1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 282及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What has cloning bypassed? （ A） The nuclear transfer （ B） The process taking DNA （ C） The normal reproductive process （ D） The creation of cells 12 Whats the big breakthrough with Dolly, the first cloned animal? （ A） It makes a clone from an ordinary, adult cell. （ B） It makes
5、the first normal and healthy cloned animal. （ C） It paves the way to the cloning of human beings. （ D） It makes a cloned animal with only mother. 13 Which country first passed the law banning human cloning? （ A） The United States （ B） The United Kingdom （ C） Switzerland （ D） Russia 14 What is the ta
6、rget group for this years “No Tobacco Day“? （ A） Children under 16 （ B） Men between 20 and 33 years old （ C） Women （ D） Old people with serious diseases 15 What is the recent important development observed in developing countries? （ A） The number of smokers has been falling about 2 percent a year. （
7、 B） The number of smokers has been rising 20 percent a year. （ C） The number of smokers has been rising 2 percent a year. （ D） The number of smokers has been falling 20 percent a year. 16 What is the good of the World Health Organization? （ A） To set a “smoke-free“ world （ B） To teach the people in
8、developing countries a lesson （ C） To forbid farmers to grow tobacco （ D） To forbid smokers to buy tobacco products 17 What is Canon Digital PowerShot s230 cameras size? _ （ A） Similar to a credit card. （ B） Similar to a necklace. （ C） Similar to a cigarette box. （ D） Similar to a dressing case. 18
9、What are the target consumers of Digital PowerShot s230 camera? _ （ A） Young white-collar men. （ B） Middle-aged white-collar men. （ C） Young white-collar women. （ D） Middle-aged white-collar women. 19 There is an ad that shows a photo of a fashionable blonde sheathed in a clingy black dress, an ATM-
10、card-size camera suspended like a necklace. Which company takes this ad? _ （ A） Canon. （ B） Sony. （ C） Nokia. （ D） Casio. 20 According to the report, which of the following sentences is NOT true? _ （ A） Now manufacturers are seeking a combination of high-tech features and “cool“ design. （ B） Those y
11、oung white-collar women have not been the primary buyers of digital cameras. （ C） Digital technology is still a novelty nowadays. （ D） The Canon Digital PowerShot s230 camera is introduced in September, 2002. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the b
12、est word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. It is also the variety which is normally 21 by educated peo
13、ple and used in news broadcasts and other 22 situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has 23 in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial 24; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants. 25 , the standard variety of English
14、is based on the London 26 of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one 27 by the educated, and it was developed and promoted 28 a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also th
15、e 29 that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, 30 English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are 31 the same everywhere in the world where English is used; 32 among local standards is really quite minor, 33 the Singapore, South Africa,
16、 and Irish varieties are really very 34 different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are 35 . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous 36 on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have 37 much of their vigor and
17、there is considerable pressure on them to be 38 . This latter situation is not unique 39 English; it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are 40 . But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national,
18、even supranational (跨国的 ) ones. （ A） said （ B） told （ C） talked （ D） spoken （ A） same （ B） similar （ C） equal （ D） identical （ A） anything （ B） something （ C） nothing （ D） everything （ A） language （ B） vocabulary （ C） idioms （ D） words （ A） Surprisingly （ B） Historically （ C） Interestingly （ D） Gene
19、rally （ A） accent （ B） pronunciation （ C） spelling （ D） dialect （ A） preferred （ B） learned （ C） praised （ D） created （ A） to （ B） in （ C） as （ D） for （ A） basis （ B） norm （ C） rule （ D） variety （ A） formal （ B） colloquial （ C） non-standard （ D） standard （ A） not （ B） very （ C） much （ D） hardly （ A）
20、 variation （ B） standardization （ C） unification （ D） transformation （ A） therefore （ B） but （ C） so that （ D） nevertheless （ A） great （ B） much （ C） no （ D） little （ A） talked （ B） concerned （ C） mentioned （ D） involved （ A） press （ B） pressure （ C） power （ D） force （ A） lost （ B） gained （ C） misse
21、d （ D） got （ A） abandoned （ B） changed （ C） standardized （ D） reformed （ A） in （ B） of （ C） for （ D） to （ A） in the way （ B） under way （ C） out of the way （ D） all the way Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answ
22、ers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 As Eleanor Roosevelt once said, “Universal human rights begin in small places, close to home. “ And Tolerance. org, a Web site from the Southern Poverty Law Center, is helping parents across the country create homes in which tolerance and understanding are guiding themes. “
23、The goal of nurturing open-minded, empathetic children is a challenging one,“ says Jennifer Holladay, director of Tolerance. org. “To cultivate tolerance, parents have to instill in children a sense of empathy, respect and responsibility to oneself and to others as well as the recognition that every
24、 person on earth is a treasure. “ Holladay offers several ways parents can promote tolerance: Talk about tolerance. Tolerance education is an ongoing process: it cannot be captured in a single moment. Establish a high comfort level for open dialogue about social issues. Let children know that no sub
25、ject is taboo. Identify intolerance when children are exposed to it. Point out stereotypes and cultural misinformation depicted in movies, TV shows, computer games and other media. Challenge bias when it comes from friends and family members. Do not let the moment pass. Begin with a qualified statem
26、ent: “Andrew just called people of XYZ faith lunatics. Whatdo you think about that, Zoe?“ Let children do most of the talking. Challenge intolerance when it comes from your children. When a child says or does something that reflects biases or embraces stereotypes, confront the child: “What makes tha
27、t joke funny, Jerome?“ Guide the conversation toward internalization of empathy and respect “Mimi uses a walker, honey. How do you think she would feel about that joke?“ or “How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last week?“ Support your children when they are the victims of intoleran
28、ce. Respect childrens troubles by acknowledging when they become targets of bias. Dont minimize the experience. Provide emotional support and then brainstorm constructive responses. For example, develop a set of comebacks to use when children are the victims of name-calling. Create opportunities for
29、 children to interact with people who are different from them. Look critically at how a child defines “normal“. Expand the definition. Visit playgrounds where a variety of children are present people of different races, socioeconomic backgrounds, family structures, etc. Encourage a child to spend ti
30、me with elders grandparents, for example. Encourage children to call upon community resources. A child who is concerned about world hunger can volunteer at a local soup kitchen or homeless shelter. The earlier children interact with the community, the better. This will help convey the lesson that we
31、 are not islands unto ourselves. Model the behavior you would like to see. As a parent and as your childs primary role model, be consistent in how you treat others. Remember, you may say, “Do as I say, not as I do,“ but actions really do speak louder than words. 41 Which of the following statements
32、is TRUE about Tolerance. org? （ A） It is a Web site from the Northern Poverty Law Center. （ B） It is helping parents across the country create homes for those orphans. （ C） The goal is to challenge those intolerant children. （ D） It helps parents cultivate a sense of empathy and responsibility in th
33、eir children. 42 The underlined word “taboo“ (Para. 2) most probably means “_“. （ A） intolerance （ B） forbidden customs （ C） secret dialogues （ D） inappropriate issues 43 The example of asking “How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last week?“ is to illustrate that it is indispensabl
34、e to_. （ A） challenge intolerance when it comes from your children （ B） identify intolerance when children are exposed to it （ C） support your children when they are the victims of intolerance （ D） create opportunities for children to interact with people who are different from them 44 According to
35、the passage, children are encouraged to join in many activities other than （ A） live in homeless shelter （ B） spend time with elders （ C） volunteer at a local soup kitchen （ D） visit playgrounds where a variety of children are present 45 According to Jennifer Holladay, who are childrens primary role
36、 models? （ A） Their teachers （ B） Their parents （ C） Their grandparents （ D） Their peers 45 There are advantages in 1997, if you want to look for them. The air is cleaner, and there seem to be fewer colds. The crime rate has dropped. With the police car too expensive, policemen are back on their bea
37、ts. More important, the streets are full. Legs are king, and people walk everywhere far into the night. There is mutual protection in crowds. If the weather isnt too cold, people sit out front. If it is hot, the open air is the only air-conditioning they get. At least, the street lights still burn.
38、Indoors, few people can afford to keep lights burning after supper. As for the winter well, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of what furnace fuel is allowed hoarded for the dawn. But sweaters are popular indoor wear. Showers are not an everyday luxury. It is sore in the suburbs, which were b
39、orn with the auto, lived with the auto, and are dying with the auto. Suburbanites from associations that assign turns to the procurement and distribution of food. Rushcarts creak from house to house along the posh suburban roads, and every bad snow-storm is a disaster. It isnt easy to hoard enough f
40、ood to last till the roads are open. What energy is left must be conserved for agriculture. The great car factories make trucks and farm machinery almost exclusively. The American population isnt going up much any more, but the food supply must be kept high even though the prices and difficulty of d
41、istribution force each American to eat less. Food is needed for export to pay for some trickles of oil and for other resources. The rest of the world is not as lucky as we are. Theyre starving out there because earths population has continued to rise. The population on earth is 5. 5 billion up by 1.
42、 5 billion since 1997 and outside the United States and Europe, not more than one in five has enough to eat at any given time. There is a high infant mortality rate. Its more than just starvation, though. There are those who manage to survive on barely enough to keep the body working, and that prove
43、s to be not enough for the brain. It is estimated that nearly two billion people in the world are permanently brain damaged by undernutrition, and the number is growing. At least, the big armies are gone. Only the United States and the Soviet Union can maintain a few tanks, planes, and ships which t
44、hey dare not move for fear of biting into limited fuel reserves. Machines must be replaced by human muscle and beasts of burden. People are working longer hours, and with lighting restricted, television only three hours a night, new books few and printed in small editions what is there to do with le
45、isure? Work, sleep, and eating are the great trinity of 1997, and only the first two are guaranteed. 46 What is the passage about? （ A） It is a history of life in 1997. （ B） It is the description of life after a war. （ C） It is an imaginary account of life in 1997. （ D） It is a scientific study of l
46、ife in 1997. 47 Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） Energy will be on more expensive and in short supply. （ B） Most people will be on their legs. （ C） The air will be cleaner in 1997. （ D） There will be more cars than ever in 1997. 48 In 1997, people will （ A
47、） not use any electricity （ B） use more electricity than they do today （ C） use less electricity than they do today （ D） not like electricity any more 49 Why will American need to export food in 1997? （ A） Because the farmers will need a lot of money. （ B） Because it will need money to buy oil. （ C）
48、 Because it will have too much food for its own use. （ D） Because it wants to help other countries. 50 Which of the following can best describe the authors tone? （ A） Pessimistic. （ B） Cheerful. （ C） Excited. （ D） Optimistic. 50 The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions
49、 ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying:“Wont the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?“ Theres no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates
