1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 268及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 5 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 How many flu deaths a year in the 1990s? （ A） 20,000 （ B） 26,000 （ C） 30,000 （ D） 36,000 12 Dr. Fukuda and his colleagues reported that the virus was especially deadly in people over （ A） 55 （ B） 65 （ C） 75 （ D） 85 13 According to the report, which of the following sentences is
5、 true? （ A） The only method of preventing the disease is to get flu vaccines. （ B） Dr. Morens was optimistic about the immediate future. （ C） As many as 87 percent of the 11,000 people who died from R. S. V. each year were 65 and older. （ D） The vaccine, which is made from a killed virus, can give p
6、eople the flu. 14 What is the origin of Kwanzaa related to? （ A） Religion. （ B） Family life. （ C） Agriculture. （ D） Community. 15 Which of the following colors is used for decoration in Kwanzaa? （ A） Yellow. （ B） Green. （ C） White. （ D） Blue. 16 What do the seven candies stand for? （ A） Principles.
7、（ B） Cultures. （ C） Tribes. （ D） Colors. 17 What does Professor Morgan do? （ A） He is a film director of Science Fiction. （ B） He is a writer of Science Fiction. （ C） He is a scientist who researches on how to freeze a body and bring it back to life later. （ D） He is a doctor who treats terminal ill
8、nesses. 18 According to Professor Morgan, what enables animals to freeze themselves? （ A） A certain chemical in their bodies. （ B） The change of certain circumstances around them. （ C） A certain temperature. （ D） A certain season in the year. 19 How long will Professor Morgan be able to freeze human
9、 beings for as long or as short a time as he would like to? （ A） About ten years. （ B） About two years. （ C） About twenty years. （ D） About thirteen years. 20 What is true about the application of Professor Morgans research? （ A） It .can be used to prolong everyones life. （ B） It can help find cures
10、 for terminal illnesses. （ C） It can cure cancer and Aids. （ D） It can help freeze people with terminal illnesses and bring them back to life when the cure appears. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A,
11、 B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. 21 , the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others 22 to
12、 themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, 23 the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed 24 being classified as “English“. Even in England there are many 25 in regional character and speech. The chief 26 is between southern England and northern England. South of a 27 going from Bristol to Londo
13、n, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, 28 there are local variations. Further north, regional speech is usually “ 29 “ than that of southern Britain. Northerners are 30 to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more 31 . They are openhearted and hospit
14、able; foreigners often find that they make friends with them 32 . Northerners generally have hearty 33 : the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous 34 at meal times. In accent and character the people of the Midlands 35 a gradual change from the sout
15、hern to the northern type of Englishman. In Scotland the sound 36 by the letter “R“ is generally a strong sound, and “R“ is often pronounced in words in which it would be 37 in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, 38 inventive and somewhat mystical. All the
16、 Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently 39 as being more “fiery“ than the English. They are 40 a race that is quite distinct from the English. （ A） In consequence （ B） In brief （ C） In general （ D） In fact （ A） confine （ B） attach （ C） refer （ D） add （ A） as （ B）
17、which （ C） for （ D） so （ A） with （ B） by （ C） at （ D） for （ A） similarities （ B） differences （ C） certainties （ D） features （ A） factor （ B） virtue （ C） privilege （ D） division （ A） line （ B） row （ C） border （ D） scale （ A） who （ B） when （ C） though （ D） for （ A） wider （ B） broader （ C） rarer （ D） s
18、carcer （ A） used （ B） apt （ C） possible （ D） probable （ A） perfect （ B） notorious （ C） superior （ D） thorough （ A） swiftly （ B） promptly （ C） immediately （ D） quickly （ A） appetites （ B） tastes （ C） interests （ D） senses （ A） helpings （ B） offerings （ C） fillings （ D） findings （ A） represent （ B） de
19、signate （ C） demonstrate （ D） reckon （ A） delivered （ B） denoted （ C） depicted （ D） defined （ A） quiet （ B） obscure （ C） faint （ D） silent （ A） rather （ B） still （ C） somehow （ D） even （ A） rendered （ B） thought （ C） impressed （ D） described （ A） with （ B） of （ C） among （ D） against Part B Direction
20、s: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 Every second in the United States alone, more than 250 animals are slaughtered for food, adding up to more than 8 billion animals each year. Reducing the amount o
21、f meat in ones diet is nutritionally, environmentally, and ethically beneficial. People who eat meat usually have weaker immune systems compared to those of vegetarians. Meat has been directly linked to diabetes, obesity, arthritis, and many other illnesses. Furthermore, meat-eaters are at a higher
22、risk for diseases, including cancer, and they are more likely to die from these diseases. Critics say that a meatless diet does not provide e-nough nutrients, especially protein and iron. Actually, according to “A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian“, by Judy Krizmanic, protein is found in almost every
23、food, and iron appears in many vegetables. Getting enough nutrients in a meat-reduced diet should not be difficult. A 1988 study found that some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat and eggs. Diets including more fruits and vegetables will only make people healthier. Some skeptics believ
24、e that there will be a shortage of food if animals are not eaten. In fact, the opposite is true. More than 80% of the corn and 95% of the oats grown in the U. S. are fed to livestock. The worlds cattle alone consume enough food to equal the caloric needs of 8. 7 billion people, more than the entire
25、human population. One half of the water used in the Unites States also goes to livestock; 250 gallons of water produces only 1 lb. of beef. If people eat less meat and more plants, the amount of available food will increase. Many people become vegetarians because they feel that eating animals is une
26、thical. 90% of these animals are raised in confinement. Chickens and other birds have only about half a square foot of space each, and since they are raised so close together, a lot blade is used to cut off their beaks to prevent them from pecking each other to death. Likewise, pigs that are repress
27、ed will bite each others tails, so both their teeth and tails are removed as soon as they are born. Eating animals is hazardous in numerous ways. Even a slight reduction in meat intake is better than nothing at all. Consuming less meat is beneficial to the health of animals, the health of people, an
28、d the health of the world. 41 Why do some people become vegetarians? （ A） They feel that eating animals is unethical. （ B） There are fewer livestock available due to the environmental pollution. （ C） The consumption of meat will lead to financial problem. （ D） Being a vegetarian is beneficial to the
29、 protection of water. 42 Which of the following statements is true according to the book “A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian“? （ A） Some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat and eggs. （ B） A meatless diet does not provide enough nutrients. （ C） Protein can be found in almost every food. （
30、 D） More than 80% of the corn in the U. S. are fed to livestock. 43 Why does the author say reducing the amount of meat in ones diet is environmentally beneficial? （ A） People who eat meat usually have weaker immune systems compared to those of vegetarians. （ B） A lot of food and water are consumed
31、in order to raise livestock. （ C） 90% of animals are raised in confinement. （ D） Raising Animals causes most of the destruction of the nature. 44 What is the attitude the author has toward eating meat? （ A） Positive. （ B） Negative. （ C） Indifferent. （ D） None of the above. 45 Which of the following
32、can be the best title of the passage? （ A） The Advantage of Eating Less Meat. （ B） Why People Become Vegetarian? （ C） Environmental Protection and Meatless Diet. （ D） Save Chickens, Save Birds. 45 British cancer researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clusters o
33、f cases around industrial sites are the result of population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemianot the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease. “Childhood
34、leukaemia appears to be an unusual result of a common infection,“ said Sir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. “A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you suddenly put a lot of people from l
35、arge towns in a rural area, where you might have people who had not been exposed to the infection. “ Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases a-round the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northern
36、England. Scientists have been trying to establish why there was more leukaemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have been
37、 predicted because of the amount of population mixing going on in the area, as large numbers of construction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. “Our study shows that population mixing can account for the (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that all children, whether their parents a
38、re incomers or locals, are at a higher risk if they are born in an area of high population mixing,“ Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which published the British Journal of Cancer. Their paper adds crucial weight to the 1988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a can
39、cer epidemiologist at Oxford University, who said that exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease. 46 Who first hinted at the possible cause of childhood leukaemia by infection? （ A） Leo Kinlen （ B） Richard Doll （ C） Louise Parker （ D） Heather Dicki
40、nson 47 Which statement can be supported by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parkers new findings? （ A） Radiation has contributed to the disease. （ B） Putting a lot of people from rural area in large towns increases the risk of childhood leukaemia. （ C） Population mixing is the most important reason for
41、 leukaemia cluster. （ D） Childhood leukaemia is caused by an unusual infection. 48 According to the passage， which of the following is true? （ A） Most people believe childhood leukaemia is due to environmental factors. （ B） Population mixing best explains the cause of childhood leukaemia. （ C） Radia
42、tion has nothing to do with childhood leukaemia. （ D） Children born in a large town are at higher risk of leukaemia. 49 Cancer Research Campaign is most possibly a_. （ A） medical journal （ B） research institute （ C） private company （ D） governmental agency 50 This passage is mainly about_. （ A） the
43、cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing part （ B） the kind of infection that causes childhood leukaemia （ C） the causes of childhood leukaemia （ D） a new finding by British scientists 50 When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might
44、 become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my
45、family. “ Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting“ has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all“, preached by Linda Kelsey for the
46、past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life“, and
47、 making the alternative move into “downshifting“ brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office po
48、litics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time“. In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshiftingalso known in America as “voluntary simplicity“ has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed an
49、ticonsumerism. There are a number of best-selling down-shifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-equivalent of dropping out. While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic declineafter the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late 80sand is still linked to the p
