1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 260及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What is the target group for this years “No Tobacco Day“? （ A） Children under 16 （ B） Men between 20 and 33 years old （ C） Women （ D） Old people with serious diseases 12 What is the recent important development observed in developing countries? （ A） The number of smokers has be
5、en falling about 2 percent a year. （ B） The number of smokers has been rising 20 percent a year. （ C） The number of smokers has been rising 2 percent a year. （ D） The number of smokers has been falling 20 percent a year. 13 What is the good of the World Health Organization? （ A） To set a “smoke-free
6、“ world （ B） To teach the people in developing countries a lesson （ C） To forbid farmers to grow tobacco （ D） To forbid smokers to buy tobacco products 14 How many chickens become the KFC chains fried meals every year? （ A） 500 million （ B） 600 million （ C） 700 million （ D） 800 million 15 Which of t
7、he following suggestions has NOT been raised by the Ethical Treatment of Animals? （ A） To improve the diets of hens （ B） To move chickens into large farms （ C） To make chickens sleep before they are killed （ D） To improve chickens lives 16 What is Ian Duncans attitude towards the Ethical Treatment o
8、f Animals now? （ A） Positive （ B） Negative （ C） Indifferent （ D） No specific idea 17 What does Professor Morgan do? （ A） He is a film director of Science Fiction. （ B） He is a writer of Science Fiction. （ C） He is a scientist who researches on how to freeze a body and bring it back to life later. （
9、D） He is a doctor who treats terminal illnesses. 18 According to Professor Morgan, what enables animals to freeze themselves? （ A） A certain chemical in their bodies. （ B） The change of certain circumstances around them. （ C） A certain temperature. （ D） A certain season in the year. 19 How long will
10、 Professor Morgan be able to freeze human beings for as long or as short a time as he would like to? （ A） About ten years. （ B） About two years. （ C） About twenty years. （ D） About thirteen years. 20 What is true about the application of Professor Morgans research? （ A） It .can be used to prolong ev
11、eryones life. （ B） It can help find cures for terminal illnesses. （ C） It can cure cancer and Aids. （ D） It can help freeze people with terminal illnesses and bring them back to life when the cure appears. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best
12、 word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 In the past decade, new scientific developments in communications have changed the way many people gather information about politics. The most important of these new【 C1】 _is the Internet. Recent research suggests the use of t
13、he Internet for political information increases the 【 C2】 _of participation. While a(n) 【 C3】 _relationship between Internet news and political participation has been found, a theoretical link as to why the Internet is【 C4】 _from other media forms is largely【 C5】 _This research is an attempt to【 C6】
14、 _the “black-box“ linking the Internet and political participation by building on two theoretical【 C7】 _The first, surge and decline theory, comes out of political science and the second, media systems dependency theory, 【 C8】_from communications. Both explanations focus on individual costs and bene
15、fits of political participation. The media can【 C9】 _the “costs“ by providing sufficient information to make 【 C10】 _decisions about voting. Previous research【 C11】 _that the Internet benefits the public through the cost side of the equation. One of the medias greatest【 C12】 _is information and the
16、public【 C13】 _on media to provide them with the information they need. 【 C14】 _the Internet is capable of providing information【 C15】 _, and from a multitude of sources, one would expect it to【 C16】 _. political action through lowering the cost of information. Besides lowering participation costs, t
17、he media can【 C17】 _increase the benefits of participation. Intense media【 C18】 _of an event such as an election can【 C19】_excitement that increases the perceived “benefit“ of participating. The Internet may encourage a unique participation benefit【 C20】 _increased mobilization efforts. 21 【 C1】 （ A
18、） technologies （ B） materials （ C） concepts （ D） devices 22 【 C2】 （ A） practicability （ B） feasibility （ C） probability （ D） stability 23 【 C3】 （ A） critical （ B） analytical （ C） empirical （ D） technical 24 【 C4】 （ A） specific （ B） unique （ C） particular （ D） peculiar 25 【 C5】 （ A） built （ B） losing
19、 （ C） missing （ D） connected 26 【 C6】 （ A） unpack （ B） unroll （ C） untie （ D） unfold 27 【 C7】 （ A） experiments （ B） comments （ C） approaches （ D） investigations 28 【 C8】 （ A） orientates （ B） initiates （ C） correlates （ D） originates 29 【 C9】 （ A） alter （ B） decrease （ C） induce （ D） cover 30 【 C10】
20、（ A） informed （ B） accepted （ C） understood （ D） diversified 31 【 C11】 （ A） declares （ B） denies （ C） promises （ D） argues 32 【 C12】 （ A） databanks （ B） resources （ C） sources （ D） costs 33 【 C13】 （ A） base （ B） act （ C） rely （ D） live 34 【 C14】 （ A） Because （ B） While （ C） If （ D） Although 35 【 C15
21、】 （ A） casually （ B） objectively （ C） readily （ D） skillfully 36 【 C16】 （ A） advertise （ B） popularize （ C） manage （ D） encourage 37 【 C17】 （ A） also （ B） yet （ C） only （ D） just 38 【 C18】 （ A） interference （ B） statement （ C） coverage （ D） image 39 【 C19】 （ A） generate （ B） promote （ C） install （ D
22、） expose 40 【 C20】 （ A） for （ B） via （ C） at （ D） from Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 Six years later, in an about-face, the FBI admits that federal agents fired tear gas canist
23、ers capable of causing a fire at the Branch Davidian compound near Waco, Texas in 1993. But the official said the firing came several hours before the structure burst into flames, killing 80 people including the Davidians leader, David Koresh. “In looking into this, weve come across information that
24、 shows some canisters that can be deemed pyrotechnic in nature were firedhours before the fire started,“ the official said. “Devices were fired at the bunker, not at the main structure where the Davidians were camped out.“ The Federal Bureau of Investigation maintains it did not start what turned to
25、 be a series of fiery bursts of flames that ended a 51-day standoff between branch members and the federal government. “This doesnt change the bottom line that David Koresh started the fire and the government did not,“ the official said. “It simple shows that devices that could probably be flammable
26、 were used in the early morning hours.“ The law enforcement official said the canisters were fired not at the main structure where the Davidian members were camped out but at the nearby underground bunker. They bounced off the bunkers concrete roof and landed in an open field well, the official said
27、. The canisters were fired at around 6 a.m. , and the fire that destroyed the wooden compound started around noon, the official said. The official also added that other tear gas canisters used by agent that day were not flammable or potentially explosive. While Coulson denied the grenades played a r
28、ole in starting the fire, his statement marked the first time that any U. S. government official has publicly contradicted the governments position that federal agents used nothing on the final day of the siege at Waco that could have sparked the fire that engulfed the compound. The cause of the fie
29、ry end is a major focus of an ongoing inquiry by the Texas Rangers into the Waco siege. 41 The FBI official has NOT admitted that_. （ A） the canisters were fired at the main structure （ B） the canisters were fired hours before the fire started （ C） federal agents fired tear gas canisters capable of
30、causing a fire （ D） other tear gas canisters that were not flammable or potentially explosive were also used 42 From the passage, what information can be inferred about the event in 1993? （ A） The compound was blown up by the FBI agents. （ B） The compound burst into flames at dawn. （ C） The federal
31、government besieged the compound for 51 days before the tragedy occurred. （ D） About 80 people were killed in the event except the Davidians leader, David Koresh. 43 After reading the passage, how much do you know about the compound near Waco? （ A） About 51 people lived in the compound at the time o
32、f the event in 1993. （ B） It consisted of a main structure and a bunker. （ C） It was built of stone. （ D） It was a schoolhouse. 44 Coulsons speech has_. （ A） made the matter even more complicated and confusing （ B） been approved by the government （ C） met sharp criticism （ D） brought the whole matte
33、r into broad daylight 45 The attitude of the narrator towards this message is_. （ A） neutral （ B） bitter （ C） excited （ D） expectant 45 The question of whether war is inevitable is one, which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to intro
34、duce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something, which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one anot
35、her, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function is the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function
36、in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and des
37、irable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and
38、cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other spe
39、cies. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing
40、 resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict a
41、mong nations is inevitable, although competition is. 46 In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to_. （ A） argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societies （ B） smooth out the conflicts in human societies （ C） distinguish between two kind
42、s of opposition （ D） summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation 47 According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that_. （ A） it results in war in most cases （ B） it induces efforts to expand territory （ C） it is a kind of opposition among social entities （ D）
43、 it is essentially a struggle for existence 48 The phrase “function in the disservice of one another“ (Para. 1) most probably means （ A） betray each other （ B） harm one another （ C） help to collaborate with each other （ D） benefit one another 49 The author indicates in the passage that conflict_. （
44、A） is an inevitable struggle resulting from competition （ B） reflects the struggle among social animals （ C） is an opposition among individual social entities （ D） can be avoided 50 The passage is probably intended to answer the question “_“ （ A） Is war inevitable? （ B） Why is there conflict and com
45、petition? （ C） Is conflict desirable? （ D） Can competition lead to conflict? 50 Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the j
46、ournalism credibility project. Sad to say,this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes,combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. But the sources of distrust go way deeper.
47、Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each days events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news. There e
48、xists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates“ of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size, cities around the country, plus one large metropol
49、itan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions. Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and theyre less likely to go to church to do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community. Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work t
