1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 258及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time? （ A） How much exercise they get every day. （ B） What they are most worried about. （ C） How long their parents accompany them daily. （ D） What entertainment they are interested in. 12 The academy suggest
5、s that children under age two_. （ A） get enough entertainment （ B） have more activities （ C） receive early education （ D） have regular checkups 13 According to the report, childrens bedrooms should_. （ A） be no place for play （ B） be near a common area （ C） have no TV sets （ D） have a computer for s
6、tudy 14 Why did the police officer stop the driver? （ A） The driver exceeded the speed limit. （ B） The driver didnt stop at the zebra crossing. （ C） The officer was conducting a routine check. （ D） The officer found the cars brake lights were out. 15 Why did the driver mention his wifes cousins husb
7、and? （ A） To prove his connection with the officer. （ B） To show himself as an influential man. （ C） To influence the police officer. （ D） To establish a new friendship. 16 What did the police officer threaten to do? （ A） Give the driver a ticket. （ B） Take the driver to court. （ C） Retain the drive
8、rs car. （ D） Take the driver to the police station. 17 Procrastinators have many problems, except that_. （ A） they get more cold and flu symptoms （ B） they sleep more （ C） they smoke and drink more （ D） they have more digestive problems 18 Which of the following sentences about Timothy A. Pychyl is
9、NOT true? （ A） He is one of the Procrastination Research Group. （ B） He is a psychologist. （ C） He is a teacher in Carleton University in Ottawa. （ D） He is the co-author of the study. 19 What is the root of the problem? （ A） Something has to do with genes. （ B） Sleeping far less than they need. （ C
10、） Drinking more than they have intended. （ D） An inability to regulate behavior and control impulses. 20 Here are some favorite excuses for academic tardiness, except_. （ A） computer failure （ B） leaving a paper at home （ C） losing a hand-held organizer （ D） the death of a grandmother 一、 Section II
11、Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Most people would be 21 by the high quality of medicine 22 to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of 23 to the individu
12、al, a 24 a-mount of advanced technical equipment, and 25 effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must 26 in the courts if they 27 things badly. But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in 28 health care is organized and 29. 30 to pubic bel
13、ief it is not just a free competition system. The private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not 31 the less fortunate and the elderly. But even with this huge public part of the system, 32 this year will eat up 84. 5 billion dollars more than 10 percent of
14、 the U. S. Budget large number of Americans are left 33 These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits 34 income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can. The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control 35 the health s
15、ystem. There is no 36 to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate persons concerned can do is 37 up. Two
16、thirds of the population 38 covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want 39 that the insurance company will pay the bill. The rising cost of medicine in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the countrys health bill climbed 15. 9 percent ab
17、out twice as fast as prices 40 general. （ A） compressed （ B） impressed （ C） obsessed （ D） repressed （ A） available （ B） attainable （ C） achievable （ D） amenable （ A） extension （ B） retention （ C） attention （ D） exertion （ A） countless （ B） titanic （ C） broad （ D） vast （ A） intensive （ B） absorbed （
18、C） intense （ D） concentrated （ A） run into （ B） encounter （ C） face （ D） defy （ A） treat （ B） deal （ C） maneuver （ D） handle （ A） which （ B） that （ C） what （ D） when （ A） to finance （ B） financed （ C） the finance （ D） to be financed （ A） Contrary （ B） Opposed to （ C） Averse （ D） Objected （ A） lookin
19、g for （ B） looking into （ C） looking after （ D） looking over （ A） which （ B） what （ C） that （ D） it （ A） over （ B） out （ C） off （ D） away （ A） for （ B） in （ C） with （ D） on （ A） over （ B） on （ C） under （ D） behind （ A） boundary （ B） restriction （ C） confinement （ D） limit （ A） to pay （ B） paying （ C
20、） pay （ D） to have paid （ A） is being （ B） are （ C） have been （ D） is （ A） knowing （ B） to know （ C） they know （ D） known （ A） in （ B） with （ C） on （ D） for Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER S
21、HEET 1. 40 The question of whether war is inevitable is one, which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguis
22、hed from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something, which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined
23、as a process by which social entities function is the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between
24、individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggl
25、e for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the co
26、mpetition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, a
27、nd materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline
28、. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is. 41 In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some term
29、s in order to_. （ A） argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societies （ B） smooth out the conflicts in human societies （ C） distinguish between two kinds of opposition （ D） summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation 42 According to the author, competit
30、ion differs from conflict in that_. （ A） it results in war in most cases （ B） it induces efforts to expand territory （ C） it is a kind of opposition among social entities （ D） it is essentially a struggle for existence 43 The phrase “function in the disservice of one another“ (Para. 1) most probably
31、 means （ A） betray each other （ B） harm one another （ C） help to collaborate with each other （ D） benefit one another 44 The author indicates in the passage that conflict_. （ A） is an inevitable struggle resulting from competition （ B） reflects the struggle among social animals （ C） is an opposition
32、 among individual social entities （ D） can be avoided 45 The passage is probably intended to answer the question “_“ （ A） Is war inevitable? （ B） Why is there conflict and competition? （ C） Is conflict desirable? （ D） Can competition lead to conflict? 45 For me, scientific knowledge is divided into
33、mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, ab
34、out which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure of theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfil the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If
35、man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance because they a
36、lso contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human. But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and
37、foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and
38、 without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first man to study nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to
39、 modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this k
40、nowledge had not been sought disinterestedly. 46 The most important advances made by mankind come from_. （ A） apparently useless information （ B） the natural sciences （ C） philosophy （ D） technical applications 47 The author does not include among the science the study of_. （ A） Astronomy （ B） Liter
41、ature （ C） Chemistry （ D） Economics 48 In the paragraph that follows this passage, we may expect the author to discuss （ A） unforeseen discoveries （ B） philosophy （ C） the value of pure research （ D） the value of technical research 49 The author points out that the Greeks who study conic section_. （
42、 A） were unaware of the value of their studies （ B） were mathematicians （ C） resigned （ D） were interested in navigation 50 The practical scientist_. （ A） is a philosopher （ B） is interested in the unknown （ C） knows the value of what he will discover （ D） knows that the world exists 50 How efficien
43、t is our system of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we ask of it convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent? It is often said that the British trail system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawyers on each side are so engrossed in playing hard to win
44、, challenging each other and the judge on technical points, that the object of finding out the truth is almost forgotten. All the effort is concentrated on the big day, on the dramatic cross examination of the key witnesses in front of the jury. Critics like to compare our “adversarial“ system (rese
45、mbling two adversaries engaged in a contest) with the continental “inquisitorial“ system, under which the judge plays a more important inquiring role. In early times, in the Middle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial by “ordeal“ especially a religious event was
46、the main way of testing guilt or innocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the continent church-trained legal officials took over the function of both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were largely left to lay people, the Justice of the Peace and
47、the jurymen who were illiterate and this meant that all the evidence had to be put to them orally. This historical accident dominates procedure even today, with all evidence being given in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day. On the other hand, in France for instance, all the evidence is
48、written before the trial under supervision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramaticj much of it is just a public checking of the written records already gathered. The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it in their constitution.
49、But, while the basic features of our systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the U. S. A. has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, American lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs. In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudiced are empanelled. Secondly, there is no separate professio
