1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 278及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 According to the passage, the average I. Q. is_. （ A） 85 （ B） 100 （ C） 110 （ D） 125 12 This passage suggests that an individuals I. Q. _. （ A） can be predicted at birth （ B） stays the same throughout his life （ C） can be increased by education （ D） is determined by his childhoo
5、d 13 The best statement of the main idea of the passage is that_. （ A） human brains differ considerably （ B） the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence （ C） environment is crucial in determining a persons intelligence （ D） persons having identical brains will have r
6、oughly the same intelligence 14 According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention to if he wants to save up? （ A） Family debts. （ B） Bank savings. （ C） Monthly bills. （ D） Spending habits 15 How much can a person save by retirement if he gives up his pack-a-day habit? _ （ A） $190,000.
7、（ B） $330,000. （ C） $500,000. （ D） $1,000,000. 16 What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants to accumulate wealth? （ A） Invest into a mutual fund. （ B） Use the discount tickets. （ C） Quit his eating-out habit. （ D） Use only paper bills and save coins. 17 In which situation Indians w
8、ouldnt use sign language according to the passage? （ A） When they wanted to kill an enemy. （ B） When they wanted to identify a stranger. （ C） When they wanted to tell the time of the day. （ D） When they wanted to send a message to a person far away. 18 Which of the following could NOT be used by Ind
9、ians to make a signal? （ A） A small horse （ B） Cigarettes （ C） A mirror （ D） Fire arrows 19 What would an Indian do when he wanted to show that he saw many animals? （ A） He would run away to hide. （ B） He would send signals with a mirror. （ C） He would set a fire. （ D） He would ride a small horse in
10、 a large circle. 20 Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? （ A） A small horse （ B） Mirror signals （ C） Indian sign language （ D） Clever Indians 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A
11、, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universities have football, baseball, basketball and hockey programs, and 21 millions of dollars each year to sports. Most of them earn millions 22 as well, in television revenues, sponso
12、rships. They also benefit 23 from the added publicity they get via their teams. Big-name universities 24 each other in the most popular sports. Football games at Michigan regularly 25 crowds of over 90,000. Basketballs national collegiate championship game is a TV 26 on a par with (与 相同或相似 ) any oth
13、er sporting event in the United States, 27 perhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one can 28 ones TV set and see the top athletic programs from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford 29 in front of packed houses and national TV audiences. The athletes themselv
14、es are 30 and provided with scholarships. College coaches i-dentify 31 teenagers and then go into high schools to 32 the countrys best players to attend their universities. There are strict rules about 33 coaches can recruit no recruiting calls after 9 p. m. , only one official visit to a campus but
15、 they are often bent and sometimes 34 . Top college football programs 35 scholarships to 20 or 30 players each year, and those student-athletes, when they arrive 36 campus, receive free housing, tuition, meals, books, etc. In return, the players 37 the program in their sport. Football players at top
16、 colleges 38 two hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, its back to strength and agility training four days a week until mid-August, when camp 39 and preparation for the opening of the September-to-December season begins 40 . During the season, practices last two or three ho
17、urs a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest. （ A） attribute （ B） distribute （ C） devote （ D） attach （ A） out （ B） by （ C） in （ D） back （ A） directly （ B） indirectly （ C） apart （ D） indirect （ A） compete for （ B） compete in （ C） compete again
18、st （ D） compete over （ A） draw （ B） amuse （ C） govern （ D） handle （ A） spectator （ B） spectacle （ C） spectrum （ D） spectacles （ A） save （ B） saving （ C） saved （ D） to save （ A） flip on （ B） flap at （ C） fling away （ D） flush out （ A） battle （ B） to battle （ C） battling （ D） battled （ A） recruited （
19、B） reconciled （ C） rectified （ D） reserved （ A） promising （ B） pleasing （ C） prominent （ D） professional （ A） contrive （ B） convince （ C） convert （ D） convict （ A） which （ B） what （ C） how （ D） whether （ A） ignored （ B） neglected （ C） remembered （ D） noticed （ A） offer （ B） afford （ C） award （ D） re
20、ward （ A） in （ B） on （ C） at （ D） around （ A） commit themselves to （ B） commit themselves on （ C） commute themselves to （ D） comply themselves to （ A） work in （ B） work out （ C） work over （ D） work off （ A） recalls （ B） enlists （ C） convenes （ D） collects （ A） in principle （ B） in confidence （ C） in
21、 name （ D） in earnest Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural wo
22、rld (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure of theoretic
23、al knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfil the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain ki
24、nd, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasin
25、gly more truly human. But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary s
26、cope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have
27、 been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first man to study nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contem
28、porary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly. 41 The most important advances ma
29、de by mankind come from_. （ A） apparently useless information （ B） the natural sciences （ C） philosophy （ D） technical applications 42 The author does not include among the science the study of_. （ A） Astronomy （ B） Literature （ C） Chemistry （ D） Economics 43 In the paragraph that follows this passa
30、ge, we may expect the author to discuss （ A） unforeseen discoveries （ B） philosophy （ C） the value of pure research （ D） the value of technical research 44 The author points out that the Greeks who study conic section_. （ A） were unaware of the value of their studies （ B） were mathematicians （ C） re
31、signed （ D） were interested in navigation 45 The practical scientist_. （ A） is a philosopher （ B） is interested in the unknown （ C） knows the value of what he will discover （ D） knows that the world exists 45 Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion a world in which human beings could
32、feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could n
33、ot learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies,
34、there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Societys economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning $ 10 million would be more pleasant than earning $ 10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. F
35、or as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them. In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we catego
36、rize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations coloured by emotions in our families
37、, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good“ and others are “bad“, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life from what foods we eat and what clothes w
38、e wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals when perform important tasks such
39、as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts. 46 The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that （
40、 A） they would not be able to tell the texture of objects （ B） they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them （ C） they would not be happy with a life without love （ D） they would do things that hurt each others feeling 47 According to the passage, peoples learning activities a
41、re possible because they_. （ A） believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive （ B） benefit from rewarded for doing the right thing （ C） know what is vital to progress of society （ D） enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing 48 It can be inferred from the passage that the economi
42、c foundation of society is dependent on_. （ A） the ability to make money （ B） the will to work for pleasure （ C） the capacity to enjoy incentives （ D） the categorizations of our emotional experiences 49 Emotions are significant for mans survival and adaptation because_. （ A） they provide the means b
43、y which people view the size or shape of objects （ B） they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained （ C） they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements （ D） they generate more love than hate among people 50 The emotional aspects of an object are more
44、important than its physical aspects in that they_. （ A） help society exploit its members for profit （ B） encourage us to perform important tasks （ C） help to perfect the legal and penal system （ D） help us adapt our behaviour to the world surrounding us 50 If you intend using humor in your talk to m
45、ake people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing
46、, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention
47、, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a li
48、ne for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table himself. “Who is that?“ the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, thats God,“ came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor.“ If you are
49、part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen of their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post
