1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 254及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 The first Olympic Games took place_. （ A） in the seventh century A. D. （ B） certainly before 700 B. C. （ C） over three thousand years ago （ D） a thousand years ago 12 At the ancient Olympic Games, any competitor had to be_. （ A） slaves （ B） male （ C） female （ D） prisoners 13 Du
5、ring the Games, on the evening before the moon was full_. （ A） sheep and cattle were sacrificed to Zeus （ B） all the victors were crowned with garlands （ C） olive branches were gathered from a sacred wood （ D） the heroes were honored with sacrificial offerings 14 According to the speaker, what shoul
6、d one pay special attention to if he wants to save up? （ A） Family debts. （ B） Bank savings. （ C） Monthly bills. （ D） Spending habits 15 How much can a person save by retirement if he gives up his pack-a-day habit? _ （ A） $190,000. （ B） $330,000. （ C） $500,000. （ D） $1,000,000. 16 What should one do
7、 before paying monthly bills, if he wants to accumulate wealth? （ A） Invest into a mutual fund. （ B） Use the discount tickets. （ C） Quit his eating-out habit. （ D） Use only paper bills and save coins. 17 When was the World Bank officially founded? （ A） In 1944. （ B） In 1946. （ C） In 1949. （ D） In200
8、0. 18 The World Bank dreams of a world without （ A） inequality （ B） poverty （ C） oppression （ D） conflicts 19 What do we know about the World Bank member countries? （ A） They have equal say. （ B） They decide on the banks work. （ C） They are the board members. （ D） They are its shareholders. 20 How m
9、any leading contributors does the World Bank have? （ A） 24. （ B） 19. （ C） 5. （ D） 3 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Most people would be 21 by the high quality of m
10、edicine 22 to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of 23 to the individual, a 24 a-mount of advanced technical equipment, and 25 effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must 26 in the courts if they 27 things badly. But the Amer
11、icans are in a mess. The problem is the way in 28 health care is organized and 29. 30 to pubic belief it is not just a free competition system. The private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not 31 the less fortunate and the elderly. But even with this huge
12、 public part of the system, 32 this year will eat up 84. 5 billion dollarsmore than 10 percent of the U. S. Budgetlarge number of Americans are left 33 These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits 34 income fixed by a government trying to make savin
13、gs where it can. The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control 35 the health system. There is no 36 to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothac
14、he, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate persons concerned can do is 37 up. Two thirds of the population 38 covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want 39 that the insurance company will pay the bill. The rising cost of medicine in the U. S. A. is among the most
15、 worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the countrys health bill climbed 15. 9 percentabout twice as fast as prices 40 general. （ A） compressed （ B） impressed （ C） obsessed （ D） repressed （ A） available （ B） attainable （ C） achievable （ D） amenable （ A） extension （ B） retention （ C） attention
16、 （ D） exertion （ A） countless （ B） titanic （ C） broad （ D） vast （ A） intensive （ B） absorbed （ C） intense （ D） concentrated （ A） run into （ B） encounter （ C） face （ D） defy （ A） treat （ B） deal （ C） maneuver （ D） handle （ A） which （ B） that （ C） what （ D） when （ A） to finance （ B） financed （ C） the
17、finance （ D） to be financed （ A） Contrary （ B） Opposed to （ C） Averse （ D） Objected （ A） looking for （ B） looking into （ C） looking after （ D） looking over （ A） which （ B） what （ C） that （ D） it （ A） over （ B） out （ C） off （ D） away （ A） for （ B） in （ C） with （ D） on （ A） over （ B） on （ C） under （ D
18、） behind （ A） boundary （ B） restriction （ C） confinement （ D） limit （ A） to pay （ B） paying （ C） pay （ D） to have paid （ A） is being （ B） are （ C） have been （ D） is （ A） knowing （ B） to know （ C） they know （ D） known （ A） in （ B） with （ C） on （ D） for Part B Directions: Read the following four texts
19、. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 How efficient is our system of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we ask of it convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent? It is often said that the British trail system is m
20、ore like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawyers on each side are so engrossed in playing hard to win, challenging each other and the judge on technical points, that the object of finding out the truth is almost forgotten. All the effort is concentrated on the big day, on the dramat
21、ic cross examination of the key witnesses in front of the jury. Critics like to compare our “adversarial“ system (resembling two adversaries engaged in a contest) with the continental “inquisitorial“ system, under which the judge plays a more important inquiring role. In early times, in the Middle A
22、ges, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial by “ordeal“especially a religious eventwas the main way of testing guilt or innocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the continent church-trained legal officials took over the function of
23、 both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were largely left to lay people, the Justice of the Peace and the jurymen who were illiterate and this meant that all the evidence had to be put to them orally. This historical accident dominates procedure even today, with all evidence being give
24、n in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day. On the other hand, in France for instance, all the evidence is written before the trial under supervision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramatic; much of it is just a public checking of the written records alread
25、y gathered. The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it in their constitution. But, while the basic features of our systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the U. S. A. has virtually no contem
26、pt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, Americans lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs. In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudiced are empanelled. Secondly
27、, there is no separate profession of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and defense lawyers who are to present cases in court prepare themselves. They go out and visit the scene, track down and interview witnesses, and familiarize themselves personally with the background. In Brita
28、in it is the solicitor who prepares the case, and the barrister who appears in court is not even allowed to meet witness beforehand. British barristers also alternate doing both prosecution and defense work. Being kept distant from the preparation and regularly appearing for both sides, barristers a
29、re said to avoid becoming too personally involved, and can approach cases more dispassionately. American lawyers, however, often know their cases better. Reformers rightly want to learn from other countries mistakes and successes. But what is clear is that justice systems, largely because they are t
30、he result of long historical growth, are peculiarly difficult to adapt piecemeal. 41 “British trial system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. “ It implies that_. （ A） the British legal system can do the basic job wellconvicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent （ B） the B
31、ritish legal system is worse than the continental legal system （ C） the British legal system is often considered to be not very fair （ D） the British legal system is very efficient 42 Which of the following sentences is NOT true? （ A） Oral evidence was unnecessary in France because the judges and pr
32、osecutors could read. （ B） When trial by ordeal was finally abandoned throughout Europe, trial by jury was introduced in Britain. （ C） In the adversarial system, it is the lawyers who play the leading roles. （ D） Lawyers in Britain are prepared to lie in order to win their cases. 43 In Britain, news
33、papers_. （ A） do the same as American newspapers do （ B） are not interested in publishing details about the trial before it takes place （ C） are not allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place （ D） are allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place 44 We can in
34、fer that American lawyers_. （ A） do not attempt to familiarize themselves with cases （ B） prepare the cases themselves （ C） tend to be more passionately involved in their cases （ D） tend to approach cases dispassionately 45 The passage_. （ A） questions whether the system of trial by jury can ever be
35、 completely efficient （ B） suggests a number of reforms which should be made to the legal system of various countries （ C） describes how the British legal system works and compares it favourably with other systems （ D） compares the legal systems of a number of countries and discusses their advantage
36、s and disadvantages 45 Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in roboticsthe science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scienti
37、sts have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm o
38、f robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot sy
39、stems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracyfar greater precision that highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and
40、be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,“ says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we cant yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.“
41、 Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have b
42、egun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brains roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talentedand human perception far more complicatedthan previously imagined. They have built robots that can recogni
43、ze the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of winding forest road or the sin
44、gle suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth cant approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still dont know quite how we do it. 46 Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in_. （ A） the use of machines to produce science fiction （ B） the wide use of mach
45、ines in manufacturing industry （ C） the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work （ D） the elites cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work 47 The word “gizmos“ (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means_. （ A） programs （ B） experts （ C） devices （ D） creatures 48 According to the text,
46、what is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that can （ A） fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery （ B） interact with human beings verbally （ C） have a little common sense （ D） respond independently to a changing world 49 Besides reducing human labor, robots can also_. （ A） make
47、 a few decisions for themselves （ B） deal with some errors with human intervention （ C） improve factory environments （ D） cultivate human creativity 50 The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are _ （ A） expected to copy human brain in internal structure （ B） able to perceive abn
48、ormalities immediately （ C） far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information （ D） best used in a controlled environment 50 Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV. The first difference is that a policemans real life revolves round
49、 criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to. Little of his time is spent in chatting, he will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid, petty c
