1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 271及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What is the most fundamental difference between plants and animals? （ A） Plants produce their own food but animals dont. （ B） Plant cells have a wall which is non-living in chemical nature but animal cells haven t. （ C） Plants are green but animals aren t. （ D） Plants cant move
5、 but animals can. 12 Which of the following is TRUE about plants? （ A） They have the power of locomotion. （ B） They have a wider range of foods than animals. （ C） They are very diverse in their external appearance. （ D） They are less sensitive than animals. 13 What can we infer from the passage? （ A
6、） Plants have more characteristics than animals. （ B） Animals have more characteristics than plants. （ C） Plants and animals are different in several ways. （ D） Plants and animals are less powerful than human beings. 14 What must you make sure when you load the cassette? （ A） That you open the recor
7、der. （ B） That you get the power supply. （ C） That you get the right side of the tape facing you. （ D） That you switch the recorder on. 15 What may the red thing do besides recording? （ A） Wipe off the sound on the tape. （ B） Play the recorder. （ C） Set the recorder to work. （ D） Stop the recorder.
8、16 What button do you press if you want to listen again what has been played? （ A） Pause button. （ B） Record button. （ C） Forward button. （ D） Rewind button. 17 Whats the main topic of the monologue? （ A） Different animals yawns. （ B） Humans yawn. （ C） Fishs yawn. （ D） Social animals yawns. 18 What
9、is the speakers main point? （ A） Animals yawn for a number of reasons. （ B） Yawning results only from fatigue or boredom. （ C） Human yawns are the same as those of other animals. （ D） Only social animals yawn. 19 According to the speaker, when are hippos likely to yawn? （ A） When they are swimming.
10、（ B） When they are quarreling. （ C） When they are socializing. （ D） When they are eating. 20 What physiological reason for yawning is mentioned? （ A） To exercise the jaw muscles. （ B） To eliminate fatigue. （ C） To get greater strength for attacking. （ D） To gain more oxygen. 一、 Section II Use of Eng
11、lish (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own.【 C1】_the turn of the century when jazz(爵士乐 )was born, America had no prominent【 C2】 _of
12、 its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was【 C3】 _, or by whom. But it began to be【 C4】 _in the early 1900s. Jazz is America s contribution to【 C5】 _music. In contrast to classical music, which【 C6】_formal European traditions. Jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy,【 C7】 _ moods,
13、 interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s, jazz【 C8】 _like America. And【 C9】 _it does today. The【 C10】 _of this music are as interesting as the music【 C11】 _, American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today were the Jazz【 C12】 _. They were brought to the Southern states【 C13】 _slave
14、s. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long【 C14】 _. When a Negro died, his friends and relatives【 C15】 _a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the【 C16】 _. On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to th
15、e occasion,【 C17】 _on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their【 C18】 _, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played【 C19】 _music, improvising(即兴表演 )on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes【 C20】_at the funeral. This music made everyone want to da
16、nce. It was an early form of Jazz. 21 【 C1】 （ A） Before （ B） At （ C） In （ D） On 22 【 C2】 （ A） music （ B） song （ C） melody （ D） style 23 【 C3】 （ A） discovered （ B） acted （ C） invented （ D） designed 24 【 C4】 （ A） noticed （ B） found （ C） listened （ D） heard 25 【 C5】 （ A） classical （ B） sacred （ C） popu
17、lar （ D） light 26 【 C6】 （ A） forms （ B） follows （ C） approaches （ D） introduces 27 【 C7】 （ A） expressing （ B） explaining （ C） exposing （ D） illustrating 28 【 C8】 （ A） appeared （ B） felt （ C） seemed （ D） sounded 29 【 C9】 （ A） as （ B） so （ C） either （ D） neither 30 【 C10】 （ A） origins （ B） originals （
18、 C） discoveries （ D） resources 31 【 C11】 （ A） concerned （ B） itself （ C） available （ D） oneself 32 【 C12】 （ A） players （ B） followers （ C） fans （ D） pioneers 33 【 C13】 （ A） for （ B） as （ C） with （ D） by 34 【 C14】 （ A） months （ B） weeks （ C） hours （ D） times 35 【 C15】 （ A） demonstrated （ B） composed
19、（ C） hosted （ D） formed 36 【 C16】 （ A） demonstration （ B） procession （ C） body （ D） march 37 【 C17】 （ A） Even （ B） Therefore （ C） Furthermore （ D） But 38 【 C18】 （ A） number （ B） members （ C） body （ D） relations 39 【 C19】 （ A） sad （ B） solemn （ C） happy （ D） funeral 40 【 C20】 （ A） whistled （ B） sung
20、（ C） presented （ D） showed Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 The big identity-theft bust last week was just a taste of whats to come. Heres how to protect your good name. HERES THE
21、 SCARY THING about the identity-theft ring that the Feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm t
22、hat helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $ 60 a pop. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and risi
23、ng. Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans have their credit hijacked every year. Its one of crimes biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number which can often be found on the Web is all
24、 anybody needs to apply for a bogus line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue to fraud, so theres little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, its up to you to protect your identity. The go
25、od news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of “pre-approved“ credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Securit
26、y number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later. But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits; Equifax(at equifax. com), Trans-Un
27、ion(www. transunion. com)and Experian(experian. com). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found Trans-Unions website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive laying out state-by-state prices, rights and
28、 tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion. If youre lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entitled to one free report a year by law. Otherwise its going to cost $8 to $ 14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year
29、-round for about $ 70; thats $ 10 more than the going rate among thieves. If you think youre a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at www. consumer. gov/idtheft, which, along
30、with a local police report, should help when irate creditors come knocking. Just dont expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught. 41 What is the trend of credit-theft crime? （ A） Tightly suppressed. （ B） More frightening. （ C）
31、 Rapidly increasing. （ D） loosely controlled. 42 The expression “inside job“(Line 3, Paragraph 2)most probably means “_“. （ A） a crime that is committed by a person working for the victim （ B） a crime that should be punished severely （ C） a crime that does great harm to the victim （ D） a crime that
32、poses a great threat to the society 43 The creditors can protect their identity in the following ways except_. （ A） destroying your junk mail （ B） leaving your Social Security card at home （ C） visiting the credit-report website regularly （ D） obtaining the free report from the government 44 Why is
33、it easy to have credit-theft? （ A） More people are using credit service. （ B） The application program is not safe enough. （ C） Creditors usually disclose their identity. （ D） Creditors are not careful about their identity. 45 What is the best title of the text? （ A） The danger of credit-theft （ B） T
34、he loss of the creditors （ C） How to protect your good name （ D） Why the creditors lose their identity 45 In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence(AI)predicted that, by the end of this century , computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework.
35、But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for human like behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation : the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of
36、tasks for a ten-month-old kid. A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-b
37、y-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which naturally came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital comp
38、uters and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field. Imitating the brains neural(神经的 )network is a huge step in
39、 the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. “People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors“ , he explains, “but its not simply a clever network of switches. There are
40、 lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves. “ Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem from the pattern recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build and artificially intelligent device
41、, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills. Right now, the option that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and h
42、is fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town. 46 The author says that the powerful computers of today_. （ A） are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object （ B） are close to exhibiting humanlike behavior （ C） are not very different in their performance from those of the
43、 50s （ D） still cannot communicate with people in a human language 47 The new trend in artificial intelligence research stems from_. （ A） the shift of the focus of study on to the recognition of the shapes of objects （ B） the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical, step-by-
44、step programs （ C） the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old child （ D） the efforts made by scientists in the study of the similarities between transistors and brain cells 48 Conrad and his group of AI researchers have been making enormous efforts to_. （ A） find
45、a roundabout way to design powerful computers （ B） build a computer using a clever network of switches （ C） find out how intelligence developed in nature （ D） separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought 49 Whats the authors opinion about the new AI movement? （ A） It has created a sensat
46、ion among artificial intelligence researchers, but it will soon die out. （ B） Its a breakthrough in duplicating human thought processes. （ C） Its more like a peculiar game rather than a real scientific effort. （ D） It may prove to be in the right direction though nobody is sure of its future prospec
47、ts. 50 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “the only game in town“(Line 3, Para. 4)? （ A） The only approach to building an artificially intelligent computer. （ B） The only way for them to win a prize in artificial intelligence research. （ C） The only area worth studying in com
48、puter science. （ D） The only game they would like to play in town. 50 Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females , but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great
49、universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy m
