1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 248及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What major did Ms. Kophal got when she graduated from the University of Rostock last year? _ （ A） Medical science. （ B） Political science. （ C） Biology. （ D） Production management. 12 What is the national average percent of unemployment?_ （ A） 9 percent. （ B） 12 percent. （ C） 1
5、6 percent. （ D） 18 percent. 13 What are the two classic jobs that people will take in Rostock, besides working at McDonalds? _ （ A） Becoming a physicist. （ B） Becoming a school teacher. （ C） Becoming a taxi driver. （ D） Becoming a magazine production manager. 14 How long did Emily Dickinson live in
6、the house where she was born? _ （ A） Almost all her life. （ B） Less than half her life. （ C） Until 1830. （ D） Before 1872. 15 Which of the following is true of Emily Dickinson? _ （ A） She was not a productive poet. （ B） She saw many of her poems published. （ C） She was not a sociable person. （ D） Sh
7、e had contact only with a few poets. 16 When was Emily Dickinson widely recognized? _ （ A） after Henry James referred highly to her. （ B） after seven of her poems were punlished. （ C） after her poems became known to others. （ D） after she was dead for many years. 17 What is Canon Digital PowerShot s
8、230 cameras size? （ A） Similar to a credit card （ B） Similar to a necklace （ C） Similar to a cigarette box （ D） Similar to a dressing case 18 What are the target consumers of Digital PowerShot s230 camera? （ A） Young white-collar men （ B） Middle-aged white-collar men （ C） Young white-collar women （
9、D） Middle-aged white-collar women 19 There is an ad that shows a photo of a fashionable blonde sheathed in a clingy black dress, an ATM-card-size camera suspended like a necklace. Which Company takes this ad? （ A） Canon （ B） Sony （ C） Nokia （ D） Casio 20 According to the report, which of the followi
10、ng sentences is NOT true? （ A） Now manufacturers are seeking a combination of high-tech features and “cool“ design （ B） Those young white-collar women have not been the primary buyers of digital cameras （ C） Digital technology is still a novelty nowadays. （ D） The Canon Digital PowerShot s230 camera
11、 is introduced in September, 2002. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Even plants can run a fever, especially when they are under attack by insects or diseases. But 21
12、 humans, plants can have their temperature 22 from 3,000 feet away straight up. A decade ago, 23 the infrared(红外线的 )scanning technology developed for military purpose and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley 24 a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine 25 ones are under stress.
13、The goal was to let farmer 26 target pesticide spraying 27 rain poison on a whole field, which 28 include plants that dont have the pest problem. Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problem before they became 29 to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet 30
14、 , an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were 31 into a color-coded map showing 32 plants were running “fevers“. Farmers could then spot spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they 33 would. The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984, after only thr
15、ee years. Farmers 34 the new technology and long-term backers were hard 35 But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to 36 into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. “This technique can be used 37 75 perce
16、nt of agricultural land in the United States,“ says George Oerther of Texas A much of it is just a public checking of the written records already gathered. The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it in their constitution. But, while the basic features of our sys
17、tems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the U. S. A. has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, Americans lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beli
18、efs. In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudiced are empanelled. Secondly, there is no separate profession of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and defense lawyers who are to present cases in court prepare them
19、selves. They go out and visit the scene, track down and interview witnesses, and familiarize themselves personally with the background. In Britain it is the solicitor who prepares the case, and the barrister who appears in court is not even allowed to meet witness beforehand. British barristers also
20、 alternate doing both prosecution and defense work. Being kept distant from the preparation and regularly appearing for both sides, barristers are said to avoid becoming too personally involved, and can approach cases more dispassionately. American lawyers, however, often know their cases better. Re
21、formers rightly want to learn from other countries mistakes and successes. But what is clear is that justice systems, largely because they are the result of long historical growth, are peculiarly difficult to adapt piecemeal. 41 “British trial system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do
22、justice. “ It implies that_. （ A） the British legal system can do the basic job wellconvicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent （ B） the British legal system is worse than the continental legal system （ C） the British legal system is often considered to be not very fair （ D） the British legal
23、system is very efficient 42 Which of the following sentences is NOT true? （ A） Oral evidence was unnecessary in France because the judges and prosecutors could read. （ B） When trial by ordeal was finally abandoned throughout Europe, trial by jury was introduced in Britain. （ C） In the adversarial sy
24、stem, it is the lawyers who play the leading roles. （ D） Lawyers in Britain are prepared to lie in order to win their cases. 43 In Britain, newspapers_. （ A） do the same as American newspapers do （ B） are not interested in publishing details about the trial before it takes place （ C） are not allowed
25、 to publish details about the trial before it takes place （ D） are allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place 44 We can infer that American lawyers_. （ A） do not attempt to familiarize themselves with cases （ B） prepare the cases themselves （ C） tend to be more passionately inv
26、olved in their cases （ D） tend to approach cases dispassionately 45 The passage_. （ A） questions whether the system of trial by jury can ever be completely efficient （ B） suggests a number of reforms which should be made to the legal system of various countries （ C） describes how the British legal s
27、ystem works and compares it favourably with other systems （ D） compares the legal systems of a number of countries and discusses their advantages and disadvantages 45 The food you eat does more than provide energy. It can have a dramatic effect on your bodys ability to fight off heart disease, cance
28、r, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones. With remarkable consistency, recent research has found that a diet high in plant-based foodsfruits, vegetables, dried peas and beans, grains, and starchy staples such as potatoesis the bodys best weapon in thwarting many health-related proble
29、ms. These foods work against so many diseases that the same healthy ingredients you might use to protect your heart or ward off cancer will also benefit your intestinal tract and bones. Scientists have recently estimated that approximately 30 to 40 percent of all cancers could be averted if people a
30、te more fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods and minimized high-fat, high-calorie edibles that have scant nutritional value. Up to 70 percent of cancers might be eliminated if people also stopped smoking, exercised regularly, and controlled their weight. In the past, researchers had linked fat
31、consumption with the development of cancers, but they currently believe that eating fruits, vegetables, and grains may be more important in preventing the disease than not eating fat. “The evidence about a high-fat diet and cancer seemed a lot stronger several years ago than it does now,“ says Melan
32、ie Polk, a registered dietitian and director of nutrition education at the American Institute for Cancer Research. The road to strong bones is paved with calcium-rich food. Leafy green vegetables and low-fat dairy products are excellent sources of calcium, the mineral that puts stiffness into your s
33、keletal system and keeps your bones from turning rubbery and fragile. Your body uses calcium for more than keeping your bones strong. Calcium permits cells to divide, regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, and plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells. If yo
34、u dont absorb enough from what you eat to satisfy these requirements, your body will take it from your bones. Because your body doesnt produce this essential mineral, you must continually replenish the supply. Even though the recommended daily amount is 1,200 mg, most adults dont eat more than 500 m
35、g. One reason may have been the perception that calcium-rich dairy products were also loaded with calories. “In the past, women, in particular, worried that dairy products were high in calories,“ says Letha Y. Griffin, M. D. , of Peachtree Orthopaedics in Atlanta. “But today you can get calcium with
36、out eating any high-fat or high-calorie foods by choosing skim milk or low-fat yogurt. “ Also, low-fat dairy products contain phosphorous and magnesium and are generally fortified with vitamin D, all of which help your body absorb and use calcium. If you find it difficult to include enough calcium i
37、n your diet, ask your doctor about supplements. Theyre a potent way to get calcium as well as vitamin D and other minerals. But if you rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet, you wont benefit from the other nutrients that food provides. Getting the recommended vitamin D may be easy, since your
38、 body makes the vitamin when your skin is exposed to the suns rays. 46 Which kind of food is recommended to prevent heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones? （ A） Calcium-rich food （ B） Plant-based and starchy staples food （ C） High-fat, high-calorie food （ D） Vit
39、amin D-rich food 47 The underlined word “thwart“ (Para. 1) most probably means “_“. （ A） destroy （ B） forbid （ C） cure （ D） prevent 48 _percent of all cancers could be averted if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods and minimized high-fat, high-calorie edibles. （ A） 30-40 （ B） 4
40、0-50 （ C） 50-60 （ D） 60-70 49 According to the passage, cancers may take some healthy steps other than_. （ A） stop smoking （ B） exercise regularly （ C） take non-fat diet （ D） control their weight 50 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Today you can get calcium without eating any high
41、-fat or high-calorie foods by choosing skim milk or low-fat yogurt. （ B） Calcium plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells. （ C） You can rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet to take enough calcium. （ D） If you want to absorb calcium, you should expose your
42、self to the suns rays. 50 The history of English is conventionally, if perhaps too neatly, divided into three periods usually called Old (or Anglo-Saxon) English, Middle English, and Modern English. The earliest period begins with the migration of certain Germanic tribes from the continent to Britai
43、n in the fifth century A. D, though no records of their language survive from before the seventh century, and it continues until the end of the seventh century or a bit later. By that time, Latin, Old Norse (the language of the Viking invaders), and especially the Anglo-Norman French of the dominant
44、 class after the Norman Conquest in 1066 had begun to have a substantial impact on the vocabulary, and the well-developed inflectional (词尾变化的 ) system that typifies the grammar of Old English had begun to break down. The period of Middle English extends roughly from the twelfth century through the f
45、ifteenth. The influence of French (and Latin, often by way of French) upon the vocabulary continued throughout the period, the loss of some inflections and the reduction of others accelerated, and many changes took place within the grammatical systems of the language. A typical prose passage, especi
46、ally one from the later part of the period, will not have such a foreign look to us as the prose of Old English, but it will not be mistaken for contemporary writing either. The period of Modern English extends from the sixteenth century to our own day. The early part of this period saw the completi
47、on of a revolution in vowel distribution that had begun in late Middle English and that effectively brought the language to something resembling its present pattern. Other important early developments include the stabilizing effect on spelling of the printing press and the beginning of the direct in
48、fluence of Latin, and to a lesser extent, Greek on the vocabulary. Later, as English came into contact with other cultures around the world and distinctive dialects of English developed in the many areas which Britain, had colonized, numerous other languages made small but interesting contributions
49、to our word-stock. 51 The earliest written record of English available to us started_. （ A） from the seventh century （ B） from the fifth century （ C） from the twelfth century （ D） from the ninth century 52 What is the main feature of the grammar of Old English?_ （ A） The influence of Latin. （ B） A revolution in vowel distribution. （ C） A well-developed inflectional system. （ D） Loss of some inflections. 53 What can be inferred from the passage? _ （ A） Even an educated person can not read O
