1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 251及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What is the meaning of “Skating on thin ice“? （ A） One may be doing something quite difficult. （ B） One may be doing something quite risky. （ C） One may be doing something quite annoying. （ D） One may be doing something impossible. 12 When somebody told you that you will “cut n
5、o ice“ with him, what did he mean? （ A） You will not persuade him. （ B） You are getting nowhere with him. （ C） You cannot sell your ice to him. （ D） You should not waste time cutting ice with him. 13 When the game is really over, which idiom can we use? （ A） The game is on ice. （ B） Skating on thin
6、ice. （ C） To cut no ice. （ D） To break the ice. 14 What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time? （ A） How much exercise they get every day. （ B） What they are most worried about. （ C） How long their parents accompany them daily. （ D） What entertainment they are interest
7、ed in. 15 The academy suggests that children under age two_. （ A） get enough entertainment （ B） have more activities （ C） receive early education （ D） have regular checkups 16 According to the report, childrens bedrooms should_. （ A） be no place for play （ B） be near a common area （ C） have no TV se
8、ts （ D） have a computer for study 17 Why does the woman say she has mixed feeling ? （ A） She wasnt quite ready to come back to campus. （ B） There are more endangered species in zoos than in the wild. （ C） The birds wont learn to keep away from people. （ D） She might change her major. 18 What was the
9、 womans job? （ A） Counting wildlife （ B） Cleaning cages （ C） Training baby birds （ D） Making puppets 19 Why does the man mention tigers and pandas? （ A） He once had a job in a zoo. （ B） Theyre familiar examples of endangered species. （ C） Hes interested in the genetics of mammals. （ D） They also bec
10、ome attached to humans. 20 Why do the staff members cover themselves with cloth as they work? （ A） So that they are protected from scratches by the cranes talons. （ B） So that they arent exposed to infectious diseases. （ C） So that the chicks can be examined in a sterile environment. （ D） So that th
11、e chicks dont become dependent on human being. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their p
12、ast lives, 21 about the future. These reminiscences are not simply random or trivial memories, 22 is their purpose merely to make conversation. The old persons recollections of the past help to 23 an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile: 24 any role that brings respect or any goal that mig
13、ht provide 25 to the future, the individual mentions their past as a reminder to listeners, that here was a life 26 living. 27 , the memories form part of a continuing life 28 , in which the old person 29 the events and experiences of the years gone by and 30 on the overall meaning of his or her own
14、 almost completed life. As the life cycle 31 to its close, the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impending (即将发生的 ) death. 32 this task is made difficult by the fact that death is almost a 33 subject in the United States. The mere discussion of death is often regarded as 34 . A
15、s adults many of us find the topic frightening and are 35 to think about itand certainly not to talk about it 36 the presence of someone who is dying. Death has achieved this taboo 37 only in the modern industrial societies. There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance to 38 the idea of
16、death. It is the very fact that death remains 39 our control; it is almost the only one of the natural processes 40 is so. （ A） better than （ B） rather than （ C） less than （ D） other than （ A） so （ B） even （ C） nor （ D） hardly （ A） preserve （ B） conserve （ C） resume （ D） assume （ A） performing （ B）
17、playing （ C） undertaking （ D） lacking （ A） orientation （ B） implication （ C） succession （ D） presentation （ A） worthy （ B） worth （ C） worthless （ D） worthwhile （ A） In a word （ B） In brief （ C） In addition （ D） In particular （ A） prospect （ B） impetus （ C） impression （ D） review （ A） integrates （ B）
18、 incorporates （ C） includes （ D） interacts （ A） reckons （ B） counts （ C） reflects （ D） conceive （ A） keeps （ B） draws （ C） inclines （ D） tends （ A） Therefore （ B） And （ C） Yet （ D） Otherwise （ A） taboo （ B） dispute （ C） contempt （ D） neglect （ A） notorious （ B） indecent （ C） obscure （ D） desperate （
19、 A） ready （ B） willing （ C） liable （ D） reluctant （ A） at （ B） on （ C） with （ D） in （ A） status （ B） circumstance （ C） environment （ D） priority （ A） encounter （ B） confront （ C） tolerate （ D） expose （ A） under （ B） above （ C） beyond （ D） within （ A） which （ B） what （ C） as （ D） that Part B Directio
20、ns: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV. The first difference is that a policemans real life revolves round c
21、riminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk t
22、o. Little of his time is spent in chatting, he will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid, petty crimes. Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as hes arrested, the
23、story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks little effort is spent on searching. Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to
24、gather a lot of difference evidence. At third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: first, as members of a police force they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law; secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results
25、. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways. If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world
26、is deepened by the simple-mindednessas he sees itof citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is recatchin
27、g people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical. 41 A policeman has to be trained in criminal law because_. （ A） he must be able to tell when and where a crime is committed （ B） he must justify the arrests he makes of criminals （ C） he must behave as professional lawyers
28、do （ D） he must work hard to help reform criminals 42 What is the most suitable word that describes the work of a policeman according to the passage? _ （ A） Distressing. （ B） Dramatic. （ C） Dangerous. （ D） Demanding. 43 According to the passage, policemen spend most of their time and efforts_. （ A）
29、consulting the rules of law （ B） collecting and providing evidence （ C） tracking and arresting criminals （ D） patrolling the street, rain or shine 44 Whats the policemans biggest headache? （ A） He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most cases. （ B） He has to pr
30、ovide the best possible public service at the least possible expense. （ C） He has to get the most desirable results without breaking the law in any way. （ D） He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened with numerous criminal cases. 45 Why do policemen feel separated from the
31、rest of the world? （ A） Because they feel superior to simple-minded people around them. （ B） Because they are suspicious of the people around them. （ C） Because they do not receive due support from society. （ D） Because they find people insincere to them. 45 Specialisation can be seen as a response
32、to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science a
33、ffecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur“ does carry a connotation that the pers
34、on concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science
35、. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom. A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals no
36、t simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have
37、 increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for ama
38、teurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed
39、mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationall
40、y in a different way. Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckone
41、d as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science. 46 The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as_. （ A） society and chemistry （ B） physics and psychology （ C） sociology and psychology （ D） physics and chemistry 47 We can infer fr
42、om the passage that_. （ A） there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation （ B） amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science （ C） professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community （ D） amateurs have national academic societies but no
43、local ones 48 The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate_. （ A） the process of specialisation and professionalisation （ B） the hardship of amateurs in scientific study （ C） the change of policies in scientific publications （ D） the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
44、 49 The direct reason for specialisation is_. （ A） the development in communication （ B） the growth of professionalisation （ C） the expansion of scientific knowledge （ D） the splitting of academic societies 49 The first big-name hackers include Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds, all now h
45、ighly recognisable names behind many of the computer technologies used today. These early hackers had a love of technology and a compelling need to know how it all worked, and their goal was to push programs beyond what they were designed to do. Back then, the word “hacker“ didnt have the negative c
46、onnotation it has today. The original hacker ethic, rooted out of simple curiosity and a need to be challenged, appears to be dead. The objectives of early hackers are a far cry from the goals of todays hackers. The motivation of the new breed of hackers appears not to be curiosity, or a hunger for
47、knowledge, as it used to be. Instead, most of todays hackers are driven by greed, power, revenge, or some other malicious intent, treating hacking as a game or sport, employing the tools that are readily available via the Internet. The rate of security attacks is actually outpacing the growth of the
48、 Internet. This means that something besides the growth of the Internet is driving the rise in security attacks. Here are some realities you should know about; Operating systems and applications will never be secure. New vulnerabilities will be introduced into your environment every day. And even if
49、 you ever do get one operating system secure, there will be new operating systems with new vulnerabilitiesphones, wireless devices, and network appliances. Employees will never keep up with security polices and awareness. It doesnt matter how much you train and educate your employees. If your employees disregard warnings about the hazards of opening questionable email attachments, how are you going to educate them about properly configuring firewalls and intrusion detection systems for their PCs? Managers have more res
