1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 283及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What does each vanity stamp cost? （ A） $8.80 （ B） $0.88 （ C） $10 （ D） $5 12 What are the usage of these vanity stamps? （ A） They can be used normally to mail a letter. （ B） They can only be used for exhibition. （ C） They are used to attract more tourists. （ D） They are used to
5、post on famous buildings. 13 Why does Japan print vanity stamps? （ A） Because the Japanese like taking photographs. （ B） Because the Japanese like writing letters to each other. （ C） Because the Japanese postal officials want to print a special stamp to catch worldwide attention. （ D） Because the Ja
6、panese postal officials hope these stamps will help promote interest in letter-writing. 14 What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time? _ （ A） How much exercise they get every day. （ B） What they are most worried about. （ C） How long their parents accompany them daily.
7、 （ D） What entertainment they are interested in. 15 The academy suggests that children under age two_. （ A） get enough entertainment （ B） have more activities （ C） receive early education （ D） have regular checkups 16 According to the report, childrens bedrooms should_. （ A） be no place for play （ B
8、） be near a common area （ C） have no TV sets （ D） have a computer for study 17 Megan Delia Selva, who has already traded e-mail messages with her mom, just to say hi, is a_. （ A） freshman （ B） sophomore （ C） junior （ D） senior 18 What is the relationship between Maria Minkarah and Megan Delia Selva?
9、 _ （ A） Teacher and student. （ B） Sisters. （ C） Good friends. （ D） Mother and daughter. 19 According to the report, what is the most striking thing?_ （ A） The tone students had when talking about their parents: fond, warm and admiring. （ B） The young women keep in close touch with their families, di
10、scussing matters big and small, academic and personal. （ C） Many students turn to their parents for help with everything from roommate troubles to how to improve the paper they e-mailed home. （ D） Not all college students are closely connected with their parents. 20 Which has a lot to do with what u
11、niversity administrators and parents alike say has been a big change over the last decade, besides cellphones? _ （ A） Web access. （ B） Stronger presence of parents on campus. （ C） Offices created to deal with parents queries and concerns. （ D） E-mail. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Direct
12、ions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 On April 20, 2000, in Accra, Ghana, the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union among the non-CFA franc countries of the re-gion
13、 by January 2003, as first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004. The six countries 21 themselves to reducing central bank financing of budget deficits 22 10 percent of the previous years government 23 ; reducing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phas
14、e by 2003; creating a Convergence Council to help 24 macroeconomic policies; and 25 up a common central bank. Their declaration 26 that, “Member States 27 the need 28 strong political commitment and 29 to 30 all such national policies 31 would facilitate the regional monetary integration process. “
15、The goal of a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization, going back to its formation in 1975, and is intended to 32 broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and 33 institutions. In the colonial period, currency boards linked sets of countri
16、es in the region. 34 independence, 35 , these currency boards were 36 , with the 37 of the CFA franc zone, which included the francophone countries of the region. Although there have been attempts to advance the agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation, political problems and other economic priorities
17、in several of the regions countries have to 38 inhibited progress. Although some problems remain, the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in 1999 of a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regional 39 in Nigeria, the largest economy of the region, raising hopes that
18、 the long-delayed project can be 40 . （ A） committed （ B） devoted （ C） adjusted （ D） attributed （ A） to （ B） by （ C） with （ D） until （ A） finance （ B） profit （ C） income （ D） revenue （ A） coordinate （ B） draft （ C） ordinate （ D） compromise （ A） building （ B） setting （ C） founding （ D） erecting （ A）
19、says （ B） writes （ C） reads （ D） states （ A） accept （ B） understand （ C） recognize （ D） realize （ A） for （ B） of （ C） with （ D） without （ A） commence （ B） undertake （ C） initiate （ D） try （ A） pursue （ B） seek （ C） quest （ D） explore （ A） which （ B） that （ C） as （ D） what （ A） accompany （ B） enforce
20、 （ C） execute （ D） compel （ A） common （ B） separate （ C） several （ D） public （ A） Towards （ B） From （ C） By （ D） On （ A） therefore （ B） moreover （ C） however （ D） thus （ A） dissolved （ B） discharged （ C） dismissed （ D） dispelled （ A） consideration （ B） intention （ C） exception （ D） regard （ A） date
21、（ B） deter （ C） hinder （ D） delay （ A） development （ B） prosperity （ C） integration （ D） cooperation （ A） revived （ B） renew （ C） restore （ D） refreshed Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET
22、 1. 40 Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, belief and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of
23、one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages. People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped form of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began
24、as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward“ languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfe
25、r of ideas. They fall behind the Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two t
26、hings are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “ba
27、ckward“ languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this“ and “that“); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or the person address
28、ed, or remote from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future. This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy. 41 The author uses “backward“ here to indicate t
29、hat_. （ A） backward languages are connected with backward groups （ B） backward languages are connected with backward cultures （ C） backward languages are moving forward （ D） there is no such thing as backward languages 42 The example of American Indian languages in the passage is to illustrate that_
30、. （ A） American Indian languages are not backward （ B） backward languages are borrowing from other languages （ C） backward languages may possess quite complicated vocabularies （ D） Western languages may also borrow from “backward“ languages 43 According to the author, “backward“ languages tend to ex
31、pand in_. （ A） grammatical structures （ B） vocabularies （ C） complication （ D） sound patterns 44 Judging from the passage, the author might be_. （ A） an American Indian （ B） a Canadian （ C） an African （ D） a Japanese 45 The best title for this passage is_. （ A） Criticism of Language Hierarchy （ B） C
32、ultural Englitarian from the Perspectives of Language （ C） Expansion of “Backward“ Language （ D） Criticism of Language Hierarchy 45 How efficient is our system of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we ask of it convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent? It is often said that the
33、 British trail system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawyers on each side are so engrossed in playing hard to win, challenging each other and the judge on technical points, that the object of finding out the truth is almost forgotten. All the effort is concentrated on
34、the big day, on the dramatic cross examination of the key witnesses in front of the jury. Critics like to compare our “adversarial“ system (resembling two adversaries engaged in a contest) with the continental “inquisitorial“ system, under which the judge plays a more important inquiring role. In ea
35、rly times, in the Middle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial by “ordeal“ especially a religious event was the main way of testing guilt or innocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the continent church-trained legal officia
36、ls took over the function of both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were largely left to lay people, the Justice of the Peace and the jurymen who were illiterate and this meant that all the evidence had to be put to them orally. This historical accident dominates procedure even today,
37、with all evidence being given in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day. On the other hand, in France for instance, all the evidence is written before the trial under supervision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramatic; much of it is just a public checking o
38、f the written records already gathered. The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it in their constitution. But, while the basic features of our systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the U. S
39、. A. has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, Americans lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs. In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudi
40、ced are empanelled. Secondly, there is no separate profession of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and defense lawyers who are to present cases in court prepare themselves. They go out and visit the scene, track down and interview witnesses, and familiarize themselves personally w
41、ith the background. In Britain it is the solicitor who prepares the case, and the barrister who appears in court is not even allowed to meet witness beforehand. British barristers also alternate doing both prosecution and defense work. Being kept distant from the preparation and regularly appearing
42、for both sides, barristers are said to avoid becoming too personally involved, and can approach cases more dispassionately. American lawyers, however, often know their cases better. Reformers rightly want to learn from other countries mistakes and successes. But what is clear is that justice systems
43、, largely because they are the result of long historical growth, are peculiarly difficult to adapt piecemeal. 46 “British trial system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. “ It implies that_. （ A） the British legal system can do the basic job well convicting the guilty and acqui
44、tting the innocent （ B） the British legal system is worse than the continental legal system （ C） the British legal system is often considered to be not very fair （ D） the British legal system is very efficient 47 Which of the following sentences is NOT true? （ A） Oral evidence was unnecessary in Fra
45、nce because the judges and prosecutors could read. （ B） When trial by ordeal was finally abandoned throughout Europe, trial by jury was introduced in Britain. （ C） In the adversarial system, it is the lawyers who play the leading roles. （ D） Lawyers in Britain are prepared to lie in order to win the
46、ir cases. 48 In Britain, newspapers_. （ A） do the same as American newspapers do （ B） are not interested in publishing details about the trial before it takes place （ C） are not allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place （ D） are allowed to publish details about the trial befor
47、e it takes place 49 We can infer that American lawyers_. （ A） do not attempt to familiarize themselves with cases （ B） prepare the cases themselves （ C） tend to be more passionately involved in their cases （ D） tend to approach cases dispassionately 50 The passage_. （ A） questions whether the system
48、 of trial by jury can ever be completely efficient （ B） suggests a number of reforms which should be made to the legal system of various countries （ C） describes how the British legal system works and compares it favourably with other systems （ D） compares the legal systems of a number of countries
49、and discusses their advantages and disadvantages 50 British cancer researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clusters of cases around industrial sites are the result of population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemia not the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease. “Childhood leukaemia appears to be an unusual result of a
