanica
15、l （ C） flourishing （ D） complicated （ A） gifted （ B） skilled （ C） trained （ D） versatile （ A） keep （ B） maintain （ C） retain （ D） protect （ A） sine （ B） so （ C） and （ D） yet （ A） charge （ B） price （ C） cost （ D） value （ A） accept （ B） gain （ C） receive （ D） absorb （ A） Frequently （ B） Incidentally （
16、 C） Deliberately （ D） Eventually （ A） soon （ B） quickly （ C） immediately （ D） first （ A） some （ B） others （ C） several （ D） few （ A） might （ B） should （ C） would （ D） will （ A） adopting （ B） conducting （ C） receiving （ D） adjusting （ A） to （ B） at （ C） on （ D） about （ A） opaque （ B） secret （ C） seal
17、ed （ D） hidden （ A） tackle （ B） learn （ C） study （ D） manipulate （ A） In （ B） Through （ C） With （ D） Under （ A） except （ B） nor （ C） or （ D） but Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 T
18、he question of whether war is inevitable is one, which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from com
19、petition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something, which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process
20、 by which social entities function is the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals
21、or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existe
22、nce among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition fo
23、r limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials
24、. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it i
25、s true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is. 41 In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order t
26、o_. （ A） argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societies （ B） smooth out the conflicts in human societies （ C） distinguish between two kinds of opposition （ D） summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation 42 According to the author, competition differs
27、from conflict in that_. （ A） it results in war in most cases （ B） it induces efforts to expand territory （ C） it is a kind of opposition among social entities （ D） it is essentially a struggle for existence 43 The phrase “function in the disservice of one another“ (Para. 1) most probably means （ A）
28、betray each other （ B） harm one another （ C） help to collaborate with each other （ D） benefit one another 44 The author indicates in the passage that conflict_. （ A） is an inevitable struggle resulting from competition （ B） reflects the struggle among social animals （ C） is an opposition among indiv
29、idual social entities （ D） can be avoided 45 The passage is probably intended to answer the question “_“ （ A） Is war inevitable? （ B） Why is there conflict and competition? （ C） Is conflict desirable? （ D） Can competition lead to conflict? 45 Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs,
30、belief and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist t
31、here is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages. People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped form of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by th
32、e study of “backward“ languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind the Western languages not in their
33、sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the mach
34、inery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward“ languages, while different from ours, are often surprisi
35、ngly numerous and complicated. A western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this“ and “that“); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or the person addressed, or remote from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in
36、the future. This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy. 46 The author uses “backward“ here to indicate that_. （ A） backward languages are connected with backward groups
37、 （ B） backward languages are connected with backward cultures （ C） backward languages are moving forward （ D） there is no such thing as backward languages 47 The example of American Indian languages in the passage is to illustrate that_. （ A） American Indian languages are not backward （ B） backward
38、languages are borrowing from other languages （ C） backward languages may possess quite complicated vocabularies （ D） Western languages may also borrow from “backward“ languages 48 According to the author, “backward“ languages tend to expand in_. （ A） grammatical structures （ B） vocabularies （ C） com
39、plication （ D） sound patterns 49 Judging from the passage, the author might be_. （ A） an American Indian （ B） a Canadian （ C） an African （ D） a Japanese 50 The best title for this passage is_. （ A） Criticism of Language Hierarchy （ B） Cultural Englitarian from the Perspectives of Language （ C） Expan
40、sion of “Backward“ Language （ D） Criticism of Language Hierarchy 50 For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sc
41、iences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure of theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfil the need to understand what i
42、s intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be man. The technical asp
43、ects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human. But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy
44、and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known exam
45、ple. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first man to study nature of electricity coul
46、d not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to i
47、gnorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly. 51 The most important advances made by mankind come from_. （ A） apparently useless information （ B） the natural sciences （ C） philosophy （ D）
48、 technical applications 52 The author does not include among the science the study of_. （ A） Astronomy （ B） Literature （ C） Chemistry （ D） Economics 53 In the paragraph that follows this passage, we may expect the author to discuss （ A） unforeseen discoveries （ B） philosophy （ C） the value of pure r
49、esearch （ D） the value of technical research 54 The author points out that the Greeks who study conic section_. （ A） were unaware of the value of their studies （ B） were mathematicians （ C） resigned （ D） were interested in navigation 55 The practical scientist_. （ A） is a philosopher （ B） is interested in the unknown （ C） knows the value of what he will discover （ D） knows that the world exists 55 Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and wha
